中考语法专题复习-被动语态
一.语态
语态:表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:Many students study English.(主动语态)
English is studied by many students.(被动语态)
二.被动语态的结构
主语+be+done+by+宾语。
如:The desk is made of wood.
The desks are made of wood.
He is asked a question by the teacher.
三.主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)一般现在时的被动语态结构:am/is/are+过去分词
E.g:
1.Many students study English.
English is studied by many students.
2.They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes are made by them in that factory.
Practice:
They play football on Sunday.
Lucy does the homework in the evening.
They often use computers in class.
We make these machines in Beijing.
(2)一般过去时的被动语态结构:was/were +过去分词
E.g. :
1. They bought ten computers last term.、
Ten computers were bought by them last term.
2. We planted many trees last year.
Many trees were planted last year.
Practice:
They built the tall building last year.
He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
We cleaned our classroom just now.
They used this room for resting.
(3)一般将来时的被动语态结构:will be+过去分词
E.g. :
1.They will finish the work in ten days.
The work will be finished by them in ten days.
2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.
The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.
Practice:
We will have a sports meeting next week.
Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.
The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.
(4) 现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has +been +过去分词
E.g. :
1.We have made twenty more keys.
Twenty more keys have been made by us.
2.We have finished our compositions.
Our compositions have been finished by us.
Practice:
He has eaten the apple.
Lucy has put the book on the desk.
They have drunk the water.
They have finished the work.
(5) 含有情态动词的被动语态结构:can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
E.g.:
1.Amy can take good care of Gina .
Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.
2.You should drink more water.
More water should be drunk by you.
Practice:
He can take care of the baby.
Lucy may draw the pictures.
You must turn off the lights.
They should learn English well.
(6)现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are + being +过去分词
E.g.:
1.Some workers are painting the rooms now.
The rooms are being painted by some workers now.
2.He is watching TV.
TV is being watched by him.
Practice:
He is reading the book.
They are cleaning the classroom now.
The boy is listening to the tape now.
The girl is washing the clothes.
四.小结
时态
|
被动语态结构
|
一般现在时
|
am/is/are done
|
一般过去时
|
was/were done
|
一般将来时
|
shall/will/be going to be done
|
现在完成时
|
have/has been done
|
现在进行时
|
am/is/are being done
|
情态动词
|
情态动词+be+done
|
五.课堂检测
把下列句子变成被动语态:
1.A car knocked him down yesterday.
2.We’ll put on the play next Sunday.
3.They had completed the railway by the end of last year.
4.They often clean their classroom after school .
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
5. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week .
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .
6.A lot of people in China can speak English now .
English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now.
7. I have learned English for about two years.
English ______ ______ ______ for about two years.
8. They will publish these story-books next month.
These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.
六.Summary and homework
用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空:
1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ (send)up into space ?
2. Last year vegetables _______ (grow)in the garden by Tom and he ______ (sell)them himself.
3. She ______ (help)him with his homework tomorrow evening.
4. How many magazines ______( can borrow)in your library every week ?
5. John ______(hear)to go upstairs two hours ago.
6. -Who ______ (save)her father ?
-He ______ (save)by that policeman.