英语词类手册 介词分册 第三章 英语介词from与of

第一节  英语介词from用法例析

 

编者  四川大竹  张有樑

 

（续前：一、介词from通常表达的词义含from的短语介词）

二、短语动词中的from

1.与be动词连用的from

be+from——主要意思是“来自...／从...来”。

be from +专用地名——from后跟省市名、国名、洲名等，表相应来自某地或是某地人。

例：The next train to arrive is from Nanjing. 下一列到站的火车来自南京。

I am from Shanghai and he is from Beijing. 我是上海人，他是北京人。

Her accent argues that she is from Dalian. 她的口音表明了她是大连人。

Judging by her accent, she must be from Sichuan. 听她的口音，她准是四川人。

She was from Henan, if I remember correctly. 她是河南人，如果我没记错的话。

Tang Dynasty eunuch Gao Lishi was from Gaozhou. 唐朝的宦官高力士就是高州人。

The next train to arrive was from Macao. 下一列到站的火车是从澳门开来的。

Larry, who is from Taiwan, is studying in America. 赖瑞是台湾人，他现在在美国念书。She was from HongKong, as I knew from her accent. 由他的口音我知道她是从香港来的。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。

Her friend Bruce is from London, too. 她的朋友布鲁斯也来自伦敦。

All departures are from Manchester. 所有离站班次都从曼彻斯特出发。

Jason Priestley is from Vacouver, Canada. 杰森普莱斯是加拿大温哥华人。

One of the students is from American. 其中有一个学生是美国人。

The junk food you eat is from America. 你所吃的垃圾食品来自于美国。

The largest contingent was from the United States. 最大的会议代表团来自美国。

We have a new classmate who is from Australia. 我们新来了个来自澳大利亚的同学。

Not every student in this classroom is from China. 这教室里并非每个学生都是来自中国。

 

be from +the +普通地点／星球名词——表示“从某处来／是某处某种人或物”

例：The cat is from the house next door. 这只猫是隔壁家的。

The weird cries are from the woods. 这怪叫声是从树林里传过来的。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳得到光和热的。

This female teacher is from the Lopa ethnic group. 这名女教师是珞巴族人。

 

be from +the +普通名词——可表人的出身、社会地位或某物的出处。

例：It is said that he was from a noble family. 据说他出身於贵族家庭。

He was from a long, great military tradition. 他来自一个军人世家。

You and Kate are from different worlds. 你和凯特是两个不同世界的人。

Tramps are from the lowest stratum of society. 流浪汉来自社会最下层。

They are from the rural areas, not from the cities. 他们来自乡村而不是城市。

I am sorry, I am from out of town myself. 对不起，我自己也是别处来的。

Our club members are from all walks of life. 我们俱乐部的成员来自各个阶层。

The reading today is from the Book of Daniel. 今天朗读的经文选自《丹尼尔书》。

 

be from +the +方位名词——表示“从某方向来／是某个方位的人”

例：Some of the students are from the North. 有些学生是北方人。

You’re from the northeast, aren’t you? 你是东北人，对吗?

Two thirds of the teachers are from the south. 三分之二的教师来自南方。

He’s from the west coast, near Bordeaux. 他是从西海岸波尔多港附近来的。

The prevailing wind here is from the south-west. 这里最常刮的风是西南风。

The news is from the southeastern country. 这个消息来自东南方向的村子。

He is from the South, and she is from (the) north. 他来自南方，而她来自北方。

From his accent, he must be from the south. 根据他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。

Most employees of the firm are from the northwest. 这家公司的多数雇员来自西北。

The easiest way to capture a fortress is from (the) within. 堡垒最容易从内部攻破。

 

be from +表人名词——表意“是某人送的、寄来的／打来电话”等。

例：I wonder who that letter was from. 我不知道是谁来的信。

The letter purported to be from the governor. 据称，该信来自州长。

The letters, in the main, were from his father. 这些信大部分是他父亲写来的。

This present is from an Indian friend of mine. 这个礼物是我的一个印度朋友送的。

The letter that I receive is from a friend of mine.我收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。

Just then, the phone rang, and it was from the boy.正在这时，电话铃响了，是男孩打来的。

 

be from +普通名词【多为抽象名词】——可表某种现象存在的原因。但应注意：from的本义就有表原由之用，并不一定只在与be连用。

例：Maybe it was from old age. 可能是年龄大了。

This scar is from the bite of a dog. 这是狗咬后留下的伤疤。

The cut on his face was from shaving. 他脸上的伤是刮脸所造成的。

If he did wrong, it was from ignorance. 如果他做错了, 那是由于无知。

但：The man was trembling from fear. 那人当时吓得发抖。

My muscles are sore from lifting weights. 我的肌肉因为举重而感到酸痛。

He wasn’t ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病，躺在床上是因懒惰之故。

 

be+形容词+from→及物短语动词

be averse from  不情愿

例：I am averse from any sort of fuss.   我讨厌任何无谓的纷扰。

They are averse from taking action.   他们不愿意采取行动。

He seems to be averse from doing hard work. 他似乎不愿做艰苦的工作。

My mother is averse from any kinds of gossip.  我母亲讨厌任何的闲言闲语。

 

be absent from... 缺席／不在

例：I was absent from workyesterday. 我昨天没去上班。

He was absent from the meeting. 他没有参加会议。　　

He was absent from home yesterday. 他昨天不在家。

Calcium is absent from his diet. 他的饮食中缺乏钙质。

Prejudice is absent from his mind. 他思想上没有成见。

He laid up and was absent from his affairs. 他卧病不能管事。

He was never long absent from my side. 他从未长时间离开过我的身边。

Susan was absent from class because she was ill. 苏珊没来上课，因为她病了。

特别提示：比较下面两句，因absent后所接介词不同所导致的含义变化

例：He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京(而在别处)。

He is absent in Beijing. 他不在这里而在北京。

 

be across from 在...对过／在...对面——但这across from短语也可不与be连用，而用作句子状语。

例：The store is across from the station. 那家店铺在车站的对面。

No, it is just across from the post office. 不远，就在邮局对过。

The square is across from the parking lot. 广场在停车场的对面。

The hospital is across from the supermarket. 医院在超市的对面。

Their house is just across from ours. 他们的房子就在我们家的对面。

The co-op was across from the bookstore. 那合作社曾在这书店对面。

The restaurant is across from the National Library. 那家饭馆在国家图书馆的对面。

Across from the park is an old hotel. 公园的对面是一家旧旅馆。【表语前置】

但：There’s a new hotel across from my home. 我家对面有一家新开的旅馆。【状语】

Just across from our house there’s a school. 就在我们房子的对面有一所学校。

How many times have you sat across from me? 多少次你坐在我的对面?

 

be away from 离开某地或某人

例：I supposed him to be away from home. 我猜他不在家。

He hated to be away from his family. 他很不愿意离开家。

He hasn’t been away from home before. 以前他从没有离开过家。

Be away from those unpleasant ones. 离那些让你不舒服的人远一点。

She will be away from her students for a week. 她将要离开同学们一个星期。

 

be different from 与...不同【be+形容词+from】

→←differ from 与...不同【不及物动词+from】

例：Their school is different from ours. 他们的学校与我们的不同。【be different from】

His view of life is different from yours. 他的人生观与你的不同。

American cars are different from ours.  美国造的汽车和我们的不一样。

His character is very different from his wife’s. 他和他妻子的性格迥然不同。

This isn’t materially different from the old system. 这和旧制度并无很大不同。

Chinese cuisine is very different from European. 中国烹饪与欧洲烹饪有很大区别。

→Our tastes differ from each other. 我们的嗜好不同。【differ from】

I take leave to differ from you. 恕我冒昧，我不敢苟同。

We differ from them on the issue. 我们在这个问题上与他们意见不一。

American civilization differs from ours. 美国的社会和生活方式和我们的不同。

His opinion differs from mine in one respect. 他的意见和我的有一点不同之处。

特别提示：be different from中的介词from可变

A 其中的介词 from在英国英语中也可换成 to，在美国英语中也可换成 than，但两者均不如用 from 普遍。

例：He is different to you. 他和你不一样。

Their system is different to ours. 他们的制度和我们的不同。

Civil law is different to criminal law.  民法与刑法是不同的。

She is quite different than we thought. 她跟我们原来想象的大不一样。

His way of living is different than ours. 他的生活方式跟我们的不同。

City life is very different than country life. 城市生活与农村生活很不相同。

B 但是，若其后接的是一个没有引导词的句子，通常用than。

例：Note that your result value is different than the result value shows here.

请注意，您所得到的 result 值与这里所显示的 result 值是不同的。

When we discover that the problem is different than we thought, we rewrite.  

       当发现问题并非我们所想象的那样后，可以重写程序。

This is different than the insoluble scrubbers were found in other scrub products.

这一点和已有的其他非可溶性磨砂类产品不同。

C 若其后接的是一个以what引导的从句，则也可用than、from或to均可。

例：She is quite different than／from／to what we thought.  她跟我们原来想象的大不一样。

It is very different to what I’m used to. 这与我所习惯的大不相同。

Data read is different than what is expected. Data transfer aborted.   

数据读取跟要求的不一样。数据传送被终止。

What other people want from life may be different from what you want. 

你想从生活中得到的可能与别人不同。

 

　be distinct from 与…不同／有别于…

例：Reading is distinct from writing. 阅读与写作不同。

Those two ideas are distinct from each other.  这两种观点迥然不同。

Mozart’s style is quite distinct from Haydn’s.  莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同。

The Spanish temperament is distinct from that of the Portuguese. 

西班牙人的气质有别于葡萄牙人。

 

be far from 离…很远／远远不／远非

例：Our school is far from the station. 我们学校离车站很远。　　

His birthday is not far from mine. 他的生日和我的生日相隔不远。　　

His work is far from (being) satisfactory. 他的工作丝毫不令人满意。　　

His explanation was far from satisfactory.  他的解释一点也不令人满意。

Alice was sure that Tom was far from happy.  爱丽丝确信，汤姆远远不是很快乐。

 

be free from  摆脱／没有…／不受…／从…起有空——也可有时将介词from 换成 of。

例：The city is free from thieves. 这个城市没有盗贼。

A judge must be free from prejudice.   法官必须不抱成见。

People in there are free from want and fear. 生活在那里的人民可免于匮乏及恐惧。

He had the good fortune to be free from illness all his life. 他命好，一辈子没生病。

How long will you be free from two this afternoon?从今下午两点起你有多长时间的空?

I’ll be free from two to three this afternoon.  今天下午两点到三点我有空。

也：The city is free of thieves. 这个城市没有盗贼。

The ship was free of the harbor.   那艘船离开了港囗。

Most of the roads are now free of snow. 现在大多数路都已没有积雪了。

 

be safe from  不会遭到…的危险／免受…的伤害

例：She was safe from her enemies.  她不会受到仇敌的伤害。

The house is not safe from theft.  这房子不安全，容易被盗。

I really can’t laugh at it. You are safe from me. 我的确不能再讥笑你了，你放心好了。

I have to hide the food so it will be safe from my dog.我要把食物藏起来，以免我的狗偷吃。

 

be +过去分词+ from

be made from 由…制造——有一个近义结构“be made of (由…组成／由…构成)”，此两者的区别在于：前者制出之物已看不出原材料；而从后者所成物的组成，则能够明显看出是用的什么原料。

例：This bottle of oil is made from castor. 这瓶油是用蓖麻制成的。【be made from】

Marmalade is made from bitter orange. 橘子酱是用带皮酸橙制成。

Most beers are made from barley. 多数种类的啤酒是用大麦酿制的。

Water can be made from oxygen and hydrogen. 水是由氧和氢组成的。

Bricks and dishes are made from various kinds of clay. 砖和盘子由各种粘土制成。

The floor was made of wooden blocks. 这地板是用木块拼成的。【be made of】

These shoes are made of quality leather. 这些鞋是用高级皮革制成的。

These appliances are made of stainless iron. 这些器具是用不锈钢制成的。

These buildings are made of concrete and steel. 这些房屋是用钢筋混凝土建成的。

The lavatory windows are made of translucent glass. 厕所窗户是用半透明玻璃做的。

 

be hidden from 被隐藏

例：It was fortunately hidden from view. 幸亏它被隐藏起来了。

The future is hidden from everyone. 未来是每个人都难以预测的。

The house was hidden from sight behind some trees. 房子藏在树林后面。

The valley was hidden from view in the mist. 溪谷隐没在雾霭之中，看不见了。

The house was hidden from view by a row of tall trees.

这座房子被一排高大的树木遮掩住了。

 

be tired from因为…而疲劳／因…而劳累——但tired from也可脱离be而单独使用表原因，意为“由于”。

例：I was tired from having sat up all night. 我因熬夜而感到疲倦。

His father was tired from long work. 他父亲因长时间工作而疲惫不堪。

My eyes were tired from too much reading. 我的眼睛因看书过多而疲劳。

The workers were tired from their day-long work. 工人们干了一天的活，非常疲劳。

I expect／imagine that you are tired from the trip／journey.  我想你旅途劳累了。

但：Tired from running as fast as I can. 我由于奋力快跑，感觉很疲倦。

Tired from my journey, I retired early. 由于旅途劳顿，我很早回房睡了。

Tired from her walk she slumped down onto the sofa. 她走累了，一屁股坐到沙发上。

（未完待续）