英语词类手册介词分册第三章第三节英语介词of用法例析(中)
(2019-01-02 14:11:42)
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英语词类手册介词分册 第三章 英语介词from与of的用法
编者
第三节
接续前《第二节英语介词of用法例析(上) 》一、介词of通常表达的词义
二、系表结构句中的of结构
1.“be of+名词”结构
这种“be of+名词”结构就是平常简称的“be of”结构,该结构用法很灵活,在句中可作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。结构中of后的这类名词,或者用带冠词的单数形式,或者用复数形式,其前都可有形容词修饰。
“be of+抽象名词”表主语属性
of与某些如value (价值)、ability(能力)、importance (重要性)、determination (决心)、interest (兴趣)、nationality(民族性)、help (帮助)、use(用途)等抽象名词连用,相当于“be +该抽象名词相对应的形容词”,表作主语的人或事物的属性;此多用作表语,但有时也用作定语而具同样功能。其中of意表“具备/具有”,且of不可以省略。
例:It’s not of much value. 这没有多大价值。【value→valuable】【作表语】
The book may be of great value to you. 这本书也许对你很有价值。
The experience gained will be of great value to us. 所取得的经验对我们有很大价值。
What he says is of great importance. 他讲的话很重要。【importance→important】
What was said was of prime importance/very important. 说过的那件事很是重要。
The press conferenceseems of great importance/very important.
这个新闻发布会看来很重要。
This subject is of great interest to me. 这门学科对我来说很是有趣。【interest→interesting】
My advice may be of use/very useful for you. 我的意见也许对你有用。【use→useful】
All our persuasion was of no use/very useless. 我们所有的劝告都无用。
The dictionary is of much help to the students. 这本字典对学生帮助很大。【help→helpful】
They are of great help/very helpful to learners of English.
他们对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
但:Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。【feather→feathered】【作定语】
She is a girl of much ability. 她是一个能力很强的姑娘。【ability→able】
His wife is a woman of ability. 他妻子是一位有才干的女子。
He was a man of great determination. 他是个十分果断的人。【determination→determined】
China is a big family of many nationalities.中国是个多民族大家庭。【nationality→national】
在这类有相应形容词替换名词的“of+抽象名词”结构中,名词前常用great、much等来修饰;而在相应的形容词前,则常用very来修饰。
表属性的“be of+抽象名词”中作表语的“of抽象名词”,有的并没有或无必要找到相应形容词去替代它,但其主要功能仍然是表主语的属性。
例:My mother was of a thrifty habit. 我母亲生性节俭。
She was of a nervous disposition. 她生性容易紧张。
She is of an optimistic turn/cast of mind. 她生性乐观。
That morning was of a praiseworthy sort. 那天早晨真值得赞美。
The statements were of political character. 这种声明具有政治性质。
The equipment used then was of a new type. 当时用的器材是新式的。
Gold and silver are of a more durable nature. 金银具有较大的耐久性。
The beauty of Mt. Fuji is of a majestic order. 富士山之美显得雄伟壮丽。
This was his fatal defect; he was of feeble will. 这是他致命的弱点,他意志薄弱。
Moderate exercise will be of benefit to you. 适度运动对你有益。
Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health. 做早操对你的健康有利。
“be of+其它名词”表主语特性
“be of”与表年龄(age)、shape (形状)、大小(size)、颜色(color)、design (设计)、length (长度)、width (宽度)、height (高度)、weight (重量)、kind (种类)、way(方式)、price(价格)等名词连用,表示“具有…”,说明主语的特征;而且其中介词of有时还可省略。
例:Comrade Li and I are nearly of an age. 老李跟我年龄大致相同。【age】
He is overwise for a child of his age. 就他那种年龄的孩子而言,他是太聪明了。
When I was of your age, I entered the war. 当我是你这个年龄的时候,我就打仗去了。
When I was (of) his age, I lived in the country. 我像他这个年纪的时候,是住在乡下。
Two pairs of shoes are of a size. 这两双鞋尺码一样。【size】
All the boys are much of a size. 这些男孩个头差不多一样。
These boxes are of the same size. 这些盒子都是同样大小的。
A good horse cannot be of a bad colour. 马好色也正。【colour】
These flowers are of different colors. 这些花的颜色都不相同。
These chestnuts are of bright reddish-brown. 这些栗子是鲜亮的红褐色。
Her hair was short and of a middling brown colour. 她一头短发,呈淡棕色。
This dress is of the latest design. 这件衣服是最新设计。【desigh】
The full range is type of the same design. 全系列是相同的设计类型。
They were both of middle height. 他们俩都是中等个子。【height】
The two boys are (of) the same height. 这两个男孩一样高。
My walking stick is (of) the same length as yours. 我的手杖和你的一样长。【length】
These boxes are not of the same weight. 这些箱子不一样重。【weight】
The two boxes are of a/the same weight. 这两个盒子同样重。
These pianos are of different widths. 这些钢琴的宽度是不一样的。【width】
She is of a different way of thinking. 她的思维方式与众不同。【way】
These two kinds of article are of the same price. 这两种物品价格相同。【price】
Several of the stamps were of the unusual kind. 其中几张邮票是不同种类的。【kind】
Machines are of different types and sizes. 机器有不同的型号和规格。【type】
What’re the differences of the different types? 这些不同种类是用什么来区分的?
Now both come in a bewildering range of strange shapes and sizes. 【shape】
如今他们都朝着奇形怪状的方向发展。
特别提示:a/an≈the same【≈表示大致相当】
在此结构中,如果of后面的名词前有不定冠词a或an,则这个冠词相当于the same。
例:The two boys are of an/the same age. 这两个男孩同龄。
Her eyes are of a/the same dark gray color. 她的眼睛【双眼同】是深灰色的。
“be of +物质名词”——表示主语是由某种材料制成,相当于“be made of/be built of”。
例:The cup is (made) of glass. 这杯子是由玻璃制成的。
The necklace is (made) of glass. 这条项链是由玻璃制成的。
The building was (built) of bricks. 这大楼是用砖建的。
The floors are of wood, granite and marble. 楼梯是用木材、花岗岩以及大理石制成。
This ring is made of gold and yours of silver.
这只戒子是用黄金制成的,而你的是用白银制的。
be of相当于belong to——“be of +集合名词”相当于belong to或have,of表示归属关系或“有”的意思。
例:The two girls are of a class. 姐妹俩在同一个班级。
=The two girls belong to one class.
The army and the people are of one family. 军民一家亲。
=The army and the people belong to one family.
Workers and peasants are of one family. 工人和农民是一家。
China and India are of the third world. 中国与印度同属于第三世界。
You and I are of the different political camps. 你我属于不同的政治阵营。
We are all of/belong to the Chinese nation. 我们同属华夏民族【中华民族古称】。
若be of前主语是集合名词,其后接“数词+复数名词”,可表主语的组成【此be of相当于be made up of】。
例:The committee is (made up) of seven people. 该委员会由7人组成。
Our class is (made up) of over 50 students. 我们班有50多个学生。
Our China is (made up) of fifty-six peoples. 我们中国有五十六个民族。
of表示人物的籍贯或出生——be of后接family或世系血统之类名词,表主语的根源性。
例:He was of a poor family. 他出身贫寒。
She was of a poor peasant family. 她出身贫农家庭。
They are of Irish descend. 他们是爱尔兰人的后代。
He flew high though he was of humble origin. 他虽出生低微,却胸怀大志。
The heroes and heroines are of ancient and aristocratic lineage.
那男女主人都是家世渊源的贵族。
“be of +形容词最高级”,相当于“be one of…”,或暗含“最…之一”。
例:His temper is of the quickest. 他的脾气是最急躁的。
This hat is of the latest fashion. 这顶帽子是最新流行的。
Conservation is of the utmost importance. 保护自然资源至关重要。
This school is of the best quality in this city. 这所学校在这个城市质量最佳。
Mr Liu is of the best teachers in our school. 刘老师是我们学校最好的老师之一。
“半系动词+ of介词短语”——变相的“be of+名词”结构
有几个半系动词如smell、taste、remain、prove、seem等,其后紧跟介词of,组成短语动词,后跟名词或名词词组,各自表示不同的含意。
smell of
例:This coat smells of mothballs. 这件衣服上有樟脑气味。
The fisherman’s house smells of fish. 渔民家总有股鱼腥味。
The house smells of fresh paint. 这房子有一股未干油漆的气味。
That room smells of stale cabbage. 那房间有股不新鲜的卷心菜气味。
taste of
例:This tea tasted of orange blossoms. 这茶有香橙花的味道。
The article tastes of the schools. 这篇文章带有学究气。
This pudding tastes of lemon/orange. 这布丁是柠檬/橘子味的。
It was a special tea which tasted of chrysanthemum. 它是一种有菊花味的特别茶叶。
remain of
例:After the fire, nothing remained of his house. 火灾之后,他家一无所有。
After the flood, nothing remained of the village. 洪灾之后这个村庄没剩下什么了。
Nothing remained of the body but bones and ashes. 那尸体只剩下一些骨头和骨灰。
Very little remained of the original building. 原来建筑物的残迹遗留下来的很少。
Ashes were all that remained of her books after the fire.大火过後,她的书已全部化为灰烬。
prove of
例:It will prove of little use. 结果会证明,它没有什么用。
All his efforts proved of little avail. 他的一切努力收效甚微。
Our discussions proved of the greatest value to us. 我们的讨论证明对我们极有价值。
It has proved of great assistance in such training. 事实证明,在这类训练中,它很有好处。
seem of
例:But nothing they did seemed of any use. 但他们的一切努力似乎都不起作用。
The egoism of an artist sometimes seems of natural. 艺术家的自负有时看起来是自然的。
They entreated and threatened,but all these seemed of no avail.
他们一会儿恳求,一会儿威胁,但这一切看来都没有用。
(未完待续)

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