英语词类手册介词分册 第三章 英语介词from与of的用法

第四节 英语介词of用法例析(下)B

 

编者  四川大竹  张有樑

 

（续前：三、以of结尾的行为短语动词  1.不及物动词+of→及物短语动词）

2.“动词-名词-of”联用短语动词

动词+名词+of→及物短语动词

若“动词+名词+of”加上宾语，这就是平常所说“动词+动作性名词+of +sth.”结构，该结构的of后面可以跟表人的词，也可跟表事物的词或词组作其宾语。

词目：catch sight of  get hold of    lose sight of   make a fool of

make fun of   make use of   take care of    take notice of

catch sight of  看见／发现

例：Don’t let me catch sight of you doing it again! 别让我再看到你干这种事！

Suddenly I turned and caught sight of Tom. 我一转身，忽然看见了汤姆。

I caught sight of her out of the corner of my eye. 我用眼一瞟，看见了她。

Suddenly I caught sight of an old friend there. 在那里我突然看见一个老朋友。

He caught sight of himself in the mirror. 他在镜子里瞥见了自己的样子。

Catching sight of her,he broke into a run. 他一看见她，赶紧就跑。

 

get hold of 抓住／掌握／弄到手

例：Get hold of the rope or you will fall. 抓紧绳子，否则你会跌下来的。

Wherever did you get hold of that idea? 你那想法究竟是从哪里来的?

I must get hold of some more writing paper. 我必须再找一些书写用纸。

I can’t get hold of the meaning of the article. 我无法把握住这篇文章的意思。

I tried to get hold of you but the line was busy. 我想和你通电话，但总占线。

 

lose sight of  忽略／忘记／看不见…了

例：Let’s not lose sight of our goals. 我们不要失去目标。

Don’t lose sight of your dreams. 不要忘记自己的梦想!

We must not lose sight of this fact. 我们一定不要忽略这个事实。

The boat was soon lost sight of in the fog. 不久小船在雾中看不见了。

The police were not going to lose sight of him. 警察将会继续监视他的行踪。

 

make a fool of 愚弄／使出丑

例：Don’t go and make a fool of yourself. 别去干蠢事。

I cannot bear to be made a fool of. 我无法忍受被人愚弄。

I will teach you to make a fool of me. 我要好好教训你，看你还敢愚弄我。

Stuff and nonsense! Don’t try to make a fool of me. 胡说八道！你休想糊弄我。

Behave yourself; don’t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止，别闹出笑话来。

If you want to make a fool of yourself, you do that! 要是你想出丑，那随你的便吧！

 

make fun of 取笑／拿…开玩笑

例：It’s cruel to make fun of a blind man. 取笑一个瞎子是残忍的。

We should not make fun of his stammer. 我们不应该笑他口吃。

Be serious, John! Don’t make fun of me. 严肃点，约翰！别拿我开玩笑！

He thinks it’s clever to make fun of people. 他觉得拿别人开玩笑显得聪明。

In general, people don’t like to be made fun of. 大体上讲，人们都不喜欢被捉弄。

 

make use of 利用

例：We can make use of it in our life. 在我们的生活当中应用到它。

You should make use of your contacts. 你应该利用你的人际关系。

We must make use of our spare time. 我们必须善用我们的业余时间。

You should fully make use of these materials. 你应该充分利用这些材料。

He does not know how to make use of this waste gas. 他不知如何利用这种废气。

 

take care of 照顾／负责／处理

例：Take it easy. We’ll take care of everything. 别著急，一切由我们照料。

Her secretary took care of all her appointments. 她的秘书处理她的一切约会。

The boy is smart and can take care of himself. 那孩子很精明可以照顾他自己。

Take care of your head on that low ceiling. 当心你的头别碰上那低矮的天花板。

Mr Smith takes care of marketing and publicity. 史密斯先生负责产品的销售与推广。

 

take notice of 注意／留心／理会

例：Take notice of what I have told you. 注意我告诉你的事情。

Please take notice of my announcement. 请注意听我的通知。

Pleas take notice of these warning lable. 请留心这些警告的标牌。

He is too proud to take notice of others. 他很骄傲，不理睬别人。

In a happy hour, the king took notice of her. 在幸运的时刻，国王碰巧注意到了她。

Nobody took notice of the mischief of the matter. 没有人注意到这件事情所带来的危害。

 

动词+sb.+of→及物短语动词

“动词+sb.+of”加上宾语，即成“动词+sb.+of + sth.”结构，该结构中的sb.一定是指人名词；其中of有“剥夺，有关”之意，其后可跟人、事物或动名词短语为其宾语。

1).动词：accuse、bereave、break、cheat、clear、

convince、cure、defraud、deprive、inform

accuse sb. of  控告／谴责／指责／非难某人做某事——除用于主动句外，也常用于被动句；of后可接名词、指示代词，更常接动名词表“做某事”。

例：The policeman accused him of murder. 警察指控他犯谋杀罪。

He accused me of having neglected my duty. 他指责我玩忽职守。

I hate it when people accuse us of that. 我讨厌别人就那件事指责我们。

He laughed loudly when I accused him of fibbing. 当我指责他说谎时，他大笑起来。

She was accused of spying for the enemy. 她被指控为敌方间谍。【被动句】

He was accused of trying to torpedo the talks. 他被指责试图破坏会谈。

He was accused of purposely creating difficulties. 有人指责他故意制造麻烦。

She is often accused of rubbishing her opponents. 她经常因诋毁对手而受到指责。

 

bereave sb. of  夺去某人的…

例：Cancer bereaved him of his wife. 癌症使他丧失妻子。

The car accident bereaved him of his wife and son. 那次车祸使他痛失妻儿。

The accident bereaved her husband’s life. 那次(意外)事故夺去了她丈夫的生命。

Nothing can bereave us of such sweet memories.

没有什么东西可以夺去我们这样甜蜜的记忆。

 

break sb. of  使某人改掉某种习惯

例：They broke him of his addiction.他们除去他吸毒的瘾。

I will break him of that habit of spitting. 我将让他戒除吐痰的习惯。

It’s not easy to break him of his old habit. 要使他改掉旧习惯是不容易的。

Doctors keep trying to break him of smoking. 医生们不断设法让他戒烟。

Doctors managed to break him of his addiction to durgs. 医生们尽力使他戒了毒瘾。

 

cheat sb. of 欺骗某人／骗走某人某物

例：He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。

She cheated him (out) of his money. 她骗走了他的钱。

He cheated me of my one month’s salary. 他骗取了我一个月的工资。

The man cheated the old lady of all her money. 那人骗走了老太太所有的钱。

Her father was cheated of his land. 她的父亲被人骗走了地产。【被动句】

He was cheated of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了。

I was cheated of all my money by that lamb-like wench.

我的钱全部被那个说起话来像羔羊似的小美女给骗走啦。

 

clear sb. of  清除(某处的)某物【clear sth. of】／洗刷(某人的嫌疑)

例：They tried to clear him of his suspicion. 他们设法消除他的疑心。

The witness cleared me of my suspicion. 那证人消除了我的疑虑。

The witness cleared him of the charge. 那证人(的证词)洗刷了他的嫌疑。

The streets have been cleared of snow. 街上的积雪已被清除。【被动句】

 

convince sb.of 使某人确信某件事

例：Please convince him of this. 说服他相信这一点。

I convinced him of my innocence. 我使他相信我是无辜的。

But we failed to convince him of his mistake. 但我们没能使他相信他是错的。

I try to convince him of the reality of the danger. 我试图使他相信危险的确存在。

It may be too late to convince him of his mistake. 说服他认识到错误可能已经太晚了。

 

cure sb. of  治愈某人的疾病／纠正某人的坏习惯

例：This medicine cured him of his headache. 这种药治好了他的头痛。【治愈疾病】

The doctor cured (her of) her stomach trouble. 大夫治好了她的胃病。

Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到乡下她的哮喘就好了。

This medicine can cure you of your fever soon. 这种药能很快治愈你的发烧。

Even whisky could not cure him of his anxiety. 甚至威士忌也无法治好他的焦虑症。

He has cured of his habit of drinking. 他已改掉了喝酒的习惯了。【改掉坏习惯】

We must help to cure him of stealing. 我们必须帮助他改掉偷窃的恶习。

Tom’s parents try to cure him of his bad habits. 汤姆的父母努力纠正他的不良习惯。

A spell in the army will cure him of his laziness!在部队呆一段时间是会治好他的懒病的。

 

defraud sb. of  欺骗某人 …

例：She accused him of having defrauded her of twenty thousand dollars.

她指控他骗取了2万美元。

He claims that the man has defrauded taxpayers of thousands of dollars.

他声称该男子从纳税人手中骗取了数千美元。

The old lady accused her son-in-law of having defrauded her of five thousand dollars.

那位老太太指控她女婿骗取了她5千美元。

She is defrauded of her money by a dishonest accountant.【被动句】

她的钱被一个奸诈的会计骗去了。

 

deprive sb. of 剥夺某人的…【sb.也可以是sth.】

例：An accident deprived him of his sight. 一次事故使他失明了。

The accident deprived her of her life. 那场事故夺去了她的生命。

Those misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.

那些不幸的事几乎使他丧失了理智。

They deprived the criminal of political rights for all his life.

他们剥夺那罪犯的终身政治权利。

They are deprived of their rights as citizens. 他们的公民权都被剥夺了。【被动句】

The railways have been deprived of the money they need for modernization.

铁路系统被剥夺了那笔需要用于现代化的拨款。【railways是物sth.】

The trees outside the windows deprive the house of light. 【house是物sth.】

窗外的树木把房子遮挡得暗然无光。

 

inform sb. of  向某人汇报…／告诉某人…消息／通知某人某事

例：We informed him of your refusal to help. 我们告诉他，你们拒绝帮忙。

He informed me of his safe arrival at USA. 他告知我他已平安到达美国。

She demands to be informed of everything. 她要求所有情况都得向她通报。

You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time. 在适当的时候将把详情告诉你。

The bookworm in uniform was informed of the storm. 穿制服的书呆子得到暴风雨的消息。

I will leave it to you to inform him of our plan. 把我们的计划通知他，这事就交给你了。

A gust of fetidness informed him of the place in which he stood.

一股恶臭提醒他自己在什么地方。

特别提示：动词inform也常与of直接配搭而不结合sb.，即：to inform of

例：I am not going to inform of anyone. 我不打算告发任何人。

Keep me informed of fresh developments. 随时告诉我新的发展。

 

2). 动词：persuade、relieve、remind、rid、rob、tell、warn

persuade sb. of 说服某人…——即“使某人相信什么”。

例：He almost persuaded me of his honesty. 他几乎使我相信他的老实。

He tried to persuade her of his honesty. 他设法使她相信他的诚实。

She tried to persuade me of her innocence. 她设法让我相信她是无辜的。

The little girl persuaded him of her sincerity. 小女孩使他相信了她的真诚。

How can I persuade you of my love? 我怎样才能使你相信我的爱呢?

 

relieve sb. of  解除／免除／劫掠某人之物

例：May I relieve you of your coat? 我可以为你脱去上衣吗?

The pickpocket relieved him of her purse. 扒手偷走她的钱包。

That relieved him of all responsibility. 那件事使他免除了所有责任。

It relieved him of his unnecessary anxieties. 这使他消除了不必要的焦虑。

A man with a knife relieved him of his wallet. 一个持刀的家伙劫去了他的皮夹。

A porter relieved her of the three large cases. 一个行李搬运工替她扛了三个大包。

 

remind sb. of  提醒某人(不要忘记)／使某人想起 (某事物或另一人sb.)

例：You remind me of your father. (看到)你使我想起了你父亲。

She reminds me of her mother. 看到她使我想起她的母亲。

This song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。

The story reminds me of my past. 这个故事使我想起了我的过去。

I reminded him of what he promised to do. 我提醒他，他答应过要做的事。

Yes, though you’d better remind him of the fact. 对，不过你最好提醒他这个事实。

They reminded him of his contractual obligations. 他们提醒他注意合同规定的义务。

I continually have to remind him of his responsibilities. 我得一再提醒他记住他的责任。

A few days back she reminded him of his pledge. 前几天她提醒他所作过的保证。

I was reminded of my promise. 有人提醒我不要忘了我的允诺。【被动句】

 

rid sb. of 使某人摆脱…／使某人去除…

例：You should rid yourself of that bad habit. 你必须改掉那个坏习惯。

It is not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit. 要改掉坏习惯确实不容易。

The dentist rid him of his pain by taking out the tooth.

牙医将那颗牙齿拿掉，解除了他的疼痛。

The doctor rid her of her pain by dressing the wound with ointment.

医生在她的伤口上贴上药膏止住了她的疼痛。

We should rid our ranks of all impotent thinking.

我们应当在自己内部肃清一切软弱无能的思想。

 

rob sb. of  抢劫某人的东西

例：The robber robbed him of his money. 那强盗抢走了他的钱。

A highwayman robbed him of his money. 一个强盗抢了他的钱。

The accident robbed him of his health. 那事故使他丧失了健康。

The burglars robbed him of all his money. 这伙盗贼抢夺了他所有的钱。

I don’t want to rob him of his inalienable rights. 我不想夺取他的天生权利。

They knocked Tom down and robbed him of his watch.他们打倒汤姆并抢走了他的手表。

I was robbed of my cash and cheque. 我的现金和支票簿被抢了。【被动句】

 

tell sb of 和某人说起／给某人讲述某事

例：He told me of his trouble. 他告诉了我他的烦恼。

Would it be all right to tell him of your arrival? 告诉他你已来了，行吗?

She told him of his old mother’s deceit. 她向他诉说了他母后的欺骗行为。

She began to tell him of a proposed camping trip. 她开始把要去露营的事告诉他。

He told her of the feudal state in which he lived. 他向她叙述他那胜似王侯的生活。

 

warn sb. of／against…  警告某人有某事

例：He was warned of the danger. 他被警告有危险。【被动句】

We warned him of the danger. 我们警告他有危险。

I shouted to him to warn him of the danger. 我对他呼喊，警告他有危险。

They warned him of the opposition he would meet. 他们告诉过他，会有人反对的。

His staff warn him of the possible consequence. 他的工作人员提醒他可能会出现的结果。

The radio bulletin warned of the typhoon. 收音机新闻快报发布了台风警报。

The doctor warned him against smoking. 医生告诫他不要吸咽。

He warned her against pickpockets／swindlers. 他让她提防扒手。

I warned him against repeating my error. 我提醒他不要重犯我的错误。

The doctor warned him against straininghimself. 医生警告他不要过度紧张。

We warned him against trampling on justice. 我们告诫过他，切莫藐视正义。

⑶动词+ sth.+of+ sb. ——表间接性含义的of

介词of用在ask、expect、demand、require等表示“期望”之类词义的动词后面，引导一个间接宾语(introducing an indirect object)。——这类动词用作及物动词接指物的宾语，而又要求接一个指人的对象时，也用of而不用to。

词目：①ask a question of sb.  ②expect sth. of sb.      ③demand sth. of sb.

④require sth. of sb.    ⑤其它动词类似结构例  ⑥“动词+ sth.+of+ sb.”型祝酒词

①ask a question of sb. 向某人提出问题

例：He asked some questions of himself. 他自问了一些问题。

The both sisters would ask questions of the spirit. 这两姐妹会向灵魂问问题。

She asked the same question of everyone in turn. 她轮流对每个人提出同样的问题。

 

②expect sth. of sb.  期望从某人那里得到某物

例：It is too much to expect of you. 这对你期望未免过高。

He expects an answer of me. 他想从我这里得到答案。

Our parents expect too much of／from us. 父母对我们期望很高。

Don’t expect much of him; he is at best a student.不要对他期望过高，他只不过是个学生。

 

③demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西

例：Those persons demanded too high a price of him. 那些人向他要价太高。

They demanded too high a price of me for the dress. 这套衣服他们向我要价太高。

He is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.

他是一个能干的人，但是另一方面，他对人要求太多了。

 

④require sth. of sb. 要求某人做某事

例：He required an apology of her. 他要求她道歉。

She required a seasonable answer of him. 她要求他的及时答复。

 

⑤与上述动词如此用法类似的一些动词与of结合的用例。

例：I have not seen much of him lately. 近来，我同他不常会面。

I have not seen anything of him lately. 我近来连他的影子也没有看见。

I have known something of him before. 我以前对他有所了解。

I’ve never spoken ill of him in my life. 我这辈子从来没说过他的坏话。

I swear, I will make an example of him. 我发誓，我一定要拿他惩一儆百。

 

⑥此外，一些祝酒词也多是使用这种“动词+ sth.+of+ sb.”结构。

如：propose a toast to the health of sb. 提议为某人的健康干杯／举杯

drink to the health of sb. 为某人的健康干杯

pledge the success of sb. 为某人的成功干杯

例：I propose a toast to the health of the guests. 我提议为来宾的健康干一杯。

Let’s propose a toast to the health of the guest of honour. 我建议为我们贵宾的健康干杯。

I wish to propose a toast to the health of the President! 我建议为总统阁下的健康干杯！

May I propose a toast to the health of Dr. Green? 我提议为格林先生的健康干杯。

Shall I propose a toast to the health of our teacher?我提议为我们老师的健康干杯好吗？

I propose a toast to the health of our excellencies and friends, cheers!

我提议为各位来宾、各位朋友的身体健康干杯！

Now I’d like to propose a toast to the health of my honorary guest.

现在我提议为了尊贵的客人的身体健康干杯!

I ask you to join me in a toast to the health of our host.

我请你们同我一起为我们的东道主的健康干杯。

Let’s drink (a toast) to the health of our host! 为我们主人的健康干杯！

Let us drink to the health of our father. 让我们举杯为父亲祝福。

Let’s drink to the health of you two. 让我们为你们俩的健康干杯!

Let’s drink to the health of Ms.Kelland. 让我们共同举杯，敬祝凯兰女士健康。

We must drink to the health of the bride. 我们要为新娘的健康干杯。

Everyone at the table stand up and pledge the success of the new company.

桌上每个人都起立为新公司的成功祝酒。

特别提示：英语祝酒词的格式不一，也有用to不用of的。

例：He drank a toast to the bride and groom. 他提议为新郎新娘干杯。

The committeedrank a toast to the new project. 委员会为这项新计划干杯。

I proposed a toast to the bride and the groom. 我敬新娘和新郎一杯。

I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom.我提议为新娘新郎的幸福乾杯。

 

（未完待续）