第7章 副词
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,判断该用形容词还是副词常是考查内容。另外,副词的比较等级与形容词的比较等级的用法又基本相同。
中考预测
[考查内容] 形容词和副词的判断,频率副词,复合副词,副词的比较级和最高级,某些同义副词的意义区别,疑问副词。
【备考对策】 牢记副词的比较等级,明确形容词和副词意义和作用的区别,记住形容词变为副词的方法,掌握几个副词及其短语的不同。
真题解析:
1. -------Can you follow me?
-------Sorry, I can _______ follow you. You speak too fast.
A. hardly B. easily C. nearly D. clearly
【解析】考查hardly用法。根据这个情景的意义,以及sorry, 可判断此处应用否定意义的副词,而hardly表示“几乎不”,故答案为A.
2. Listen! They are singing ________ (happy) in the classroom.
【解析】考查形容词和副词的分辨。 该句的谓语是实义动词sing, 故后面要用副词修饰,答案为happily.
3. On this point, I can’t agree with you _______ (much).
【解析】考查副词的比较级。此处的much 修饰前面的动词agree,且含有比较意义,故答案为more.
4. ----------Have you read today’s morning paper?
---------Not _________. What’s the latest news about the hand-foot-mouth disease?
A. only B. yet C. ever D. just
【解析】考查表示“完成”意义的副词的区别。Yet, ever, just, already都是表示“完成”意义的副词,但yet多用于否定句和疑问句,表示 “还没有”, 故答案为B.
5. After a day’s walk, she felt so tired that she couldn’t go ___________ (far).
【解析】 考查far的比较级。 本句的意思是“她觉得很累不能再往前走了”,而far的比较级是farther或further, 二者最主要的区别就是further可以表示“进一步地”,故答案为further.
6. In class, you didn’t listen ________ me. So you didn’t pass the exam.
A. as careful as B. more careful as
C. so carefully as D. more carefully than
【解析】考查副词的比较级。此句的谓语是listen, 故需要用careful 的副词carefully, 可排除A, B; 而同级比较可用as…as, 在否定句中可用as/so…as. 故答案为C.
7. How _________ (quick) Betty answered the teacher’s question!
【解析】考查副词的判断。在how引导的感叹句中,how后用形容词还是副词,关键看这个句子的谓语动词,此句的谓语动词是answer, 故答案为quickly.
语法脉络
分类
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时间副词:ago, today, now, before, already, soon, yet, early, lately, recently, then, tonight, tomorrow, yesterday
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地点副词:here, there, home, above, along, around, away, below, inside, outside, over, somewhere
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方式副词: well, fast, quietly , quickly, angrily, carefully, easily, hard, simply, freely
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频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never
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程度副词:much, rather, too, quite, almost, enough, little, nearly, really, so, very
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复合不定副词:somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere
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疑问副词:when, where, how, how often, why
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连接副词:when, where, why, how
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功能
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作状语: Zhao Ming works very hard. 赵明学习很努力。
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作表语:Class is over. The students are out. 下课了,学生出去了。
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作定语:The people there are friendly. 那里的人们很友好。
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作宾语补足语: They left Steven alone at home. 他们把史蒂芬单独留在了家里。
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位置
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时间副词多置于句首或句尾:Today it rained, so we went to a museum. 今天下雨了,因此我们去了博物馆。 (人教版新目标七年级教材)
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频率副词多放在系动词、助动词、情态动词后,实义动词前:She often goes to the movies. 她常去看电影。 (人教版新目标八年级教材)
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地点副词可放于句尾,也可放于句首;若有时间副词时,多置于时间副词前:Don’t stand outside. 别站在外面。/she is coming here tomorrow. 她明天到这里来。
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程度副词一般在所修饰的形容词、副词前,修饰动词时一般在动词后: Mary speaks Chinese quite well. 玛丽的汉语说得很好。/ Granny looks after me carefully. 我奶奶照顾我很仔细。
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方式副词位置很灵活:He slowly closed the door. / He closed the door slowly. /Slowly he closed the door. 他慢慢地关上了门。
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疑问副词置于句首, 连接副词置于句中:Why don’t you ride your bike? 你为什么不骑自行车?/ Can you tell me where I can find my dog? 你能告诉我哪里能找到我的狗吗?
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考点精讲
考点1 如何区分形容词与副词?
形容词一般作定语或表语,因此前有系动词或后有名词时,多用形容词,否则就用副词。
I’m becoming more and more interested in China’s history these days. 这些天我越来越对中国历史感兴趣了。
I can play the guitar well. 我吉他弹得很好。
一点一练:
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. You spoke very ___________ (loud).
2. That sounds _____________ (wonder)
Keys:1.loudly 2. wonderful
考点2. 如何将形容词变为副词?
(1) 形容词变为副词一般在末尾加ly.规律是:
一般直接加-ly: badly, quietly
以e结尾,去e加 –ly: true——truly, due-----duly
以le结尾,变e 为y: terrible-----terribly, able---ably
以y结尾, 变y为i再加-ly: angry----angrily, lazy-----lazily
注意:以y结尾的单音节形容词直接加-ly, 如:shy-----shyly, dry------dryly
(2) 某些形容词和副词同形, 如:high, fast, enough, wrong, long, far, right, late, early, hard, straight, deep, daily, pretty等。
考点3 如何区分频率副词?
频率副词可按频率从大到小排列;
(1) 频率副词一字排
——————————————————————————————————→频率递减
Always usually often sometimes seldom never
(2) 图示百分比
100% 90% 60% 30% 1% 0%
Always usually often sometimes seldom never
It is seldom that a man lives to be a hundred years old. 人生百岁古来稀。
He had never been there before. You never can be sure. 他从前从未到过那里。 你永远不能确定。
考点4. 副词的比较等级和形容词的比较等级有什么区别?
副词的比较级和最高级与形容词的比较等级相似,规则变化是加-er/-est或more/most, 也分为同级比较(as/so…as)、比较级(比较级+than)及最高级。但副词的最高级常可省略定冠词the.
Who sings better, you or Li Ping?你和李萍,谁唱得好?
Who ran (the) fastest in the last sports meeting? 在上次运动会中谁跑得最快?
考点5 副词能修饰名词吗?
副词也可修饰名词,但多置于所修饰的名词后。
The people there are very friendly. 那里的人很友好。
考点6 怎样辨别副词和介词?
有些词语既能作副词,又能作介词,要认真辨别:
(1) 副词能作表语,介词不能单独作表语,介词短语才能作表语。
He was in just now. (副词)
The apples are in the basket. (介词)
(2) 介词后可跟宾语,副词后无宾语。
Let’s walk along. (副词)/ We went for a walk along the road. (介词)
考点7 副词辨析
(1) ago; before
① ago只作副词,表示从现在算起的若干时间之前,句子要用过去时。Before可作介词,后接时间点,谓语可用将来时、现在时。
Sun Wukong was put under Taihang Mountain five hundred years ago. 五百年前孙悟空被压在太行山下。
I have never been to Tibet before. 我从前从未去过西藏。
② before也可用作副词,表示从过去某时算起的若干时间之前,谓语常用过去完成时。
When Nezha met Jiang Ziya, Shen Gongbao had caught Xiaolongnv three days before. 当哪吒见到姜子牙时,申公豹已于三天前抓住了小龙女。
【妙图巧计】
ago 现在
in the past In the future 将来
过去 now
Before
(2) very; quite
quite 和very 都是程度副词,区别有二:very语气比quite强;在修饰形容词时,若有a/an, quite 一般要置于a/an之前。
You are quite a beautiful girl. 你是个相当漂亮的姑娘。
That was a very heavy snow. 那是一场非常大的雪。
(3) much too; too much
much too是副词短语, 用于修饰形容词或副词,也可以修饰动词,意为“太,非常”。而too much 为形容词,用于修饰不可数名词,意为“太多”。
You are much too fat. Don’t eat too much. 你太胖了,别吃得太多。
(4) so; such
such常修饰名词,so 多修饰形容词或副词。 二者常用于so/such…that结构中,引导结果状语从句。
He told us such a funny story. =He told us so funny a story. 他给我们讲了这样一个有趣的故事。
注意:后面的形容词为little, few, many, much时,要用so, 不用such.
There is so little time left that I have to leave at once. 剩下的时间不多了,我得马上离开。
(5) Quickly; fast; soon
Soon 指在不久的将来将要发生,也可以指过去很短时间之后发生了。Fast 着重指某运动着的物体动作迅速。Quickly着重指某个动作“迅速”地发生或完成,具有即可行动、毫不耽搁之意。
It often rains and the trees grow fast. 经常下雨,那些树木长得很快。
He quickly got up and went on running. 他迅速爬起来继续跑。
Soon they finished the work and went home. 不久,他们完成了工作回家了。
(6) how often; how long; how soon
how often询问频率
-----How often do you go to school? 你多久去一次学校?
-----Five days a week. 每周五天。
How long 询问长度或时间段。 询问时间时,常询问某一动作进行了多久。
------How long is this desk? 这课桌有多长?-----About two metres. 大约两米。
-----How long have you been at this school? 你在这个学校多久了?-----For about three years.大约三年了。
How soon 询问将来的时间,其答语常是“in+时间段”构成的时间
------How soon can you come? 你什么时候能来?-----In three days. 三天以后。
(7) already; yet
already常用于完成时态中,并多用于肯定陈述句,位于动词be、助动词后,实义动词前。
He had already left when I called. 我给他打电话时,他已经走了。
Yet不可用于肯定句,多用于否定句和疑问句句末。
Have you seen Harry Porter yet? 你看过《哈利波特》吗?
(8) too; also; either
also 用于肯定句,一般位于系动词、情态动词后,实义动词前。
I have also been to Taiyuan. 我也去过太原。
Too 一般只用于肯定句或疑问句,并常置于句末或插入句子中间,前后常用逗号隔开。
Are you a student, too?你也是个学生吗?
Either 用于否定句或否定回答中,置于句末。
They didn’t go to the park, either. 他们也没有去公园。
(9) sometimes; sometime; some times; some time
① sometimes意为“有时”,相当于at times, 表示频率。
I sometimes walk to school. 我有时步行去上学。
② sometime意为“某时”,指过去或将来的某个时间,表示时间点而非时间段
You might lose it sometime yesterday. 可能昨天某个时间你把它丢了。
③ some time 是名词短语,表示一段时间。
It took me some time to finish my home work. 我花了一些时间完成作业。
④ some times 意为“几次”,表示次数。
They tried some times. At last they dropped it. 他们试了几次,最后还是放弃了。
考点专练
考点1专练 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. They boy kept ____________ and he sat there __________ (quiet).
2. This question is ___________. I think you can answer it ______________ (easy).
3. Look! They are dancing _________. How ___________ they are! (happy)
4. The boss looked at her _________ when she stopped him, but the __________ boss didn’[t know her. (angry)
5. ------Drive ____________, please. ---------Don’t worry. This is a ________ place. (safe)
考点2专练 将下面的形容词变成副词
1. bad _________
2. quick _______
3. sudden ________
4. lucky ___________
5. true _________
6. terrible _________
7. slow _________
8. careful _________
9. good ___________
10. high _________
11. straight ______________
12. shy _________
13. usual ____________
14. gentle____________
15. polite ___________
考点3专练 根据汉语提示用适当的频率副词填空
1. You’re __________ (总是)late.
2. __________ (有时) he rides a bike to school.
3. We _______________ (经常) go to the park on Sundays.
4. She ____________ (很少) stays at home.
5. I have ____________ (从未) been to Beijing.
考点4专练 用所给的形容词或副词的适当形式填空
1. He reads English ___________ (fast) in his class.
2. It’s getting _________ and ___________ (good).
3. You came ___________ (late) of all the students this morning.
4. She doesn’t speak as __________ (good) as her friend.
5. Who runs __________ (slow), Tom or John?
考点5专练 改正下面每个句子中的一处错误
1. Do you know who is the there man?
2. The upstairs man went downstairs.
3. Here life is full of joy.
4. She always meets him on her home way.
考点6专练 判断下面句子中划线部分的词是介词还是副词
1. A new play is on now. ______________-
2. These apples are red on the tree. ___________
3. Go along this road. ___________
4. Tom, come along, please. ________
考点7专练 选用括号内适当的词语填空
1. Have you ever been to Beijing _______? (ago, before)
2. He went to Shanghai two days ____________. (ago, before)
3. Two months is __________ a long time. (quite, very)
4. The man is _________ old. (quite, very)
5. There is __________ rain in this place. The rain is __________ heavy. (much too, too much)
6. This dictionary is __________ expensive. But it’s _________ a good dictionary. (such, so)
7. Don’t drive so _________. It’s not too far. We can get there __________. (quickly, fast, soon)
8. -----___________ should I take this medicine? ------Every four hours.
-----____________did it take you to finish the novel? ----- Four hours.
----____________ can I get there? ------In five minutes. (how long, how soon, how often)
9. -----Have you finished your homework _________? ------ Yes. I have ________ finished. (already, yet)
10. This is __________ an interesting book. Boys like it and girls like it, ___________. (too, either, also)
11. I’ll stay here for ______________. (sometime, some time, some times, sometimes)
提高练习
I. 单项选择
1. You have _________ got to know him, have you?
A. hard B. hardly C. nearly D. almost
2. _________ the man wasn’t hurt badly.
A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckly D. Luckily
3. ___________ should I put all these things?
A. However B. Whatever C. Wherever D. Whenever
4. I have gone ________, for I have a dozen irons in the fire.
A. nowhere recently B. recently nowhere
C. everywhere recently D. recently everywhere
5. I have learned ___________ a thousand English words.
A. not than B. more not than C. more than no D. no more than
II. 将下面的汉语句子译为英语,每空词数不限
1. 他写得不如我仔细。
He writes ______________________________________________ 。
2. 我计划在那里能待多久就待多久。
I plan to stay there _______________________________________________________-.
3. 我英语讲得不及你一半好。
I don’t speak _________________________________________ you.
4. 他和我都不擅长英语。
She is ______________________________________________I.
III. 根据汉语提示或选择适当的词语填空,完成下面的短文。
My brother is a good student. He is always careful about everything. One day, he stayed at home ______1________ (alone, lonely). At first, he practiced writing. He wrote very ____2_____(又仔细又慢). Soon he felt very hot and he opened the door __3_______ (wide, widely). About half an hour ___4_______(late, lately, later), a thief broke into the house. He tied my brother and began to look for money in the room. My brother tried to untie the rope, but failed. He didn’t _______5_______ (放弃). He moved himself to the door slowly. At last he ran out of the house and shouted. The neighbours came and caught the thief. People spoke ________6____ (high, highly) of my brother.
综合测试
满分:100 时间:45分钟 姓名:_______ 得分:_______
I. 根据句意以及首字母提示填空, 使句意完整 (共10小题,20分)
1. Now computers are very popular. Many people use computers t__________.
2. It was very hot y___________.
3. She had a___________ left when I arrived.
4. My father is o___________ this morning, but he will be in this afternoon.
5. We u_________ take the school bus to go to school.
6. The children are s________ ill. They are very healthy.
7. We are Young Pioneers. They are a_________ Young Pinoneers.
8. P_________ the letter will come today. I’m not sure.
9. They left here three days a___________.
10. Don’t speak so l__________. You may wake your father up.
II. 根据汉语提示用适当的单词填空,完成句子(15题,15分)
1. the man __________ (楼下的) went back at night.
2. Maybe you lost your purse ___________ (某处) in your school.’
3. Have you looked for it _______________ (任何地方)in the library?
4. She was ______________ (相当) hurt by his unkind words.
5. The old man shouted at the monkeys _______________ (生气地).
6. The little boy sat there ______________ (静静地).
7. _________________(什么时候,在哪里) did you find your son?
8. I don’t know ___________ (为什么) she did such a thing.
9. The old man is five years _________ (小)than the old woman.
10. We’ll _______________ (下车) at the second bus stop.
11. He goes ______________________ (上上下下) in the lift.
12. English is _____________ (广泛)used in the world.
13. Bad luck! The man was hurt _____________________ (严重)。
14. In our class, Li Feng sings ____________ (好) of all the students.
15. We can’t go any _______________ (更远) ahead with this out-of-date policy.
III. 单项选择 (共15小题,30分)
1. ------ _____________ do you have an English party? -------Once a month.
A. How old B. How far C. How often D. How long
2 If you want to know the word __________, you’d better look it up in the dictionary.
A. hardly B. carefully C. mostly D. exactly
3. ----I really want to know ___________ Sun Yao is.
-----It is said that he is much better these days.
A. what B. how C. where D. who
4. -----Li Xin thinks Yao Ming is becoming the most famous basketball p0layer in the world.
----- __________.
A. So do I. B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am
5. She always finishes her homework on time. She __________ leaves it for tomorrow.
A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes
6. -----I always listen to the teacher __________ in class. --------It’s very clever of you to do that.
A. free B. freely C. careful D. carefully
7. Remember to e-mail me. All of us hope to hear from you __________.
A. quickly B. soon C. fast D. quick
8. -----Who gets up __________, your father or your mother? -------My mother.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earlier
9. -----_________ will it take us to get there by bus?------About two hours.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick
10. ----Who jumped the ________ of all in the long jump? -----Li Lei did.
A. longest B. longer C. farther D. hardly
11. It’s ____________ a beautiful stamp.
A. quite B. too C. very D. so
12. ----How does Bill drive now, Sue? ------He drives _______ me.
A. much more careful than B. as careful as
C. even more careful than D. as carefully as
13. People in different countries behave ________ when they eat dinner.
A. politely B. differently C. healthily D. quietly
14. Tom didn’t know anything about the paper because he _________ got any time to read it at that time.
A. hard B. hardly C. almost D. nearly
15. Don’t worry. We’ve got __________ for all of you.
A. big enough a room B. enough big a room
C. a big enough room D. a room enough big
IV. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (共10小题,20分)
1. He runs ___________ (slow) than me.
2. An elephant is ___________ (heavy) of all the animals in the zoo.
3. Who is _________ (good) at English, Tim or John?
4. The girl is __________ (outgoing) in our class.
5. You are one of _________ (careful) boys in the village.
6. Who runs _____________ (quick) in your class?
7. The girl thinks she is ___________ (beautiful).
8. Don’t speak ________ (loud).
9. Tom is the second ______ (tall) in our class.
10. The bus goes less ___________ (quick) than the bike.
V. 综合填空 用方框里所给单词的适当形式或根据汉语提示填空 (共10小题, 15分)
“Who did this ?” asked my teacher __1___ (angry). Thirty children tried to think about not only what they had done, but also what our teacher might have found out.
“Who did this?” she asked again. She wasn’t ______2___ (real) asking, she was demanding an answer. She ___3___ (always) became angry, but she was this time. She held up a piece of broken glass and asked, “Who broke this window?”
“Oh, oh,” I thought. I was the one who broke the window. I did not do it on purpose (有意地). It was caused by a bad throw of a baseball. Why did it have to be me?
If I admitted it, I would be in a lot of trouble. How would I be able to pay for a big window like that? “My father is going to get ___4__ _ (mad) at me,” I thought. I didn’t want to raise my hand, but some force much __5__ (strong) than me pulled it up. “I did it. “ Then I was __6___ (沉默) . It was hard __7___ (足够) saying what I had.
My teacher went to one of our library shelves and took down a book. She __8 ___ (然后) began walking towards my desk. I had never known my teacher to strike a student, but I feared she was going to start with me.
“I know how you like birds, Henry.” She said as she stood looking down at my face. “Here is that field guide about birds that you are ___9___ (总是) checking out. It is yours. We got a new one for the school ____10___ (无论如何). You will not be punished. But remember, it’s only for your truthfulness.”
I couldn’t believe it! I wasn’t being punished and I was getting my very own bird field guide, the very one that I had been saving up all my money to buy.
答案:
专点专练:
专点1: 1. quiet; quietly 2. easy; easily 3. happily; happy 4. angrily; angry 5. safely; safe
考点2: 1.badly 2. quickly 3. suddenly 4. luckily 5. truly 6. terribly 7. slowly 8. carefully 9. well 10. high 11. straight 12. shyly 13. usually 14. gently 15. politely
考点3: 1 always 2. Sometimes 3. often 4. seldom 5. never
考点4:1. fastest 2. better, better 3. latest 4. well 5. more slowly
考点5: 1. there man -----man there 2. upstairs man -----man upstairs 3. Here life ----Life here 4. home way--- way home
考点6. 1副词 2. 介词3. 介词45. 副词
考点7: 1. before 2. ago 3. quite 4. very 5. too much; much too 6. so; such 7. fast/quickly; soon 8. How often; How long; How soon 9. yet; already 10. also; too 11. some time
提高练习
I.
1. B. hard做副词讲, 意为“努力地”;而hardly也是副词,意为“几乎不”,是否定词。
2. D. 此处应用副词luckily作状语,修饰整个句子。
3. C. wherever用作疑问副词,表示“究竟在那里”。
4. A. 当时间副词和地点副词同时出现时, 时间副词置于地点副词之后。
5. D. no more than=only, 意为“只不过,仅仅”, 而not more than =at most, 意为“至多,不超过”。
II.
1. less carefully than I do. 在than引导的从句中,动词常用do, does ,did代替。
2. as long as I can/as long as possible。“as+原级+as” “主语(与前面主语相同)+can/could” 或possible结构表示 “所能做到的极限”。
3. half so well as. 表示“比。。。。多(大、小、少。。。。)几倍”时用“倍数词(half, twice…等)+as…as…” 结构。
4. no better at English than. “no+比较级+than” 意为“都不”,是对两者的共同否定。 而“not+比较级+than”意为”不及“,表示前者不如后者。
III.
1. alone. Alone能作副词,表示“独自地”; 而lonely 只能用作形容词,表示“寂寞的”.
2. slowly and carefully. 多个方式副词同时修饰动词,其排列顺序为长词在后,短词在前。
3. wide. Wide 和widely都是wide的副词,但wide意为“宽地; 大大地”而widely则意为“广泛地”。
4. later. Late 意为“迟到”,lately意为“近来,最近”,而later 则意为“后来”。 此处的half an hour later意为“半小时后”。
5. give it up. “动词+副词”构成的短语,其宾语为代词时,代词要放在动词和副词之间。
6. highly. High的副词可以是high, 也可以是highly, high 意为“高”,而highly意为“高度地”, speak highly of 意为“高度赞扬”。
综合测试
I.
1. oday 2.esterday 3 lready 4. ut 5. sually 6. eldom 7. lso 8. erhaps 9. go 10. oudly
II.
1. downstairs 2. somewhere 3. anywhere 4. rather 5. angrily 6. quietly 7. When and where 8. why 9. younger 10. get off 11. up and down 12. widely 13. badly/seriously 14. best 15. further
III. 1—5 CDBAB 6-10 DBBCA 11—15 ADBBC
IV. 1. more slowly 2. the heaviest 3. better 4. the most outgoing 5. the most careful 6. most quickly 7. beautiful 8. loudly 9. tallest 10. quickly
V. 此题是将副词和形容词的判断放在短文中进行,。要求根据上下文判断词形和意义。做题时要注意形容词和副词在句子中的功能,还要注意前后句的搭配,以及肯定和否定的运用。
1. angrily.根据动词asked 可判断用副词。
2. really. 不要受was 的影响而用形容词real, 此处的really是修饰动词asking的
3. never.后面的but是暗示点,表示转折,所以这个句子应该用否定意义的never.
4. mad. Get是暗示点,它是系动词,故后面要用形容词,
5. stronger. 根据后面的than 判断要用形容词的比较级。
6. silent 前面是was, 故后面用形容词。
7. enough. Enough修饰形容词hard应置后。
8. then
9. always
10. anyway