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英语词类手册介词分册 第二章 几个A头介词与几个B头介词

 

编者  四川大竹  张有樑

第四节  英语介词as用法例析(上)㈠

英语单词as，从组词结构看，它由两字母结成，是最为简单的单词之一；但从使用角度讲，它又是相对繁杂的单词之一。as多是用作连词或代词，也可用作副词，这里只着重解说它充当介词的用法。

 

一、英语as的介词常用法

1. 单独运用的as介词短语

我们知道，英语的介词是不能独自使用的，它必须与其后的宾语一起结成介词短语才有使用价值；所以我们这里所说的“介词as表达语意”，实际是通过“as介词短语”体现出来。

⑴介词as所能表达的语意

①介词as意表“作为／充当／以...的身份”——介词as大多意表此义。

例：I’d like to say something as a mediator. 作为主持人，我想说明一下。

She works as an interpreter in that company. 她在该公司里担任翻译员。

He came to China as a tourist five years ago. 他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。

She didn’t think much of him as a painter. 她对他作为一位画家评价不高。

I do not think much of her as a musician. 她作为一名音乐家，我认为不怎么样。

As her private secretary, he has access to all her correspondence.

作为她的私人秘书，他能接触到她所有的信件。

 

②.as意为“像／如同／跟…一样”——须与某些动词意义相配合才能展现出这类as短语的意思。

例：It flew straight as an arrow. 它直飞如箭。

They got united as one man. 他们团结得像一个人一样。

The thief disguised himself as a policeman. 那贼乔装打扮成个警察。

On this issue they thought as one. 在这个问题上，他们想法一致。

The staff speak as one man on this issue. 在这个问题上全体职员意见一致。

The old woman was dressed as a young lady. 这位老妇人打扮得像一位年轻人。

特别提示：区别近义介词as与like

as和like都可以作介词，但实质意义不同。as表示“以实际的身份或地位显现事实”；而like则表示“与…相似／以与…相类似的方式”，显示表象，不是事实。

比较：He spoke as a teacher. 他作为老师发言／他以老师的身份发言。

He spoke like a teacher. 他讲话很像是老师。【实际他不是teacher】

They talked as old friends. 他们是作为老朋友在交谈。

They talked like old friends. 他们像老朋友一样交谈。【实际不是老朋友】

Let me speak to you as a father. 我以父亲的身份和你讲话。【说话者是听者的父亲】

Let me speak to you like a father.让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话。【说者不是听者父亲】

 

③as意表“以…的形式”那样出现——与适当动词配用。

例：He poses as a friend. 他摆出一副朋友的样子。

It exits as a kind of a liquid. 它以一种液体的形式存在着。

We all start life as babies. 我们都是从婴儿开始人生的旅程。

 

④as表示目的，意为“以…为目的／(把…)当作”。——通常结成固定搭配。／

例：I only said it as a joke. 我只是开玩笑说说而已。

We had better treat it as a joke. 我们最好把它当作玩笑。

The dykes were built as a protection against the sea. 建筑堤坝是为了防止海水泛滥。

He wore a thick overcoat as a protection against the bitter cold.

他穿著厚实的大衣以抵御严寒。

 

⑤as表“由于…的理由／因为是…原因”——也可视为as being的省略形式。

例：He was detained as (being) suspects. 他因是嫌疑犯而被拘留。

As (being) a gardener, he’ll take care of all flowers. 因是作园丁，他会照料所有的花。

He was late as a result of the snow. 由于下大雪，他迟到了。【as a result of由于…的结果】

 Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment. 由于放疗，她开始掉头发。

 

⑥as意为“(在剧中)扮演…的角色／起了…作用”。

例：The illustration shows Mr.John as prince in Hamlet.

这个插图说明约翰先生在《哈姆雷特》一剧中扮演王子这个角色。

In the TV drama “the Song of Ice and Fire”, it was the England actor Elia Stark as Maisie Williams.

 在电视剧《冰与火之歌》中，是由英格兰籍演员麦茜·威廉姆斯扮演埃利亚·斯塔克。

 

⑦as表“当某人还在…的时候”——相当于连词when，用以追溯过去。

例：As a child【=When he was a child】he was rather naughty. 他小时候挺淘气。

As a little boy he began to learn to play piano. 他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。

As a young man, he was active in sports. 他年轻时，在体育活动方面就很活跃。

As a little girl, she was sent to three different countries. 她儿时就去过三个不同的国家。

As a schoolboy, he showed every sign of genius.

当他还是个小学生的时候，就显示出了天资聪慧。

 

⑵as介词短语的句法功能

介词as单独使用时，由它构成的介词短语可以充当状语、表语、定语、宾语补足语或主语补足语等句子成分；介词as所表达最基本的意思是“作为…／以…方式”。

①as介词短语大多与不及物动词配合，用作方式状语——as短语表明该动词所表动作之行为方式。

例：She works as a nurse. 她作为一名护士工作。【= She is a nurse.】

He worked as a cashier in a bank. 他在一家银行当出纳员。

He worked as a magistrate after graduation. 他毕业后任地方行政长官。

This came as a surprise, I must say. 我得说这真是个意外。

Her resolute refusal came as a surprise. 她的坚决拒绝令人感到意外。

Maybe I can act as a messenger for you. 也许我能给你当信差。

She paid her way by acting as a guide. 她当导游维持生活。【pay one’s way支付生活费】

She has served as a model for several painters. 她当了好几位画家的模特儿。

These philosophical views serve as a guide in life. 这些哲学观点可以作为处世指南。

 

②有些位于句首的as介词短语【多用逗号分隔】，有的位在句子后部，也通常属于句子的状语，但不一定是作为某一种状语。

例：As a writer, he was famous．作为作家，他是很有名的。

As a result, daily output has doubled. 结果日产量翻了一番。

As a whole, this article is well written. 总的说来，这篇文章写得很好。

We must consider those matters as a whole. 我们必须全盘考虑这些事。

As a taxi-driver you really see life. 你开计程车，可真是见多识广了。【see life 交游广／见世面】

As a student, we should try our best to study. 作为一名学生，我们应当尽最大努力学习。

As a League member, I’ll take the lead in everything.作为一名团员，我都要事事身先士卒。

 

③as介词短语常用作某些复宾动词的宾语补足语——主动句中作宾语补足语，被动句中为主语补足语。

例：Don’t treat me as an idiot. 别把我当傻瓜。【主动句】

He describes himself as a doctor. 他自称是医生。【描述宾语himself 是doctor】

【若去掉as：He describes himself a doctor.(句意同上), 便是名词a doctor作宾补】

He used his umbrella as a weapon. 他把雨伞当作武器。【宾语umbrella当weapon】

I look on teaching as a great experience. 我将教书视为一种很好的经验。

She spoke of me as her dearest friend. 她谈起我犹如我是她最亲密的朋友。

You mustn’t think of me as (being) unhappy. 你一定不要认为我不高兴。

They denounced him to the police as a criminal. 他们向警方告发他是罪犯。

A forerign language can be used as a tool. 外语可以被用作工具。【被动句】

I am treated as a guest. 我像客人那样被对待。【被动句：被当作客人对待】

She has been held up as a model worker. 她被推举为模范工作者。

Hillary was invited as an honored guest to this meeting. 希拉里作为嘉宾应邀出席会唔。

Guanyuan is well known as a legendary place. 有人说，四川广元是一块充满传奇的地方。

English is spoken as the first language by most people in Australia.

在澳大利亚，大多数人把英语作为第一语言。

 

④as介词短语也常在简单句中作主语的同位语——用以表明主语的身份。

例：She is famous as a singer. 她作为一名歌手而闻名。

He was famous as a soldier. 作为军人，他很有名望。

She is a possibility as a wife for me. 她是适合做我妻子的人。

Lu Xun was famous as a great writer. 鲁迅以一位伟大的作家而著称。

Comrade Lu stands forth as a model worker. 陆同志表现突出，是一个劳动模范。

The old man, as a scintist, is strict in his work. 那老人作为一个科学家，对工作一丝不苟。

 

⑤as介词短语有时也用作定语或表语

例：I found a job as a teacher. 我找到了一份当教师的工作。【定语】

I analyzed his words as a whole. 我是把他的言论作为一个整体来分析的。

The population as a whole is／are in favour of the reform. 全体人民普遍拥护改革。

The risk is as nothing compared to the gain. 所冒风险与所得相比不足挂齿。【表语】

He claimed that he was as an only legal heritor. 他声称自己是唯一合法的继承人。

                                         （未完待续）