Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Last August, Susan and 42 other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage (25) ____ the river running across their city. (26) ____ cleaned up the river as part of a week-long environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers,this river is so polluted that it’s unsafe for swimming and fishing, still, Susan, (27) ____ has just completed her third summer on the river clean-up, scene has changed in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot (28) ____ (clean)”, she says. Environmental scientists praised the teenagers for removing garbage (29) ____ can harm wild life.Waterbirds, for example, can choke on plastic bottle rings and get cut by scrap metal.Three years ago, when the clean-up started, garbage was everywhere, but this year,the teenagers had to hunt for garbage. They turn the clean-up into a competition to see who could find the most garbage and unload their boats fastest. By the end of the six hour shift, they (30) ____ (remove) enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “(31) ____ (see) all their garbage in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues,” Susan says. She hopes that when others read that she and her peers care enough (32) ____ (clean) it up, maybe they will think twice before they throw garbage in the river.

Keys:

25. from 26. They 27. who 28. cleaner 29. that/which 30. had removed 31. Seeing 32. to learn

解析：此篇文章主要讲解几十个学生清除城市里河旁边的几十吨的垃圾的故事，是典型记叙文。

此篇文章共216词，材料来源为2001年6月大学英语六级的听力材料(www.jyb.cn/ks/yyks/slj/kstk/t20061211_54143.htm), 此篇听力材料还被改成福州市2010-2011学年第一学期期末高三质量检查英语试卷的的第17-20题的材料。文章的话题是大家都很熟悉的环境保护，材料虽然是十几年前的听力材料，但是出题者能够从语篇语法的角度去考查学生的语法能力还是别具匠心的。不过本文与2014年上海高考英语语法填空的样题略微有点差别，语法填空样题的A篇给的是7个空格，而本文共设置8个空格，虽然设置空格的形式有点小差异，但是对学生的影响不大。本文的8个空格测试考点分别是介词、代词、连词、形容词比较级、定语从句、过去完成时、现在分词和不定式。虽然学生都会，但是不一定能够得到满分，因为第26题和31题的首字母都要大写，如果小写了肯定各失去0.5分。

（B）

Dave Fuss lost his job (33) ____ a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift——$7,000, a legacy form their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in (34) ____ accident. “It really made a difference (35) ____ we were going under financially.” says Dave.

But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Doxens of other families (36) ____ (touch) by the Hstches generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in other, it was more than $100,000.

It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on (37) ____ was left of the family farm.

(38) ____ ____ the financial crisis, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving, They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, (37) ____ (check) prices before making a new purchase.

Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents (40) ____ not afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked you whether you needed anything,” says their friend Sand Van Weelden, “They could see the things they could do to make you happier ,and they would do them.

本篇文章讲解的是捐赠遗产帮别别人的故事，也是记叙文。共268个字，设置的也是8个空，考点分别是现在分词、冠词、主语从句、一般过去时的被动语态、宾语从句、介词短语、现在分词和情态动词。本篇文章选材来源与2009年山东省高考英语阅读理解的A篇，其中删去原文中的第一句的时间状语（A year ago August,）和文章的最后一（Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy——a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cent ——should enrich the whole community and Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story.）。捐赠遗产是外国文化中非常普通的话题，我们的学生如果知道“巴菲特中国之行”，对此话题也不会感觉特别陌生。文章基本没有超纲词汇，因此学生做起来问题也不大。

现在将2篇文章的语法填空与2014上海高考英语的样题做一简单的对比。

一模语法填空

语法填空样题

题号

考点

题号

考点

25

介词

25

并列句

26

代词

26

介词

27

定语从句

27

现在分词

28

形容词比较级

28

动词不定式

29

定语从句

29

定语从句

30

过去完成时

30

冠词

31

现在分词

31

代词

32

动词不定式

32

过去分词

33

现在分词

33

情态动词

34

冠词

34

一般现在时的被动语态

35

主语从句

35

结果状语从句

36

一般过去时的被动语态

36

介词短语

37

宾语从句

37

动名词

38

介词短语

38

形容词最高级

39

现在分词

39

一般将来时

40

情态动词

40

宾语从句

考点总数

14个

考点总数

16个

（ 表一）

通过表一分析可知：

2、普陀一模的考点没有考全

普陀一模语法填空比样题少了2个语法点，因为一模试卷考了3题（31题、33题和39题）现在分词，导致过去分词和动名词的考点遗漏。

一模语法填空

语法填空样卷

文章

字数

文章

字数

A篇

216

A篇

227

B篇

268

B篇

239

总字数

484个

总字数

466

表二

通过表二可知，一模语法填空和样卷的语法填空的字数相差不大，一模语法填空的字数比样卷的语法填空多18个词。

另外还可以从语篇的衔接欲别连贯的角度详细将一模语法填空和样卷语法填空进行对比分析，从而帮助师生能够更好地运用练习材料培养学生的语篇语法能力。更多的一模考试新题型信息可以联系名呈教育的微博。

附一：2001年大学生英语六级材料原文

Last August,Susan and 42 other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage from the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a week-long environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers,this river is so polluted that it’s unsafe for swimming and fishing,still,Susan, who has just completed her third summer on the river clean-up ,scene has changed in this river.“Since we started three years ago ,the river is getting a lot cleaner”,she says.Environmental scientists praised the teenagers for removing garbage that can harm wild life.Waterbirds,for example,can choke on plastic bottle rings and get cut by scrap metal.Three years ago, when the clean-up started, garbage was everywhere, but this year,the teenagers had to hunt for garbage.They turn the clean-up into a competition to see who could find the most garbage and unload their boats fastest. By the end of the six hour shift, they have removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks.“Seeing all their garbage in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues,”Susan says.She hopes that when others read that she and her peers care enough to clean it up, maybe they will think twice before they throw garbage in the river.

附二：福州市2010—2011学年第一学期期末高三质量检查英语试卷 第17-20题的听力材料原文

Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage from the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river is so polluted that it’s unsafe for swimming and fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage that can harm wild life. Water birds , for example, can choke on plastic bottle rings and get cut by scrap metal. When the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers had to hunt for it in their boats. By the end of the six-hour shift, they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “Garbage in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues,” Susan says. She hopes that when others read that she and her peers care enough to clean it up, maybe they would think twice before they throw garbage into the river.

附三 ：2009年山东高考英语阅读A篇

A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift——$7,000, a legacy form their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially.”says Dave.

But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Doxens of other families were touched by the Hstches generosity. In some cases, it was a few thiousand dollars; in other, it was more than $100,000.

It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million—they were am elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm .

Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving, They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before making a new purchase.

Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked you needed anything,” says their friend Sand Van Weelden, “They could see the things they could do to make you happier,and they would do them .

Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy——a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cent ——should enrich the whole community and Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story.