英语词类手册介词分册 第二章 几个A头介词与几个B头介词

第八节 英语介词among与between用法例析㈣

 

编者  四川大竹  张有樑

 

（续前：二、between 的具体用法 1.介词between意“在其间”）

2. between同among用法的区别

前面已经分别讲述了among和between这对近义介词的用法，都意“在某个范围之中”，但among专指在多者之间，而between则专指两者之间。下面再作一些比较：

专用于多者间的among——在三个或三个以上都可定为多者。

介词among一般用于三者或三者以上的“在…中间”，其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或者是具有复数或集合意义的名词或代词。

例：She sat among the children． 她坐在孩子们中间。【复数名词】

They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。

Someone is wrong among you.  你们中间有人错了。【复数代词】

He is easily the best player among us. 他无疑是我们中间最好的运动员。

I found it among a pile of old books. 我在一堆旧书中找到了它。【笼统数量】

The river Till strained among some scores of willow -covered, marshy islets.   

铁尔河蜿蜒在几十个长满了柳树的沼泽小岛之间。

 

among可用来引出最高级的比较范围。

例：The book is the best among the modern novels. 在现代小说中这本是最好的。

I believe she sings the best among all the girls. 我相信在所有的女孩子中她唱的最好!

What I like most among hundred flowers is the rose. 百花之中我最爱的是玫瑰花。

       Which affect you most among the Olympics moments? 那些奥运瞬间，哪个最让你感动?

 

among与the first或形容词最高级连用，还可表示“是…当中的一个”，相当于one of。

例：I was among the first to come. 我是来得最早的一个。

China was among the first signatory states. 中国是该条约首批签字国之一。

Paris is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。

These books are still among my most treasured possessions.

这些书仍然是我最珍爱的宝贝之一。

Amongthe most spectacular sights are the great sea-bird colonies.

庞大的海鸟群是最壮观的景象之一。

Yokohama is among／one of the largest seaports in the Far East.

横滨为远东最大港口之一。【Yokohama[jukh:m]横滨(日本本州岛东南岸港市)】

 

意指两者之间的between——主要指“介于其间的地方或时间”。

between 一般指两者之间，其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词，或者是由and连接的两个人或物。

例：There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。

The closeness between the two was obvious. 他俩之间的亲密显而易见。

He sailed the boat between the islands. 他驾驶着船在这两岛之间航行。

Children must attend school between 5 and 16.    5至16岁的孩子必须上学。

Brunch is a cross between breakfast and lunch.    早午餐是介于早餐与午餐的中间餐。

The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.

这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。

 

  两个以上的人或物用and连接时，也可用between。

例：That is between A, B and C.  那是在甲、乙、丙三者之间。

This will concern between your, my and his interests. 这将关系到你、我、他的利益。

Most humans enter the world in a state of communion between body, soul and earth.

大多数人都是在一个保持身体、灵魂与地球交融的状态中进入世界的。

 

若多者涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时，也可用between。

例：The relations between various countries are very delicate. 各国之间的关系十分微妙。

This is the difference between the three of them 这就是他们三者之间的区别。

There does not seem much difference between the three of them.

这三者之间似乎没有很大的区别。

 

在share、divide或distribute 等意表“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时，用among或between均可。【动词后的几个单数名词前只能用between】

例：Share out the books among the class. 把书分发给全班。【全班人多用among】

Let’s share the profits between us. 我们两人平分利润吧。【强调均分用between】

They share the housework equally between them.他们平等分担家务。

The housework is shared among the family members.  家庭成员一起分担家务劳动。

Cabinet posts will be shared between their nominees. 内阁的职位将由他们提名的人瓜分。

After his death his property was shared between his children. 他死后, 财产由孩子们平分。

The expense involved will be shared among us.  所花费用将由我们共同负担。

Instead, electrons are shared among many atoms.    这样，电子就为许多原子所共有。

The woman cut up the watermelon and shared it out among the four children.

那妇人把西瓜切开，分给四个小孩。

The bequest was divided among the relatives.    这笔遗产在亲属中分配。

The estate will be divided among the heirs.    财产将被分发到继承者手中。

Her estate was divided between her three children.    她的遗产分给了她的三个子女。

The big loaf was divided between／among them five.    那只大面包给他们五个人分。

Mr Wang divided his money among／between his five sons. 王先生把钱分给了五个儿子。

She divided her possessions equally between her four children.

她把自己的财物平均分给了她的四个孩子。

I divide my time between preparing for the class, teaching, and correcting the exercises．

我把时间分别用在备课、上课与批作业上。

Distribute these pamphlets among them before you leave, will you?

请你在离开之前把这些小册子发给他们好吗?

Voters had seven votes to distribute among 11 candidates.

选民们要在11个候选人当中投出7张票。

The aphids of Hormaphidinae disjunctively distribute between East Asia and North America.

现代扁蚜亚科间断分布于欧亚大陆(欧洲与东亚)和北美洲。

One member of each pair was assigned an amount of money to distribute between him or herself and the partner. 每组中的一个成员负责分配一笔钱给他自己和他的同伴。

 

3. 含between的习用短语

以between开头的习惯用语

“between … and…”结构——表述两个或两个以上的人或事物处于并列状态用此结构。

←→between and——无确定语意，需据上下文定义；基本是between表and后名词之对立。

例：What is the difference between this and that?    这个和那个之间的区别是什么？【用于两者】

Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?    吸烟与肺部疾病之间有关系吗？

I’m usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. 我通常在星期二与星期四之间有空。

He divided his time evenly between work and play. 他把时间一半用来工作，一半用于娱乐。

There’s no analogy between his opinion, yours and mine.    【用于多者】

他的见解与你我的并无相似之处。

Between making beds, washing dishes, sewing and raising her children, she was kept busy．

铺床、洗碗、缝补和带孩子使她忙得不可开交。

→Is the affection between and person so dilettante really?

人与人之间的情感真的这么浅薄么?

Yet the prospect of a deal between and Israelis still beckons.

尽管如此，以巴之间达成协议的前景依然诱人。

Dumpish as I am, I still sensed the difference between and lust.

愚钝如我, 仍能嗅出爱恋与欲念的区别。

Create much more value and shorten distance between and our company.

我们的承诺就是为了给您创造更多价值，使我们之间保持零距离

Roaming is fully automatic between and all countries covered by GSM system.

由gsm覆盖的国内或国际区域其漫游是完全自动的。

【GSM=Global System for Mobile communications 全球数字移动电话系统】

Huoxiang a dragon, the twists and turns, the cross between and earth. 【不完整句】

活像一条巨龙, 蜿蜒曲折, 横于天地之间。【huoxiang(汉语拼音)活像,“宛若”之意】

 

between you and me (位置)在你我中间／只限于咱俩之间——“between … and…”专用

←→between A and B  在A与B之间

例：He will be seated between you and me.    他将坐在你和我之间。

He’s too big to travel bodkin between you and me. 他个子太大，无法挤在你我中间。

It is a secret between you and me.    这是你我之间的秘密。

No analogy exists between you and me.    你和我之间没有相似之处。

He is sowing discord between you and me.    他在挑拨我们两人之间的关系。

Between you and me, Howard is a stick.    咱俩私下说说，霍华德是个呆头呆脑的人。

Between you and me, he’s not very reliable. 这是只有你我之间才说，他不是很可靠。

→It was a straight choice between A and B.   不是选A就是选B。

The first prize was divided between A and B.    头奖由A和B／甲乙二人分享。

The meeting between A and B took place in Shanghai.   甲乙双方在上海会见。

The feeder line between A and B does operate well.    A区到B区的馈线传送有问题。

There is a little／no／great difference between A and B. 

A 和B之间有些／没有／有很大的区别。

 

 between ourselves 私下里／秘密地／不要告诉别人

例：Come, we’ll have a word between ourselves.    来，我们私下说句话。

I want to ask a question just between ourselves.   我想私下问你一个问题。

What we said today is just between ourselves. 我们今天说的别告诉别人

Well, I can tell you, but it is between ourselves.  嗨，我可以告诉你，但是只能你我知道。

Between ourselves, I don’t think he will live much longer. 咱们私下说说，他活不久了。

The matter is highly classified. It is between ourselves.    这件事高度机密，不能告诉别人。

Between ourselves, that young man’s hair is much too long. 

就咱俩之间说说，那小伙子的头发实在是太长了。

 

between meals  在两餐之间

例：She’s fond of taking snacks between meals.    她喜欢在两餐饭间吃零食。

It’s a principle of mine not to eat between meals. 两餐之间不吃零食是我的一个准则。

Don’t spoil your appetite by eating between meals.  不要在两餐之间吃东西，以免影响胃口。

To be taken between meals without other medicine. 两餐之间服用，不要与其他药物同时服。

 

between whiles  时常／有时／间或／不时

例：Between whiles, I unconsciously noticed her walk in front of me for several meters.   

时常，也会在路上不经意间看见她就走在前面距我几米远处。

With drooping heads and tremulous tails, they mashed their way through the thick mud, floundering and stumbling he between whiles, as if they were falling to pieces at the large joints.   

几匹马低着头、摇着尾，踩着深深的泥泞向前走着，时而歪斜，时而趔趄，仿佛要从大骨节处散了开来。

 

between two fires 遭受两面夹攻／腹背受敌／左右为难

例：The enemy is caught between two fires, from within and without.  敌人内外交困。

They decided to retreat lest they would be between two fires.   

他们决定撤退, 否则就要受到两面夹击。

The reactionary authorities are between two fires and have been discredited.   

反动当局弄得进退维谷，不得人心。

What with war and what with famine, the populace at large were caught between two fires.   

又是打仗又闹饥荒，平民百姓处于水深火热之中。【the populace at large一般平民】

 

between wind and water 在船的吃水线／在要害处

例：That shot was a settler; It struck poor Sage right between wind and water.

那一枪是致命的, 它恰恰击中了可怜的塞奇的要害部位。

This politician is noted for his witty retorts which usually hit his opponents between wind and water. 

这位政治家以善于巧妙反驳对手而闻名，他那巧妙的反驳每每击中对方的要害

 

between the cup and the lip  正处于将成末成之际／正在重要关头

例：There is many a slip between the cup and the lip. 举杯近唇常失手。

Between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip.    吃到嘴里的才算是你的。

Many things fall between the cup and the lip.

物未到手前，未能算己有。／凡事难以十拿九稳。

There’s many a slip between the cup and the lip! Who knows what may happen.   

事情往往功败垂成，谁知道将会发生什么。

                                                         （未完待续）