英语词类手册介词分册第二章第九节英语介词after用法例析
(2018-10-04 22:17:18)
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英语介词after |
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英语词类手册介词分册 第二章 几个A头介词与几个B头介词
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第九节 英语介词after用法例析
一、after及其习用介词短语
1.兼类多义的after
我们初学者最先接触到的after恐怕都是属于介词,其实after还常用作连词,也可用作形容词和副词。
非介词用法的after
形容词after“以后的/往后的”——用作名词前置定语,位在名词与冠词或介词之间。
例:The
after
Sure, we have a good after sale service. 当然肯定,我们的售后服务很好。
Complaint is piling up about
In
Just as
He grew weak in after years. 在以后的几年里,他身体越来越衰弱了。【在介词后面】
副词after“后来/(一段时间)以后”——after用作副词通常要放在另一时间副词之后,一般多是出现在几个固定搭配的词组或短语中,如soon after、ever
after等【例见后“副词+after”】;有时也见副词after直接用于名词之后,如:the day after(第二天/次日)、two days after
例:He
returned twenty years after.
We had dinner and went home after. 我们吃完晚饭后就回家了。【go home回家】
Tom went on Monday, and Mary
left
John came last Tuesday, and I
arrived
He left on Thursday and returned two days after. 他星期四离开,两天后回来。
He was seized with illness, and died two days after. 他受到疾病的侵染,死于两天后。
He fell ill on Monday and
died
The
Bisho
They came at noon and
left
Three hours after
但:I saw them after I arrived. 我到达后看到过他们。 【连词】
The new reading lamp broke two days after I bought it 新买的台灯隔天就坏了。
His mother died
Ok, we’ll come at
eleven
I bought the book
Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他。
The patient came to his
senses
If today is
Wednesday,
今天要是星期三,后天就是星期五。
连词after“在…以后”——连词after引导的时间状语从句如果具有将来意义,往往要用一般现在时来表示【有时也用现在完成时】,而不能直接用一般将来时;若是过去某一时间内先后发生了两个动作,由于after本身已说明了两个动作的先后关系,所以主句和从句两者均可用一般过去时。
例:I’ll tell him after you leave/have left. 你走了之后我再告诉他。
After he (had) closed the door, he left the house. 关了门之后,他就离开了家。
Poor Lionel went to
pieces
I found your
coat
His odds are very
poor
The sun burst
through
介词after的用法
表示时间“在…以后/超过【美】”——这是after用得最多的基本词义。而且,after介词短语有时有时可以替换以连词after引导的时间状语从句,而意义不变。
例:It’s ten after eight. 现在是八点十分。【美语表(…点)过(…分)的表达结构】
It’s almost a quarter after two. 就快两点一刻了。【英语中after处用past】
He had had a
blackout
Rose bushes shoot
again
He
departed
The eggs began to
decompose
After
After
After
且:He went to school after breakfast【=after he had breakfast】.
吃了早饭之后,他就上学去了。【介词after】
I went to bed after l had finished【=After having finished / After finishing / Having】my work.
我干完活后就去睡觉了。【连词after】
表示位置、顺序“在…后面/随…之后/跟在…之后”——表时间、次序都属介词after的基本词义。
例:Blacken after combing once. 一梳即黑。【先梳后黑表顺序】
I wrote my name after Penny’s. 我把自己的名字写在彭尼的下面。
The road turns to the
left
A few kilometres after the village, turn right. 过了村庄之后再前行几公里,向右转。
The door shut with a
bang
Some people
were
表示原因“由于/鉴于/因为/以…之故/考虑到”——此乃after引申意义之一,当其时间概念被降到次要地位而突出了原因时,after短语就可以被视为原因状语。
例:The town was forced
to yield
After
You must be feeling tired, after that long walk. 你走了那么长路,一定觉得累了吧。
He succeeded in solving the
problem
He was fired from his job after roughing up a colleague. 【rough up殴打/伤害】
他因为对一位同事动粗而被开除了。
A safety installation was fixed to the
machine
鉴于好几个人受了伤,在机器上安装了一个安全设备。
表示条件“与…一致/符合”
例:Only
He was a boy after the
hopes and expectations of his parents.
他是一个没有辜负父母期望的(好)孩子。
表示方式“模仿/仿照/像”
例:That is a statue after classical models. 那是一座古典样式的雕塑。
She ranfast
as if the devil
were
表示依据“以…之名而命名”
例:He was
named
She was called Emily, after her grandmother. 她叫艾米丽,和她祖母的名字一样。
The strait was
named
He has a street named after him in New
York.
He persuaded Virginia to name the
baby
Phillimore Island is named after Sir Robert Phillimore
菲利莫尔岛以罗伯特·菲利莫尔爵士的名字命名。
表示目标“追求/追寻;觊觎/希望得到”——after表此义多是用作表语。
例:He is
after【=He wants】Rick’s
job!
She’s
I did eventually find what I was after. 我最终找到了我想要的东西。
The hounds were in full
cry
The dog was after the rabbit like a shot.【like a shot立即/乐意地/飞快地】
那只狗飞快地追赶着兔子。
表示比较“位于…之后/次于/亚于”
例:He ranked
Jonson
His book is the best on the
subject
他的书对这一问题的论述是最好的,仅次于我的书。
The UK was the second biggest importer of
coal,
英国是第二大煤炭进口国,仅次于德国。
After Germany, America is Britain’s second-biggest customer
对于英国来说,美国是仅次于德国的第二大客户。
(未完待续)