被动语态2 

背景：

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

被动语态的考查不是孤立的，而是与时态紧密联系的。初中阶段要求掌握九种被动结构，其中，尤以一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时和含有情态动词的被动语态在考题中出现频率最高。

被动语态的考查形式可见于多种题型，如：选择填空、句型转换、翻译填空等。

什么情况下要用到被动语态呢？

1）  不知道动作的执行者是谁, 或者没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者。

2）强调动作的承受者, 此时如想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by +动作执行者”来表示。

主动句与被动句的关系

主动句： 动作的执行者（主语） + 谓语动词 + 动作的承受者（宾语）

被动句：动作的承受者（主语）+  be + 动词的过去分词  + by + 动作的执行者

注意： (1) 有时 by短语可以省略。

（2）主动句的时态是由谓语动词来体现的，而被动句的时态是由be动词来体现的。掌握了被动句的基本结构和主、被动句的相互转换关系，在考试中就可以不变应万变。

 八大时态下的被动语态概况

一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are done

一般过去时的被动语态：was／were done

现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being done

过去进行时的被动语态：was / were being done

现在完成时的被动语态：have ／has been done

过去完成时的被动语态：had been done

一般将来时的被动语态：shall ／will be done

过去将来时的被动语态：should ／would be done

含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done

 

被动语态在各时态下谓语动词的变化详解

1.      一般现在时，一般过去时的被动语态

一般现在时： am／is／aredone

一般过去时： was／weredone

【例句展示】

1. Bruce writes a letter everyweek.→A letter is written by Bruce everyweek.

2. Li Lei mended the broken bikethis morning.→ The broken bike was mended by Li Leithis morning.

【趁热打铁】

1. Many trees and flowers            in our school last year, and they made ourschool a beautiful garden.

A. plant  B. planted   C. have planted   D.were planted

2. The Olympic Games           every four years.

A. are held   B. were held  C. are holding   D. will hold

3 Thewatch has often ___ down.

A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell

4 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
   A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung

 

2.      现在进行时，过去进行时的被动语态

现在进行时：am／is／are being done

现在进行时：       am/is/ are + v.-ing

+    被动语态：                  be    + done

现在进行时的被动语态：am/ is/ are +  being  + done

过去进行时：was / were being done

过去进行时：         was/ were + v.-ing

+    被动语态：                    be  + done

过去进行时的被动语态： was/were +  being  + done

【例句展示】

1. Lucy is writing a letter now.→ A letter is being written by Lucy now.

2. The Greens were cleaningtheir house at 10 o’clock yesterday.

→ The Greens’ house was being cleaned by them at 10 o’clockyesterday.

【趁热打铁】

1. The nurse was taking care ofthe sick man when I saw her.→                                         

2. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
   A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

3.      现在完成时，过去完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态：have ／has been done

现在完成时：       have/ has + 动词的过去分词

+  被动语态：                      be         + done

现在完成时的被动语态：  have/ has +  been  +done

过去完成时的被动语态：had been done

过去完成时：   had + 动词的过去分词

+  被动语态：              be           + done

过去完成时的被动语态：  had + been +done

【例句展示】

1. He has written two novels sofar.→ Two novels have been written by him so far.

2. John had finished his homework today.

【趁热打铁】

These papers___ yet.
      A. have not written     B. have not been written       C. has not written    D. has not been written

I’ve told the old man his money _____ by the policemen.

A.has been found   B. have been found   C. have found out   D. has found

The police _______ lots of help by the people in the city.

A.has been given   B. has given   C. have been given   D. have given

 

 

4.      一般将来时，过去将来时的被动语态

一般将来时的被动语态：shall ／will be done

一般将来时：        will  + 动词原形

+ 被动语态：                    be      + done

一般将来时的被动语态：   will +  be + done

过去将来时的被动语态：should ／would be done

过去将来时：      would +  动词原形

+  被动语态：                 be       + done

     过去将来时的被动语态:    would+  be  + done

【例句展示】

They will plant ten trees tomorrow.

→ Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

【趁热打铁】

1. A talk on developments in science andtechnology           inthe school hall next week.

A. given  B. will be given   C. has been given   D. gives

2. Computer ____ in everyday life in this country beforelong（很快）.

A. isused   B. will use   C. will be used   D. was used

3. ___these desks be needed?

A. Will    B. Are      C. Has     D. Do

4. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
      A. is going to be rebuilt   B. will rebuilt     C. are going to be rebuilt   D. are going to rebuilt

5.      含情态动词的被动语态

含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done

情态动词 + 动词原形

+                               be   + done

含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + done

【例句展示】

You must lock the door when youleave.

→ the door must be locked when youleave.

【趁热打铁】

1. You must lock the door when you leave.

→                                         

2. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should          to go to bars(酒吧). （2007辽宁）

A. allow  B. be allowing   C.be allowed   D. not allow

3. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
      A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
4. Don’t you know sweaters can’t _______ that way?

A.be washed   B. being washed   C. being washing   D. wash

5. I think the sick boy must _____ to the hospital as soonas possible.

A.be taken   B. been taken   C. being taken   D. take

 特别关注：

注意被动语态的几个特殊情况：

（1）带双宾语的两种被动语态形式：

① 把指人的间接宾用作被动句的主语，如：   She gave me a book.   I was given a book by her.

② 把指物的直接宾语用作被动句的主语，此时，间接宾语前需加介词to或for, 如：

   She gaveme a book.  A book was given tome by her.

   She bought me a present.  A present was bought for meby her.

Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）

A new pen______  ______  ______ her by her mother．（2001黔江）（填was given to）

(2) 原则上，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是，许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词，变成及物动词短语，这时也可有被动语态。此时应注意短语的整体性，即后面的介词或副词不要丢掉。例如：

 We should speak to old people politely. Old people should bespoken to politely by us.

She willtake good care of the children．（变被动语态）

The children will ______  ______ ______  ______  ______ by her．（2002盐城） （填be taken good care of）

（3）复合宾语的主动句在转换成被动句时，那些感官动词和使役动词如make，see，feel等后所省略的动词不定式to需被还原。例如：

 My teacher made me do my homework.        I was made to do myhomework by my teacher.

Someonesaw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动语态）

He______  ______  ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday． （2002贵阳）

不宜使用被动语态的几种情况：

1. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：

appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, happen，break out, come true,  takeplace.

2.表示人的主观愿望及价值观等的动词，主语是物时，动词后面形式为主动Ving，意义为被动（want, need, require，deserve,be worth，etc.）如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth/deserves reading.

3. 系动词无被动语态（keep除外）：appear, be become, fall,feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 　It sounds good.

4. 熟记教材中与被动语态相关的固定搭配和句型。例如：be made of / from /in / by, be used for/ as 等。

—Your coat looks nice．Isit  ______  cotton？—Yes．It's  ______ Shanghai．       （2001江西）

A．madeof；made by     B．made of；madein    C．made for；madeby    D．made for；madein

考试中出现的被动语态：

67.The terrible earthquake destroyed manyhouses in Wenchuan in 2008. （改为被动语态）

Many houses in Wenchuan_________________ by the terrible earthquake in 2008.(were  destroyed)

65.                The  government  helped  the victims  of  the11.15 Fire. (改为被动语态 )

The_______________ of  the11.15 Fire_________________ helped by the government. （victims       were ）

2010嘉定一模：

67.       The reporter will interview thewinner of "China s got Talent" this evening. （改为被动语态）

Thewinner of "China s got Talent" will                    by the reporter this evening. be interviewed

2010静安一模

69.   Myfriend Jones wrote some articles about memory last month.   (改为被动语态)

Some articles about memory                  by my friend Jones last month. （werewritten）

2010卢湾一模

68. Wegave two pandas. Kai Kai and Xin Xin to Macao as a gift last year. （改为被动句）

Twopandas, Kai Kai and Xin Xin               to Macao as a gift last year. （were given）

2010 浦东新区一模

68. Mr. Li chose ten students totake part in the English reading contest last week. (改为被动语态)

Ten students _________ __________ to take part in the English readingcontest by Mr. Li last week. were chosen

2010普陀一模

68. Paul made three model planes last year.（改为被动语态）

Three modal planes ______ ______ by Paul last year. were made

2010 青浦一模

69. Recently, people found a huge egg in achicken house in England. (改成被动语态)

Recently, a huge egg________ ________in achicken house in England. Was found

2010 松江一模

65.        They threw some rubbish into the river at night daysago.    (改为被动语态)

Some rubbish___________ _________ into the river at night days ago. Was thrown

 

课堂练习：

一、 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1. We can finish the work in twodays.

The work _________ ____________________ in two days. Can be finished

2. They produce silk in <<<<Suzhou>>>>.

Silk ___________  ____________in <<<<Suzhou>>>>.Was produced

3. The children will sing an Englishsong.

An English song __________ ___________  _________ by the children. Will besung

4 People use metal for making machines.

Metal ________  _________ for making machines. Was used

5. He made me do that for him.

I _________  _________  ________ that for him. Was made to

6. I have given this book to thelibrary.

This book _________  ________  ________ to the library. Has been given

7. Did they build a bridge here a yearago?

___________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? Was   built

8. We'll put on an English play in ourschool.

An English play ____________  _____________ ____________ on in our school. Will be put

9. More and more farmers buy colour TVsets.

Colour TV sets ___________  __________ ___________ more and more farmers. Are bought by

10. My brother often mends his watch.

His watch ___________  ____________ ______________ by my brother. Is often mended

11. We must water the flowers every day.

The flowers must ____________  _____________(by us) every day. Be watered

12. They use knives for cutting things.

Knives ___________ ___________ for cuttingthings. Are used

13. He made the farmers work for a longtime.

The farmers ____________ _____________ ____________ ___________for a long time. Were made to work

14. Did he break the window yesterday?

__________ the window __________  ____________ __________  yesterday? Was  broken by him

15. They have sold out the light greendresses.

The light green dresses ___________  ___________ ______________ out. Have been sold

16. We clean the classroom every day.

The classroom ___________  ___________every day. Was cleaned

17. You must not plant trees in very dryearth.

Trees ___________  _____________ _____________  _____________  in very dry earth. Must  not be planted

20. You can dig a hole in the earth.

A Hole ___________  ____________ ____________ in the earth. Can be dug

二、 用动词的正确语态填空。

1. The students _____ often _____(tell)to take care of their  desks and chairs. Are  told

2. That play ________(put) on againsometime next month. Will be put

3. The old man is ill. He ______ (mustsend) to the hospital. Must be sent

4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________(sell) in this shop. Are sold

5. What ___ a knife ______ (make)of?   Ismade

It _______________(make) of metaland wood. Is made

6. A Piano concert _____________(give)here last Friday. Was given

7. ______ the magazine ____(can take)out of the library? Can be taken

8. The room _____________ (clean) by meevery day. Is cleaned

9. The stars _____________ (can not see)in the daytime. Can't be seen

10. Some flowers __________(water) by LiMing already. Are watered

11. These kinds of machines__________(make) in <<<<Japan>>>>. Are made

12. Apples _________  ________(grow)in this farm. Are grown

13. Russian _______  _____(learn)as the second language by some students in <<<<China>>>>.Is learned

14. Planes, cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business  people for travelling. Areused

15. The cinema ______  _____(build) in 1985. Was built

17. A beautiful horse ____ ____  ___ (draw) by John next day. Will be drawn

18. This kind of machine ______ _____(can made) by  uncle Wang. Can be made

20. The PLA ______  ______ (found)on <August1st,1927>. Was founded

21. By the time he was ten, the boy________(learn)English and French. Had learned

22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be)in the city? Has been

23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?Have   seen

Yes, I _______(see)it last week. saw

24. Uncle Wang ____________(live) heresince 1980  haslived

25. Listen! Someone _________(sing). Is singing

26. Tom ________(not have) breakfastyesterday morning. Didn't have

回家作业：

被动语态专项练习
(  ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___on October 1, 1949.
     A. found B. was founded C. is foundD. was found
(  ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
      -I'm sorry. ___. out                                                     

A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been soldD. it had been sold
(   ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner ofthe road.
     A. is building B. is being built C.been built D. be building
(   ) 4 The key ___ on the table when Ileave.

A. was left B. will be left C. is left D.has been left
(   ) 5 These papers___ yet.
     A. have not written           B. have not been written

C. has not written            D. has not been written
(   ) 6 ___ these desks be needed?

A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
(   ) 7 Why ___ to talk about ityesterday?
      A. didn't a meeting hold        B. wasn't a meeting held

C.wasn't held a meeting       D. a meetingwasn't held
(   ) 8 Who was the book___?

A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
(   ) 9 The books may___ for twoweeks.

A. bekept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
(   ) 10 The broken bike____ here by MrSmith.
    A. can mend B. can mended C. can bemend D. can be mended
(   ) 11 The old bridge in my hometown___next month.
     A. is going to be rebuilt         B. will rebuilt

C. are going to be rebuilt        D. are going to rebuilt
(   ) 12 Now these magazines___ in thelibrary for a long time.

A. have kept B. are keeping C. have beenkeeping D. have been kept
(   ) 13 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
    A. used; keeping          B. was used; keeping

C. is used; to keep        D. are used; keep
(   ) 14 Tea ___ in the south ofChina.

A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. willgrow
(   ) 15 Wet clothes are often ___ upnear a fire in rainy weather.
    A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
(   ) 16 The river smells terrible. Peoplemust ___ dirty things into it.
     A. be stopped to throw       B. be stopped from throwing

C. stop to throw          D. stop from throwing
(   ) 17 The teapot ___ water.

A. is filled with B. filled of  C. fulling of D. filled
(   ) 18 Old people must be looked afterwell and ___ politely.
    A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D.spoken to

(   ) 19What time ___ the door ___ every day?
   A. does; closed B. does; close C. is;closed D. /; close
(   ) 20 They were___ at the suddennoise.

A.    frightening B. frightened C.frighten D. frightens

(   ) 21 These walls___ stone.
      A. are made of  B. made of C. are made into D. are made from

(   ) 22 You can't use the computer, it____.
   A. was broken down B. is wrong C. isbad D. has broken down
(   ) 23 The coat___ her sister.

A. made to B. were made for C. was made forD. was made to
(   ) 24 I ___ five minutes to decidewhether I should go or not.
     A. gave B. was giving C. had givenD. was given
(   ) 25 Good care____ such things.
     A. should take of       B. should be taken

C. should be taking     D. should be taken of
(   ) 26 The teacher made him___ hishomework.

A. to do B. do C. did D. done
(   ) 27 The boy___ streets without payin the old days.
     A. was made to clean        B. made clean

C. made to clean            D. was made clean
(   ) 28 These children____ dance.

A. were seen to B. were seen for C. wereseen D. saw to

(   ) 29 These stones___ well.

A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
(   ) 30 The bike ___ 500 yuan.

A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
(   ) 31 Great changes___ in the past tenyears in China.
   A. took place B. have taken place C.were taking place D. had taken place
(   ) 32 The watch has often ___down.

A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell

(   ) 33 Can he___ himself?
  A. get dress B. get dressed C. getsdressed D. instead of
(   ) 34 Lookout, please keep away fromthe fire, or your trousers will__
    A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. getburnt
(   ) 35The apple___ very sweet.

A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. aretasting
(   ) 36 You___ more beautiful in thelight blue shirt.

A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
(   ) 37 What you said ___. like a goodidea.

A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
(   ) 38 -What do you think of the TVplay?     -Wonderful. It is worth___ asecond time.
    A. watching B. watched C. seen D.seeing
(   )39.How dirty the tables are! Theyneed___.

A. to clean B.clean C. cleaning D. cleaned

答案： 1-BCBBB, ABDAD, ADBAD,BADBB, ADCDD, BAABC, BCBDC, CDDC.