外研版八年级下册短语集锦
(2013-03-31 14:30:09)分类: 中学英语 |
外研版八年级英语下册短语集锦
MODULE1
五种简单句歌决
英语简单句,五种结构型,缩简句子后,结构自分明,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,则是间宾加直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词to,for记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完整,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。
1、
不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完整。
2、主语 系动词 表语(SVP)
系动词:be ,look, seem ,become, feel , get ,turn ,grow, smell ,taste , keep, sound
3、主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)
4、主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语(SVOO)
直接宾语在前,加for或to连接间接宾语。
give, show , send, bring , pass, lend ,leave ,hand , feel, return, promise ,refuse, throw 用to.
make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing, pay用for .
5、主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语(SVOC)
6、there be 句型。
tidy up 收拾,
fan the flame煽动情绪,
un反义前缀,tidy-untidy,
happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortable
祈使句,肯定以动词原形开头,反问用will you ?/won’t you?,否定用Don’t 动词原形,反问用will you ?,Let’s …用shall we?
take up占据,代词放中间
take sth. back,收回某物
take off脱
下,起飞
take a rest 休息一下,
a bit of =a
little,有点儿,修饰不可数名词
on time按时 ,
a long time很长时间 ,
have a good time ,玩得高兴
be/get /become interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生兴趣
指人的不定代词: somebody/someone, everybody /everyone , anybody/anyone,
nobody/no one
指物的不定代词,anything, something, everything,
nothing
play the violin ;
世上独一无二的加the前面出现过词的再次出现时用the
make 宾语 宾语补足语(使..处于某种状态,地位)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事,make sb/sth
形
后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear, listen to,三让have, let, make,四看see, look at ,watch ,notice,半帮助help,
make sb. sth=make sth for
sb.为某人做某事,
make ..from用..制成(用被动)
现在完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对现在造成的影响和结果,或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before, for some time ,since,
at the end of 在…尽头,在…末尾,(时间,位置)
by the end of 到…末为止, 过去时间,用于过去完成时
by the end of 现在时间,用于现在完成时,
in the end =at last =finally,最后
end(动词) up
with以…结束,
be famous as作为….而出名,(本身身份)
be good for 对…有益
a collection of….的收藏 ,
have/ take an interest in
对某事感兴趣,
give an interview,会面,做访谈
as a
result结果,
also 也,肯定句中,too也,肯定/疑问句,句末,(逗号),either也,否定,句末,逗号,
as
well也,肯定,句末,
be sure确信,相信,
in
life一生中,
buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb
look after=take care of =care
for,照顾
be popular with,受…的欢迎
when , while, as的用法:
when可引用可延续性和非延续性,主从句的动词是非延续性,只用when
while引用可延续性,主从句的动词是可延续性,只用while
as常 用于同时发生的
be useful to/for 对….有用,
useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,
develop ,名词development ,developing 发展中.developed 发达的,
success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词, failure失败
some…others没有范围的“一些…另一些”,但不是全体,
some…the others某一范围的 “一些….其他”的,表全体,
one ….another不定数目中的“一个…另一个”
one ….the other两者中的“一个…另一个”
spend:
sb. spend(s) some
sb. spend(s) some money (in) buying sth.
sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.
pay:
cost:
take :
It takes sb .some money to buy sth .
It’s adj. for sb. to do sth .外界原因,
It’s adj. of sb. to do sth .人的品质,
remember/forget to do sth.想起/忘记要做某事,
remember/forget doing sth.想起/忘记做过某事。
in the way
以这种方式,
start ,begin当用于进行时,后用to V原,主语是物时,后用 to V原,
such as 像…,例如,
probably句中,不用于句未,不用于句首,
maybe可能性很小,口语, 句首
perhaps或许
what do you think of =how do you like
show sb .sth =show sth to sb.
try to do sth 努力做某事,
try/do one’s best (to do sth)
尽某人的最大努力(做某事),
try out试验 ,
动词后只跟 V-ing 的有:finish ,practice ,mind ,feel like ,miss ,keep, pardon, excuse ,suggest consider, give up ,can’t help,
主语是人need to do sth 需要做某事,,
dress sb给某人穿衣 ,
be/get dressed in=dress in 衣服或颜色 ,
就近原则: not only…but also ,不仅.而且
either…or ..不是…就是,或者..或者
neither…nor 既不…也不…,
there be 动词以最近的主语为标准
MODULE 2
宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。
引导词展示关:
1. 宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that可以省略;
2. 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,由原来的连接代词、副词引导;
3. 一般疑问句改成的,用连词if或whether引导,两者都有是否的意思,通常可以替换。不能省略。
语序应用陈述语序:主语在前,谓语动词在后,(带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号,取决于主句的句式,与从句无关。主是陈述句,用句号,主是疑问句,用问号)
时态照应:1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,从句不受影响,根据从句自身的情况选用时态。
2.主句是过去时,从句也一定用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时等)
3.从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等,任何时候都用一般现在时。(以Could you tell me ....?/ would you tell me ...?开头的不能用过去时态。)
否定转移:当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等时,主句的主语是又是第一人称,人句表示的否定意义转移到主句,(反问句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。)
转换“变脸”关:一些动词:tell, know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接(副)词 不定式(连接副词why除外)也就是疑问词 动词不定式(to)
举行会议hold a meeting;
(不挂断)等一下hold the line ,hold on,
if当“是否”讲时引导的是宾语从句,该用将来时就用将来时。
E.g
if当“如果”讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 I will have a picnic if
it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
接近于close to
,
hear, see, watch, notich, 后跟V-原,表示发生了,后跟V-ing表示正在发生。
In加一段时间,常用用将来时will,用how soon 提问。
be different from与...不同;
为什么不做某事呢,做....怎么样?Why don't you do that?=why not do that?
提建议:Let's do sth! Shall we/I do sth? What (how) about doing sth?
sometime过去或将来某个时候,用于过去时或将来时;
some time一段时间表,some times几次,
几倍,
sometimes 有时常用于一般现在时/一般过去时。
alone
强调单独的个体,多作表语。
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人,
worry about sb/sth.担心某人/某事;
be worried about=worry about担心的,忧虑的;
as usual照常,像平常一样;
than usual较平常....
touch sb to the
heart.触动某人的心弦,
be in touch with与...接触;keep in touch
with与....保持联系;
lose touch
with与....失去联系,
It doesn't
matter.不要紧;
no matter how(what, when ,where...)不管怎样(什么,哪里,何时..)
How many 多少,用于可数名词数量提问,后跟名词复数;
how much多少,用于不可数名词数量或价格提问,
how old 多大,对年龄进行提问;
how long多长,多久,对一段时间和物体长度进行提问,
how tall多高,对有生命事物高度提问,多指人和树;
how often多久,对事物的频率进行提问,如对这些提问often, usually, sometimes, never, always, three times a day, twice a week, once a month等
how soon 多快,对将来时的时间状语in 一段时间提问
how far多远,对距离进行提问。
how high 多高,对无生命事物高度提问,多用于山、建筑物等;
be afraid of doing sth.担心,害怕发生某种后果;
be afraid to do
sth
make friends with sb.和某人交朋友,
a piece of information一条信息;
want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth.想要做某事。
not...any more=no more不再,表示次数上或程度上不再,
not ...any longer=no longer不再,表示时间上不再延续。
电话常语:Is that
sb.(speaking)?
Hold on ,please.
Who is that ?/Who is calling?
expect to do
sth,预计做某事
on one's way to在某人去...的路上by the way顺便说一下,
in one's way 阻挡,
one's own某人自己的 ,
on one’s own 某人自己/独自=by oneself=alone
no one 一般不与of连用,动词用单数,指人,但不具体指,常用来回答who/anyone/anybody引导的疑问句。
none与of连用,动词可用单/复数,具体指什么人或物,用来回答how many n./how much n./any n.引导的疑问句。
nothing 指物,不用于人,动词用单数,用来回答anything ,what 引导的疑问句。
talk to /with sb.与某人交谈,
at the moment;此时此刻
give/take /follow/ask for a piece of advice.
Would you like sth?
Would you like to do sth.? Yes, I'd like/love to.
have fun(doing sth)做某事很愉快
call sb. back
给某人回电话,
立刻right now ,at once, right away , 刚才just now.
take a message for sb,
为某人捎信,
leave a message for sb.为某人留口信。
whether.....or not是否
in fact事实上,
be different
from与...不同,
a pair of
一双,一对,是不能分开的,缺一不可,
far away遥远的,(be) far away from=(be) far from离....远
so far到现在为止,与现在完成时连用;
turn back折回,往回走;
without a word没有说话; get in touch with和...取得联系;
keep in touch with和....保持联系 change one’s life 改变某人的生活
what’s the matter with you?=what’s wrong with you?=what’s the trouble with you?=What’s the problem with you?
believe in
sb.信任某人
first of all首先,第一;
too…to…太…而不能… take pride in以…自豪
in public公开地,当众; at that time=at that moment在那时
day by day一天天地 turn back转身
smile at
对…微笑,
play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑 tell jokes 讲笑话
if 与whether的用法:
在ask,know,wonder等动词后引导一个宾语从句时,可以互换。
1、引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,只能用whether
2、如果其后接动词不定式,则只能用whether
I can’t make up my mind whether to go or not .
3、用于介词之后时,只能用whether
4、与or not 连接时,只用whether而不用if .
5、if可引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”,
6、even if
MODULE 3
动词不定式与动词的ing形式作宾语
1、常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词。一些动词后面常跟不定式作宾语,如want ,agree, decide等。口诀:
要想 拒绝 忘记
需要 努力 学习
喜欢 同意 帮助
希望 决定 开始
2、常见的跟动词的ing形式作宾语的动词。
这些词主要有: finish, enjoy, ,practice等。
完成 练习 值得忙
继续 习惯 别放弃
考虑 建议 不禁 想
喜欢 思念 要介意 enjoy, miss, mind
3、有的动词既可以跟动词不定式,也可以跟动词的ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大。
(1) forget to do sth. /forget doing sth.
forget doing 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记要做某事
(2) remember to do sth.记着要做某事 remember doing记着做过某事
(3) stop to do sth.停下去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事/不做某事
everybody /everyone每个人,动词用第三人称单数,用于否定句中表示部分否定。
thank sb.for sth(doing sth) =thanks for/thank you for sth(doing sth)…为…而向某人表示感谢,后加v-ing;
take sb .around=show sb.
around带领某人参观,
look out (for)当心;小心 ,
look at看
,
look
for寻找,
look up
查找,向上看,
look forward to盼望,期待 ,
Don’t mention it不客气 ,It’s my pleasure. That’s all right ./You’re
welcome. /Not at
all.用于回复别人的感谢。
keep (on) doing sth.反复做某事
keep …(from) doing sth.阻止/防止…做某事,同/stop/prevent …(from) doing sth.
keep away(使)离开,,(使)不接近
keep…in mind把…记在心里
help sb. with sth .在某方面帮助某人
can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
help oneself/ help oneself to sth自用或自取某物
report sth .to sb.把某事向某人汇报
would like/want, 想
would you like =do you
want
Me, either. 前句是否定句。 prepare for为…作准备
watch ,see ,look at ,notice ,read 的区别:
watch,指仔细观看,看电视、球赛等
see 指看望某人,看电影,看医生等。
look at 仅表示看这个动作。
notice 指偶尔看到;注意到;觉察到
read指看书;看报。
the end of …的结尾
agree with同意某人,同意某人的看法或观点,
agree to对…表示同意
each other 两者之间的“彼此,互相”
one another 三者或三者以上之间“相互;彼此。”
look down向下看 , look down upon藐视,看不起,
look up to尊重;尊敬 , in radio在播音方面,
Shouldn’t you be at school?是一个否定疑问句,用于表示惊讶情绪,答语和反问回答是一致的,针对事实作答。
explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事。When I was about four or five years
old =at the age of four or five.
ask
for要…
learn from.向…学习 learn about /of听说,了解到
learn…by oneself=teach
oneself自学
close down 停止(播音),关闭
动词变表示人的名词时通常加er,也有部分单词加or构成
run—runner play—player sing—singer win—winner
in front of 在….前,在事物外部的前面,
1、Shall we…?我们…好吗?
3、What /how about…怎么样? 4、Why don’t you/we..=Why not…?为什么不?5、Would you like….?你愿意..吗?回答时用I’d like/love to . sorry ,but ….
对于建议肯定回答:Good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not?/Great/Yes, I’d love to
对于建议否定回答:I’m sorry ,I’m afraid …/I’d love to ,but …..
score a goal
进一球
MODULE
play back回放, turn on 打开,多指打开电器、水龙头等 ,
turn off 关上、lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人
borrow sb.sth=borrow sth form sb.向某人借来某物,
借一段时间用keep.
send sb. sth=send sth. to
sb.
send away 派出,送出, send up发射 ,
send for派人去请,
connect ….to /with… 把…和…连接
save one’s life
bite sb. on the hand咬某人的手,a few days earlier几天前
take a photo of 给…拍照
怎么啦?:
1.What is wrong with sb./sth. 2.What’s the matter with sb./sth?
3.What’s the trouble with sb./sth?
wait for等待
a text message一条短信息
look on sb. as把某人看作….
get /be ready to do sth准备好做某事,乐意做某事
get /be ready for sth=prepare for为…准备好
receive a postcard 收到一张明信片,
on the front of 在前面,在正面, on the back,在背面,在后面
what kind
of什么种类,哪种,
all kinds of
各类各样的
kind of有点儿,相当于a little, a bit ,
take a photo=take photos,拍照 look up仰视,查找(字典) ,
look sb. up and down,上下打量看某人
send a message home,给家里发信息
send sb sth=send sth to sb.,
play back回放 , turn on 开, turn off
关,
come on赶快 ,
hurt
oneself伤害某人自己
bite sb .on the hand 咬了某人的手
across强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体表面上沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作。
through表示从某一范围的一端到另一端,但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的,往往掼穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。
over用作“穿过,通过”时,表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧.
pick up ,捡起
few很少,几乎没有,用于名词复数形式否定
on business ,出差
借入borrow ,借出lend,借一段时间keep
with和…一起,具有带有;携带;与…同时,随着;由于,因为;表示行为方式;就…来说,关于。
What is the price of sth?=How much is/are sth.某物多少钱?
be surprised to do sth做某事而感到惊奇,
a few days earlier几天前,
show ….to …..把…给…看,
Irish爱尔兰的,Ireland爱尔兰,Irishman 爱尔兰男人,
Irishwoman爱尔兰女人
wait for
sb./sth等待某人/某物
be surprised at sth.对…感到惊奇
in surprise 惊奇地, to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是
leave for
sb动身去某地
MODULE 5
if 引出的条件状语从句的时态‘
1.主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来;
2.当主句用祈使句或情态动词时,从句通常用一般现在时。
3.如果主句中的动词是want,hope等 词,则用一般现在时。
4. if引导的条件状语从句与祈使句的转换
主语为you的条件状语从句可与“祈使句 and/or 一般讲来时简单句”句式互换。
If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam. ---Work harder ,and you’ll pass the exam.
If you don’t hurry up ,you ‘ll miss the train.—Hurry up ,or you’ll miss the train.
be able to能,会,(有人称、数和时态的变化)
all together一起,
help sb .with sth
帮助某人做某事,
use…for用….来干,be used to do sth=be used for (doing)
sth被用来干某事,
be good at =do well in
擅长,
be weak in=do badly
in在…方面弱。
have a chance to do sth=have a chance of doing sth.有做某事的机会
punish sb for sth因…而惩罚某人,
one of 名词复数,动词用单数。…之一,
one of the 形容词最高级
名词复数 动词用三单,最….之一
much
too太,非常
be proud of =take pride in
send sb .away
把…送走,把…撵走,把…开除,
so 是副词,通常修饰形容词,副词,
表示“这么多(少)”so many/much/few/little 名词
such是形容词,常修饰名词,放在a/an之前,all, no ,one ,few ,several ,some ,any ,many等词之后,可以修饰各种名词。
such a/an adj. 单数名词=so adj. a/an 单数名词
such adj. 不可数名词/可数名词复数
ask to do sth要求做某事,
ask for请求,
be sure to do
sth一定…,必须….,
be sure of sth /be sure that意为确信 .
be sure of doing
sth.有把握做某事
offer to do sth提出做某事,愿意做某事
steal sth from
sb.
go to sleep 入睡,睡着
,
go to sleep /fall asleep /get to sleep入睡,睡着, be asleep睡得很熟 ,
be fast
asleep睡得很熟
be tired of
厌烦….对…感到厌烦
adj./adv. enough for sb. to do sth做某事对某人来说够….。
instead of 代替,而不是
in the front of 在..前面(内部) at the back of .在….后面
be angry at /about sth.因某事而生气 be angry with /at sb.和某人生气
be able to do
sth能够,
would rather do sth than do
sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事
write to
sb.给某人写信
go wrong
,出毛病,出错
onto 到….之上, into到….之内, out of 从…出来
make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误,
be angry to do sth .做某事很生气 ,
first …second首先…其次,
感叹句:
感叹的中心落在形容词、副词或整个句子上,用how引导感叹句。即:How 形容词/副词 主语 谓语!
感叹的中心落在名词上,用引导感叹句。
即: what a/an 形容词 可数名词单数 主语
谓语!
what 形容词 可数名词复数 主语
谓语!
what 形容词 不可数名词 主语 谓语!
pocket
money零用钱,
hurry up赶快
,
hurry to do sth.匆忙去做某事
on one’s way to 在某人去某地的路上,(副词不用to),
be broken破了,坏了
agree with 后面常 接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语
feel sorry for 对…感到抱歉,对…感到遗憾 find …difficult发现..困难
get into trouble招惹麻烦,陷入麻烦,the first (one) to do sth.第一个做某事的人
start with =begin with以…作开始
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告/提醒某人(不要)做某事
warn sb. against sth ./doing sth.提醒/警告某人不要做某事
warn sb. of/ about
sth.警告某人某事
直接引语改为间接引语
引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语
一、如何变人称:
下面有一句顺口溜“一从主。二从宾,三不动”。“一从主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二从宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“三不动新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:
1.直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
(2) 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked , "Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(don’t 变为not ).
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest 动句词(或从句)。”如:
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
[注意]
(1) 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如:
He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.
→He asked me to open the window.
"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.
→He suggested listening to the music.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:
直接引语 |
间接引语 |
一般现在时 |
一般过去时 |
现在进行时 |
过去进行时 |
一般将来时 |
过去将来时 |
现在完成时 |
过去完成时 |
一般过去时 |
过去完成时 |
过去完成时 |
过去完成时 |
[注意]
(1) 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
(2) 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
项目 |
直接引语 |
间接引语 |
指示代词 |
this |
that |
these |
those |
|
表时间的词语 |
now |
then |
today |
that day |
|
this week(month ,etc) |
that week (month ,etc |
|
yesterday |
the day before |
|
last week(month) |
the week(month) before |
|
three days(a year)ago |
three days(a year)before |
|
tomorrow |
the next (following ) day |
|
next week(month) |
the next(following)week(month) |
|
this evening |
that evening |
|
yesterday morning |
the morning before |
|
ago |
before |
|
the day before yesterday |
two days before |
|
地点 |
here |
there |
动词 |
bring |
take |
come |
go |
fall asleep
入睡,
too….to太…而不能…
clap and cheer
鼓掌欢呼
后用of 具体名词或代词(复数)
fight for 为(事业、自由、真理)而斗争
这些时间状语前不加介词:
today, tomorrow, tonight, next day/week /month/year…,this morning/afternoon
/evening/week….the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow,
face to face面对面, be faced with面临,
make faces做鬼脸true to life,反映真实生活的
in one’s opinion以某人的观点,在某人看来 ,as though,好像,
even though,即使,纵然 in action使起作用,使生效和,在活动中
except, but表示在整体中除去一部分,一般用来排除同类,除..之外常和all,every,no,not,any等词连用,一般可互换,但如果跟副词,介词短语等,不能用but。
besides,除….之外,还有,包括了后面的宾语在内
except for把某一点除外,若无…..用于排除异类,用于说明基本情况后在细节上加以修正补充。
except that后接从句,与except for意思一样,用来强调或细节,补充前面所说的话。
advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事,
I beg your pardon
compete to do sth通过竞赛,比赛来做事compete
for为….而竞争;竞争获得…
pleased
,高兴的,乐意的,相当于happy,/glad,常作表语,与with连用表示“对…感到满意。”
pleasant,形容词,令人愉快的,高兴的,常作定语、表语
please动词,使高兴;使满意。常用在as /what /where等词后表示“想,选择,喜欢”多用于祈使句。
among 表示在三者或三者以上之间,between表示在两者之间。
a very exciting place 一个非常激动人心的地make friengs with sb.与某人交朋友
look after sb.
照顾某人
someone else
别人
be pleased with sb ,对某人很满意
a very adj. n.=quite a/an adj.
n.
excite,interest,bore,tire,relax,worry,这些词语后加ing修饰物,可作定语,后加ed修饰人,只做表语。
look after sb=take care of
must 开头的疑问句,回答:用:yes, ..must. no,…needn’t/ no..don’t have to
plenty of =much/many,
a great deal of =much
enjoy oneself/have a good time/have fun/have a great time玩得高兴
go to bed去睡觉
sleep指睡觉的全过程,用于进行时表示正在睡觉
asleep只作表语,
What do you think
of….?
be on
上演,上映
come
on跟着来,
and so
on等等
in (the) face
of…在…前面
sometimes/usually/always/often/never