语法复习1---句子基础知识

目标：

1. 句子成分：主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语，补语

2. 句子五种基本类型

I．句子成分

1.主语：

练习1. 划出下面句子的主语，并说出由什么充当

1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.                      3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.           5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.                       7.When we are having a test has not been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.     9.That he isn’t at home is not true

练习2. 改错

1.Do exercise everyday is good for your health.  2. He said isn’t true.

3.He came late made his teacher angry.               4. On the desk is two books.

2.谓语：

1.动词填空

1.We/You/They ____(go) to school every day.   2.Tom and Mike  ____(go) to school every day.           

3.His children ____(go) to school every day.   4.Tom ____(go) to school every day.

5.My brother ____(go) to school every day.              6.Your sister ____(go) to school every day.

7.Their son ____(go) to school every day.         8.He / She ____(go) to school every day.

2.判断下列句子正误：

Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.   The food delicious and I ate a lot.     

She might stayed at home.                                       He must come.  

It was raining heavily.                                             They planting trees on the farm.                  

3.表语：              划出下列句中的表语, 并说明由什么充当。

1.Our teacher of English is an American.           2.Is it yours?

3.The weather has turned cold.                          4.The speech is exciting.

5.Three times seven is twenty one?                    6.His job is to teach English.

7.His hobby is playing football.                        8.The machine must be under repairs.

9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.

4.宾语：              划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。

1.They planed many trees yesterday.           2.I wanted to buy a car.

3. I have five.                                          4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.

5.I enjoy listening to popular music.            6.I think（that）he is fit for his office.

7.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.

5.宾语补足语：   划出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。

1.His father named him Dongming.                   2.They painted their boat white.

3.Let the fresh air in.                                       4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.

5.We saw her entering the room.                        6.We found everything in the lab in good order.

7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.   8.I want your homework done on time.

6.定语：              划出下列句中的定语，并指出是什么词性或结构充当的

Tom is a handsome boy.                                   His boy needs Tom's pen.

The boy in blue is Tom.                                    The boy needs a ball pen.

The boy there needs a pen.                                The boy to write this letter needs a pen.

There is nothing to do today.                            The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.

There are five boys left.               The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.

The boy you will know is Tom.                          The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.

He is reading an article about English.               Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.

8.状语           练习：指出下列划线部分属于什么状语

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.         He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.

The boy needs a pen very much.                        She works very hard though she is old.

I am taller than he is.                                       Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.

On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.      I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

9.同位语              划出下列句中的同位语

We students should study hard.          We all are students.         It’s good to us students.

The news that we will have a 3-day holiday is true.

1._____, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train. 

A. Them  B. He   C. They   D. Theirs

2. The students each______ a dictionary.   A. have  B. has   C. is  D. are

II. 简单句的五种基本结构

一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）

二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）

三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）

四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种

Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (       )

He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. (       )     

His advice proved right. (            )

The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. (           )     

All these efforts seem in vain. (        )  

The room soon became crowded. (       )       

The days are getting longer and longer. (        )

He fell ill yesterday. (           )                  

Trees turn green in spring. (          )

My brother hasn't done his homework.. (    ) 

People all over the world speak English. (       )

Jim cannot dress himself. (        )         

All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. (        )

He did not know what to say. (        )          

She ordered herself a new dress. (        )

She cooked her husband a delicious meal. (        )

He brought you a dictionary. (        )

I gave my car a wash. (        )                            

I told him that the bus was late. (        )

What makes him think so? （         ）

He asked me to come back soon. （         ）  

I saw them getting on the bus. （      ）

I’ll have my bike repaired. （         ）          

We elected him monitor. （         ）

 

检测练习 ：

分析下列句子成分，在后面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

His face went red.                                                         

He fell ill last week.

Comrades in her group often help her with grammar.        

The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.   

She carried a basket full of eggs.                                     

It’s a book worth no more than one dollar.

He told us a story, which moved many of us to tears.        

I hope to see him as soon as possible.  

He wouldn’t mind being left alone.                         

Missing the train means waiting for an hour. 

I meant to have called you.                                            

To save money now seems impossible.

I will have my watch repaired tomorrow.                        

We want these trees planted soon.

I left the bag lying on the ground.                                         

I can’t get my car running on cold morning.

I will bring you the book when I come next time.                    

She showed us many of her pictures.

He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home

The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany

Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.

To kill the boring time, I began to read a book.                  

He sat there doing nothing.         

Mary said pointing to the notice.                                    

His parents died, leaving him an orphan.

Driven by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.