第16章 主谓一致
“主谓一致”指的是句子的主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”上的一致关系,也就是说,谓语的单复数取决于主语的形式和内容。
中考预测
[考查内容]主谓一致的就近原则,定语从句中谓语的判断,主动语态变为被动语态时的主谓一致,主语与谓语数的一致性,当主语后面跟有as well as等介词短语时谓语的判断,复合不定代词用作主语时谓语的判断,of短语作主语时谓语的判断,距离等名词复数短语作主语时谓语的平安段,以及含有s的名词作主语时位于的一致性等。
[备考对策]在平时的复习中要掌握主谓一致的语法一致性、意义一致性、就近一致性三原则。
真题解析
1. Lucy and Lily _________ sisters. They study at the same school.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
[解析]考查and连接的主语与谓语的一致。本句的主语由and连接,表示两个人,为复数,谓语也要用复数。故答案为D。
[考点链接]and连两个名词,若表示同一个人,谓语用单数。如:The teacher and writer is my English teacher. 那个老师兼作家是我们的英语老师。
2. The woman with her children __________ under the tree.
A. are singing B. singing C. is singing
[解析]考查with修饰的名词的主谓一致。这个句子的her children 并不是主语,该with短语是定语,修饰前面的主语the woman,故谓语用单数。答案为C。
[考点链接]together with,as well as,but等也有类似的用法。
3. –A number of students __________ in the dining hall.
--Let me count. The number of the students ___________ about 400.
A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are
[解析]考查number 短语作主语时谓语的判断。a number of表示“许多,大量”,后接名词复数,作主语时谓语用复数;the number of后面也接名称复数,表示“……的数量”,作主语时谓语用单数。故答案为A。
4. Some of my classmates ___________ from other cities.
A. comes B. is C. are
[解析]考查some作主语时谓语的判断。some作主语时,谓语的判断要看some代替的是复数名词还是不可数名词。若是不可数名词,谓语用单数,否则谓语用复数。此题some表示的是classmates,故谓语用复数,答案为C。
[考点链接]most, a lot of, lots of, 分数等作主语,谓语的判断也用此法。
5. Either Mary or he ___________ going to Paris. Only one person may go there.
A. are B. is C. was
[解析]考查either…or…连接两个主语时谓语的判断。either…or…表示“或者……或者……”,连接两个主语时,谓语与其邻近的主语一致。这个句子应与he一致,故答案为C。
[考点链接]not only…but also…(不仅…而且…),not…but…(不是…而是…),neither…nor…(既不…也不…),there be句型等谓语的判断也要遵循“就近”原则。
6. Both Jim and Kate _________ in Beijing now. They both from _______ America.
A. is; come B. are; come C. is; comes D. are; comes
[解析]考查both…and…连接两个主语时谓语的判断。both…and…表示“…和…都”,连接两个主语时,谓语用复数。第二个空的both只作副词,不影响主语,主语仍是they。故答案为B。噢主语时谓语也用复数。
[考点链接]both of,all of
语法脉络
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内容
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经典例句
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语法一致
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由and或both…and…连接的主语,谓语用复数
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Both a dog and a pig are animals.
狗和猪都是动物。
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one, everyone, each, either, neither作主语或跟“of+复数名词”作主语,谓语用单数
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Either of the books is OK.
任何一本书都行。
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不定代词something, anything, everything, somebody, everyone, no one等作主语,谓语用单数
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Something is wrong with my computer.
我的电脑出了点毛病。
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不定式、动名词作主语,谓语用单数
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Seeing a film is relaxing.看电影很放松。
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意义一致
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集体名词police, family, class, team等作主语,若表示单位,谓语用单数,表示人或成员,谓语用复数。
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The police are searching for the thief.
警察在寻找小偷。
My family is big.我家很大。
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maths, physics, news等名词虽以s结尾,但并非复数,谓语用单数
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There is no good news in today’s newspaper.
今天报纸上没有好消息。
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“the+形容词”作主语若表示一类人,谓语用复数,否则用单数。
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The rich were very bad.为富不仁。
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表示时间、长度、价格、质量等意义的短语作主语,常将其看作一个整体,谓语用单数
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Two weeks is quite a long time.
两周是相当长的时间。
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people, clothes, works, goods等名词一般以复数形式出现,作主语时,谓语用复数。
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Many people are watching the panda.
许多人在看熊猫。
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就近一致
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either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but(also)…, not… but…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语与邻近的主语一致
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Neither Li Lei nor I am going to the park tomorrow.
明天李雷和我都不去公园。
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There be 及Here be句型中的be常与最近的主语一致
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There is a box and two tables in the room.
房间里有一个箱子和两张桌子。
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考点精讲
考点1 主语有定语修饰时,如何判断谓语?
名词主语后有together with(和……共同),with(和……一起),along with(带着),besides/except/but(除了……),as well as(也……),including(包括),like(像)等定语修饰时,谓语与前面的名词一致。
My little sister as well as her friends is learning to sing English songs. 我妹妹和她的朋友们在学习唱英语歌。
All the students expect Tom are in the classroom. 除了汤姆外,所有的学生都在教室内。
考点2 who, whom, which, some, all, most作主语,谓语动词用单数吗?
此类词作主语,位于动词要视它们所代表的意义决定。
What’s in the box? 箱子里有什么?
Some people are dancing, some are singing. 一些人在跳舞,一些人在唱歌。
考点3 “every/each/no/many a/a great deal of+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数?“a great/large number of +复数名词”呢?
前一结构作主语,谓语动词用单数;后一结构作主语,谓语用复数。
A great deal of our time was spent on this test. 我们很多时间花费在这项实验上。
No man is interested in such a thing. 没人对这样的事情感兴趣。
考点4 字母、某个单词或基数词作主语,谓语怎么判断?
此时谓语动词常用单数,但如果基数词作主语时表示两个或更多的人或事物时,谓语动词可用复数。
Three and four is seven. 三加四等于七。
Twelve were in the concert.十二个人出现在音乐会上。
考点5 both, few, many, several之类的词作主语,谓语动词用复数吗?
此类代词指的是两个以上的人或事物,故其谓语也用复数形式。
Few are going to that island. 几乎没有人要去那个岛。
考点6 what引导的从句作主语时,如何判断谓语?
在“主语+连系动词+表语”结构中,如果是what从句作主语,其谓语的判断要视该从句表示的意义而定。若意义上是单数,谓语用单数;若意义上是复数,谓语用复数。
What he likes is an interesting book. 他喜欢的是一本有趣的书。
What they wanted were some boxes. 他们需要的是一些箱子。
考点专练
考点1专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. She as well as the other students ______________(learn) how to type now.
2. A teacher, together with some students, _____________(be) in the park yesterday.
3. The students like Tom ______________(like) computer games.
4. Nobody but Ann and Kate ______________(be) in the classroom.
5. Tom, including all the boys in his class, ____________(love) soccer ball.
考点2专练 用be的适当形式填空
1. What ___________ wrong with you last night?
2. –Have you bought any apples? --Yes. But some ___________ bad.
3. All of the students ____________ in the classroom at that time.
4. Most of the milk ____________ bad.
5. –Which of those people ____________ your uncle? --The one behind the woman.
考点3专练 改正下面每个句子中的一个错误
1. There is a good many trees on the hill.
2. Many a student come out.
3. A great many people has moved into new houses.
4. A great deal of money were spent in playing computer games.
考点4专练 将下面的句子译为英语
1、“bee”中有个字母“b”。 There_________________________________________________
2、“theirs”有6个字母。 “Theirs”_________________________________________________
3、八减去四等于四。 Eight _______________________________________________________
4、十八个人缺席。 ______________________________________________________absent.
考点5专练 根据汉语提示完成英语句子
1. Both ____________________________(在看电视) when I came into the room.
2. Few of them _________________________(相信) that now.
3. Several of us ________________________(认为) that is wrong.
4. Few pigs ___________________________(比猫漂亮)
5. Many ____________________________(将考及格) the next exam.
考点6专练 用动词 be的适当形式填空
1. What we need __________ more time.
2. What they run short of __________ money.
3. What they wanted to do __________ to escape from the house at that time.
4. What people need ____________ more houses.
提高练习
I. 单项选择
1. __________ you or she to stay here?
A. Are B. Is C. Be D. Was
2. No teacher and no student ___________ yet.
A. is B. are C. have come D. has come
3. Every man, woman and child __________ about this thing.
A. were talking B. was talking C. were speaking D. was speaking
4. My old friend and classmate _______ in a hospital.
A. go B. goes C. works D. work
5. Jim’s way of dressing, speaking and using his hand _____________.
A. is interested B. are interested C. is interesting D. are interesting
II.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. No one but I __________(be) wrong.
2. My shoes ____________(wear) out.
3. None of them _________________(listen) carefully now.
4. The cattle on the farm ____________(feed) twice a day in the past.
III. 用be动词的适当形式填空
Once upon a time, there lied a small town, the population of the town __1__ more than 50000, but the number of the old people __2__ as large as 4000. The politics __3__ in some old men’s hands. All kinds of meetings __4__ under the control of them. The old men were between 70 and 90 years old. They became older and older. In this town there __5__ plenty of rain. One year, it rained hard. It had been raining for 49 days. At last the town was gone.
综合测试
满分:100分 时间:45分钟
I. 单项选择
1. Jenny: How many countries __________ in Europe?
Betty: I’m not sure.
A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are there
2. Not only Jim but also his sister _________ a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited
3. This pencil case of rubber _______ pink.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
4. This pair of shoes __________ nice.
A. look B. looks C. looking D. is look
5. The paper fro books and newspapers __________ made from wood.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
6. On the east of the river __________ two buildings.
A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing
7. What we need _________ good books.
A. is B. are C. have D has
8. _________ of us has an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All
9. On every piece of the paper _________ pictures of some houses.
A. is B. are C, has D. have
10. The United States ________ one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
11. _________ Chinese take-aways very popular in England?
A. Are B. Were C. Is D. Was
12. Everyone here, including children and old people, _________ in for sports.
A. go B. going C. to go D. goes
13. Mary and Lily _________ going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
14. Physics, as well as English, _________ important in middle schools.
A. were very B. is great C. are great D. is very
15. The Greens __________ preparing for their trip.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have
II. 用所给动词be的适当形式填空
1. 70% of the earth __________ covered with water.
2. Li Ming’s family ___________ a large one. Now the whole family _________ watching TV.
3. Bread an butter ___________ everyday food in the west.
4. A number of boys __________ playing computer games now.
5. The mother with her little son ___________ at my home at that time.
III. 改正下面每个句子中的一处错误
1. No one but I am a student.
2. Neither her sisters nor Mary are going to the party tomorrow.
3. Ten minus five leave five.
4. Fifty yuan are paid fro Mr. Green.
5. My family are a small one with three people.
6. The number of the people in the park are 200.
7. My shoes is worn out.
8. The singer and dancer have been to our city.
9. Mr. Green with his wife and two sons are going to visit me.
10. One and a half cakes are a good meal for me.
IV. 将下面的汉语句子译成英语
1、我们每人有一个漂亮的铅笔盒。 Each of _______________ a nice pencil case.
2、所有的事物都准备好了,咱们吃饭吧。 All the food _____________now. Let’s have a meal.
3、谁愿来都欢迎。 Anyone ______________ to come is welcome.
4 、没有人有时间干这些事。 Nobody _____________ for such things.
5、看电视太多对你健康有害。 _________bad for your health.
6、我觉得物理很有趣。 I think _____________________________________________.
7、这双鞋是我的。__________________________________ mine.
8、除了草和树,山上什么也没有。 Nothing but grass and trees _______________ the hill.
9、他想知道的是他们为什么不告诉他。 ______________ he wanted to know __________ why the didn’t tell him.
10、布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。 The _______________ working in China.
V. 请选择括号中动词的正确形式填空
1. Neither you nor your sister _____________(has/have) been working hard.
2. Fifteen percent of the students _____________(is/are) absent today.
3. One thousand Yuan ___________(is/are) a lot of money to such a little child.
4. Your brother, as well as his friends, ________(is/are) very kind to us.
5. All that can be done ______________________(has been done/have been done)
6. The class __________(is/are) the best in the school.
7. There ______________(seem/seems) to be a knife and fork on the table.
8. One man or two ______________(is/are) mentioned in the story.
9. The singer and dancer ___________(is/are) welcomed warmly by the local people.
10. No teacher and no student ____________(is/are) listening to the lecture.
VI. 完型填空
Most of us probably __1__ doing housework. The thought of cleaning the bathroom or cooking dinner for the family __2__ most of us tired. However, the fact is that someone __3__ to do it. Most of the time it is the parents who __4__ up doing housework. Is this really fair?
Learn to do little things
Doing housework __5__ really not so bad. If we all do our part, it will seem much less frightening. Why should your mother have to wash your dirty dishes? You are able to take care of yourself. Doing little things around the house will show that you are becoming more mature(成熟的) and self-sufficient.(独立的)
Divide housework among the family
Some of us __6__ that we are too busy to do housework, but most parents work all day and then __7__ to keep a clean house! Dividing housework among the whole family will make everyone’s job easier. It seems much more manageable(便于管理的)to have three or more people all working together to keep the houseclean.
Make it fun
Cooking is one part of housework that can be very fun. Listening how you can cook meals __8__ a very valuable skill. If you learn how to cook your favourite food, you will be showing your independence and also __9__ a very special talent.
Learning to do your share of housework will provide you with valuable skills for the future. It gives you a sense of responsibility that will stay with you as you meet larger and larger tasks. Don’t be afraid to help around the house, your parents will greatly appreciate it. The next time you see something that __10__ to be done at home, do it yourself and show that you can do anything!
1. A. doesn’t enjoy B. don’t enjoy C. enjoys D. enjoy
2. A. makes B. make C. keep D. has
3. A. is B. are C. has D. have
4. A. finishes B. finish C. ends D. end
5. A. is B. were C. was D, are
6. A. believes B. believe C. thinks D think
7. A. expects B. is expected C. are expected D. expect
8. A. be B. are C. was D. is
9. A. having B. have C. be having D. will have
10. A. needs B. need C. don’t do D. doesn’t do
考点专练
考点1:1. is learning 2. was 3. like 4. is 5. loves
考点2:1. was 2. are 3. were 4. is 5. is
考点3:1. is-are 2. come-comes 3. has-have 4. were-was
考点4:1. is a “b” in “bee” 2. has six letters 3. minus four is four
4. Eighteen were
考点5:1. were watching TV 2. believe 3. think 4. are more beautiful than cats
5. are going to pass
考点6:1. is 2. is 3. was 4. are
提高练习
I. 1.A。疑问句的谓语动词常同它的邻近的主语的人称和数一致。2、D。主语被no修饰时,谓语动词常用单数。3、B。用and连接的并列主语被every或each修饰时,谓语动词用单数。4、C。and连接的两个部分是同一人或事物,或当作整体看待时,谓语动词用单数。5、C。如果主语的整体可以用he, she,it代替,谓语用第三人称单数形式。
II.1、is。注意要与but前的内容一致,不能与I一致。2、are worn。此类名词,如glasses,shoes,socks,trousers, pants,shorts等多以成对意义出现,作主语时,谓语用复数。3、is/are listengin。None作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。4、were fed。Cattle是“牛”的总称,作主语时,谓语用复数。
III. 1、was。Population意为“人口”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。2、was。the number of意为“…的数字”,作主语谓语动词用单数。但“a number of+复数名词”作主语谓语用复数,意为“许多”。3、was。某些以s结尾的名词如maths,physic,politics等并非复数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。4、were。由a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of,all kinds of以及与kind意义相似的type,sort等词构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。此题谓语与all kinds一致,故用复数。5、was。“lots of,plenty of,most of+名词”作主语,谓语动词要与of后的名词一致。此题的rain为不可数名词,故谓语用单数。
综合测试
I. 1-5DBABB 6-10 CBCBA 11-15 ADCDB
II. 1.is 2. is; are 3. is 4. are 5. was
III. 1. am-is 2. are-is 3. leave-leaves 4. are-is 5. are-is 6. are-is 7. is-are 8. have-has 9. are-is 10. are-is
IV. 1. us has 2. is ready 3. who wants 4. has time 5. Watching TV too much is 6. physics is very interesting 7. This pair of shoes is 8. covers/is on 9. What, was 10. The Blacks enjoy
V.. 1. has 2.are 3. is 4. is 5. has been done 6. is 7. seems 8. is/are 9.is 10.is
VI. 在完型填空中常要判断主谓一致,考查内容广泛,涉及语法上的一致、意义上的一致等。做题时要注意分析句子的主语,认清主语是由什么词充当的;还要注意and连接的问题,搞懂and后面内容与前面什么内容一致,从而准确判断句子的动词形式。
1、B。most of作主语时,谓语与of后的内容一致。此题of后是复数,故谓语用复数。再根据这一段的意思,可判断要用否定形式。2、A。此题的主语虽然较长,但仔细分析可看出其实主语就是thought,故谓语用单数。3、C。该句的主语是someone,为复合代词,作主语时谓语用单数。4、D。此题的who代替的是parents,故谓语用复数。5、A。动名词作主语时,谓语用单数。6、D。some of作主语,谓语与of后内容一致,故谓语用复数。7、C。根据and的并列关系,谓语用复数。8、D。此题的learning后接宾语从句how you can cook meals,判断谓语时不要受从句的影响,其实主语仍是learning,故谓语用单数。9、B。and前后的动词要一致,此处的动词应与前面的be一致,故用动词原形。10、A。。这个定语从句的连接词that代替的是something这个复合不定代词,故谓语用单数。