英语词类手册介词分册第二章第八节介词among与between用法例析㈠
(2018-09-17 10:28:59)
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介词among与between |
分类: 英语语法词类 |
因长期与病魔相搏而误了发博,现上接2017年6月8日所发博文“第二章第七节along”继续
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英语词类手册介词分册 第二章 几个A头介词与几个B头介词㈠
编者
第八节 among与between用法例析
一、among是个纯介词
从某一词义讲,介词among与between可谓近义词,它们都有“在…之间”的意思,但实际用来却是大有区别的——因为还有其它一些词义各有不同。
1. 介词 among所能表达的词义
among真能“八面玲珑”
表示位置——处在…地点/周围是/为…所环绕或环抱(surrounded by sb./sth.)
例:They live among the mountains. 他们住在群山之中。
He lives in a house among the trees. 他住在一栋树木环绕的房子里。
The
train snaked its
way
Birds
had begun to
chirp
Several
columns
表示环境——与…在一起/处于…(人群)中(along with sb./sth.)【环境具人为动态因素】
例:My wife was there among
others.
I
can’t speak fluently among
strangers.
He
climbed up the tree and
hid
These
views were
common
Unemployment among married women reached a
peak.
A uniformed chauffeur identified me among the crowd.
一个穿制服的司机在人群中认出了我。
表示范围——在…之内(共有)/为…所分享/是…中之一(in the number of)
例:I was among the last to leave. 我是最终离去者之一.
Among the blind the one-eyed man is
king.
The
profits will be dealt
out
He
divided his property among his
sons.
We
had less than 100 yuan among
us.
The
expense involved will be
shared
Africa was once parceled out among the European powers. 非洲一度为欧洲列强所瓜分。
Wealth was redistributed more equitably among society.
财富实现了在社会中更加公平地再分配。
表示关系——相互间/彼此 (between)
例:They quarreled among
themselves.
Soon
they began to
fight
They
numbered her
The directors have been arguing among themselves.经理们内部(各人之间)一直争论不休。
The
teacher had to reconcile
disputes
There’s a lot of
disagreement
对这一问题,政治家们有很大分歧。
表示所属——为…所特有/为…所熟悉(owned specially by sb./sth.;known by all)
例:This is a custom among the
Germans.
I
should reckon
this
Most
emigrants
Moral
taint has
spread
He
included some bad
debts
Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness.
她有许多的美德,如忠诚、勇敢和诚实。
表示排斥——除…之外(还有)【义同介词besides】
例:He,
除了别的话,他还谈了当前的形势。
My
roommates are very keen on bridge
cards
我同房间的人,除了其他活动外,还喜欢玩桥牌。
The conference discussed,
among other things, the problem of environmental
protection.
除了其他问题以外,会上还讨论了环保问题。
表示方式——以…联合行动(concerted action by sth.)
例:They earned a fortune among
themselves.
We can certainly lift the table among us. 我们一起来肯定能抬起这张桌子。
Authority was
distributed
She
has been racketing
around
她一直与大富翁为伴,过著花天酒地的生活。
表示比较——与…相比较而突出于(comparing with sb./sth.)。
例:She is the tallest among her
classmates.
Shakespeare is a
giant
She is the tallest among her classmates. 她在她同学之中是最高的。
He
felt he did not
belong
Among his entourage was a retired general. 他的随行人员中有一位退休的将军。
Dancing and singing
were
among的异体字
amongst——amongst与among同义,是among的古体形态。也就是说,among是由amongst演变而来,现在基本不用,尤其在美国不用amongst;现只用在一些比较专业的领域,比如诗歌。所以有人这么说:“一般而言,among总能替代amongst,而amongst则不然。”
例:They
quarreled
Politicians are always arguing amongst themselves. 政客们总是彼此争论不休。
He
was only one
London is amongst the greatest cities of the world. 伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
He dodged amongst the seething crowds of men. 他在川流不息的人群中东躲西闪。
amid——亦与among同义,它们均含“在…之间/在…之中”之意。只是amid为正式用词,侧重指在某个地块的中间或被某个东西包围着,常用表在非同类者中间而引人注目的情景。amid又作amidst,是书面语,比较文气,口语中用among。
例:A church
stands
He
drank off the
wine
They
live
The
meeting broke
up
The
tower stood
He
stood
firm
(未完待续)