加载中…初中英语阅读理解解题技巧指导（一）
(2019-06-01 22:51:23)| 分类： 小课题研究过程性资料教学设计 |
初中英语阅读理解解题技巧指导（一）
周至县终南初级中学 司葳蕤
教学目标：
通过阅读材料，对学生进行阅读技巧的指导，帮助学生概括总结阅读理解做题技巧。
引言：初中英语阅读理解在中考英语中，不仅是分数上的重头，也是难度上的重头。很多学生表示他们单词、短语背了那么多，平时做了那么多阅读题，长难句也试着攻克了，但为什么做阅读理解题还是又费时间，而且又错很多？为此，本节课我特意为大家进行阅读理解解题技巧指导。
1、阅读材料
第二节 阅读B、C、D三篇短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。(共10小题，计15分)
B
Illegal driving is really dangerous. It may cause traffic accidents, even deaths. It’s reported that thousands of people die from illegal driving each year. Many countries are trying their best to control it. France, for example, has made some strict rules and laws to stop it.
People are warned not to eat while driving. Any driver who is caught eating while at the wheel will be stopped by the police. Then he will be fined up to 50 for it.
Drivers are not allowed to read a map, make a phone call or listen to very loud music while driving. Besides, it is against the rules for the motorists to use any kind of earphones. Things change easily on the road. Drivers never know what will happen next.
From July 2 on, it will be illegal to smoke when there is a child aged 12 or under in the car. Smoking is also banned outdoors at children’s play areas, including those at motorway rest areas. Notices in several languages have been put up at motorway service stations to warn foreign visitors of the rules.
Driving after drinking can put people in danger. All the drivers are asked to carry alcohol breath test equipment in their ears. Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished.
46. The underlined word “be fined” here probably
mean
“
A. pay money as a
punishment
C. Find
money
47. How can foreign visitors know the rules against smoking?
48. The writer write the article to
C
As we all know, border safety is very important to a country. In China, many common people, besides soldiers, are doing what they can to keep the border safe. Wei Deyou is one of them.
In 1964, Wei, a soldier in the army, went to Xinjiang to keep the border safe. Years later, when the other members left for other places, he chose to stay. He worked as a border keeper while keeping some sheep to support his family. Every day, he rode a horse or walked along the border. He tried his best to stop Chinese, foreigners and home-kept animals from crossing the border. He took everything about border safety seriously. When he found anything unusual or dangerous, he would call the police in time. It was really hard work.
One cold winter day in 1987, when Wei was on his way home from work, a heavy snowstorm came. He lost his way and walked for several hours. He nearly lost his life. Luckily, some soldiers saved him. Another day in 1992, his 400 sheep were driven away or killed. He knew some people hated him because of his strictness.
Wei has been working in Xinjiang for over 50 years. No matter how hard a life he lives. Wei never gives up. These years, he has walked about 200.000 kilometers along the border. He has also found many new ways to keep the border safer. For his excellent work, he has been given some prizes. He is a model for all of us. Now he is 77 years old. He still keep working there. Just as he said, “It’s my duty to do the job. Border safety is the most important.”
49. What does Wei do in Xinjiang?
A. He is an
officer.
C. He is a border
keeper.
50. What happened to Wei on a cold winter day in 1987?
A. He lost his
life.
C. He lost his
sheep.
51. According to the last paragraph, we know that ________.
A. Wei has returned to his hometown.
B. Wei will continue working in Xinjiang.
C. Wei has new ways to keep his sheep safe.
D. Wei is too old to work.
D
It was already 8:30 in the morning. Lin Tao, a 14-year-old schoolboy, still didn’t show up at school. He was often later for school! The teacher called his father and got to know he played computer games online late the night before and couldn’t get up that morning. In fact, he had played online games since the age of 11. He almost dropped out of school last year.
Lin Tao is not alone. Information from China Internet Center shows that the number of teenage Internet users in China had been about 170 million by the end of December, 2016. Many of them, like Lin Tao, spend too much time playing computer game online.
To deal with this problem, the Chinese government worked out a draft regulation in January this year. According to the regulation, players need to use their own ID cards to play online games. game companies will control teenagers’ online game time. They will not be able to play online games between 12:00 at night and 8:00 in the morning. If they are still playing during the time, the game companies will lock them out.
Many people think that the regulation can surely better protect Chinese young game players online, while others doubt whether it can successful stop them from playing games too much. “More and more people come to know that playing online games too much not only brings teenagers healthy and study problems, but also makes them depressed and lonely, ” Tong Xiaojun, a director from a university, told CCTV. We need support from the whole society to solve the problem.”
52. Which of the following is TRUE about Lin Tao?
A. He had a fight with his
father.
C. He often arrive later for
school.
53. Under the regulation, players need to
A. talk with their
parents
C. call the game
companies
54. According to the regulation, teenagers will not be able to play online game at _____.
A. 8:00
pm
55. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. not many young people have the same problem as Lin Tao in China
D. everyone should play a part in controlling teenagers’ online game time
VII. 任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。（共5小题，计10分）
Friendship Day is a great day for celebrating friendship. It falls on the first Sunday of August every year. Celebrating the festival was firstly started by the US in 1935. But now this doesn’t only happen in the US. People in other countries are interested in it, too.
The idea of spending the day with friends was spread all over the world. With more and more countries joining in the celebrations, Friendship Day soon became an international festival.
Between 1936 and 1997, Friendship Day didn’t have a symbol (象征), like Santa Claus for Christmas. However, in 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the pooh as the word’s Ambassador of Friendship.
The traditional celebrations include activities such as meeting with friends and exchanging (交换) cards, flowers and gifts. Some people may have parties with their friends. Some may have lunch or dinner together. Others may hang out or go to the movies with friends on this special day. These are popular among all age groups from teenagers to old people.
Although Friendship Day and its celebrations may have changed over the years, the basic idea behind the festival remains the same. People enjoy the moment they spend together and express love and care for their friends.
It refers to __________________________.
People enjoy the moment they spend together and ______________ for their friends.
The writer thinks it’s ________________________________.
2、英语阅读理解四中命题题型及命题思路
（1）主旨大意题
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。、
在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。
主题句一般具有以下特征：
概括全段思想。
一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。
解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
主旨题常见的命题形式：
The main idea of this text/passage/paragraph may be…….
This passage/ paragraph is mainly about…….
The author's purpose in writing this text…….
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
What's the topic of the text?
The passage gives us is…...
典型例题
48. The writer write the article to
48. A
55. We can learn from the passage that ______.
B. it is impossible to control teenagers’ online game time
55. D，
73. What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?
73. the
activities/
75. What does the writer think of the festival?
The writer thinks it’s ________________________________.
75. great。
(2)推断题
这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。
有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。
解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断。
应特别注意以下特征：
吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础；
推理的根据来自于上下文；
不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；
在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。
推断题常有的命题形式：
It can be known from the text that ….
From the text we know that ….
The story implies that ….
The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….
The writer suggests that….
典型例题
51. According to the last paragraph, we know that ________.
A. Wei has returned to his hometown.
B. Wei will continue working in Xinjiang.
C. Wei has new ways to keep his sheep safe.
D. Wei is too old to work.
51. B，
（3）事实细节题
首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案.
另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
典型例题
47. How can foreign visitors know the rules against smoking?
47. B，
49. What does Wei do in Xinjiang?
A. He is an
officer.
C. He is a border
keeper.
49. C，
50. What happened to Wei on a cold winter day in 1987?
A. He lost his
life.
C. He lost his
sheep.
50. D，
52. Which of the following is TRUE about Lin Tao?
A. He had a fight with his
father.
C. He often arrive later for
school.
52. C，
53. Under the regulation, players need to
A. talk with their
parents
C. call the game
companies
53. D，
54. According to the regulation, teenagers will not be able to play online game at _____.
A. 8:00
pm
54. C，
71. When is Friendship Day?
71. the first Sunday of August。
74. What’s the basic idea behind the festival?
People enjoy the moment they spend together and ______________ for their friends.
74. express love and care。
(4)猜测词义题
这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。
猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的
解这类题时应注意以下特点：
注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；
注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
典型例题
46. The underlined word “be fined” here probably
mean
“
A. pay money as a
punishment
C. Find
money
46：A，
72. What does “this” in the first paragraph refer to?
It refers to __________________________.
72. Celebrating the festival/ Friendship Day。
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