初一英语冠词、介词、连词知识点小节辅导导学案
学生:
课题
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冠词、介词、连词
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时间
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2012 年 月 日
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课型
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复习
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课时
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2
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主备人
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审核人
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教学目标:
1、 熟练掌握冠词、各种介词的用法并且认识连词以及其简单的用法,熟记一些与介词搭配的词组和序数。
教学重点难点:
掌握各种介词的用法。
知识点:
1. 冠词 a / an / the
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
冠词易混点清单
1. 不定冠词a/ an (规则:不见原因不加an, 不看字母看发音)
___ honest boy / There is ____ “f “ in the word “five”
2. 区别以u 开头的单词
____ umbrella, ____ unusual story, _____ unhappy boy, ____ university, ____ useful book
3. 序数词前用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
The + 序数词 表“第几”/ “a/ an + 序数词”表“又一,再一”
The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.
4. a number of / the number of 区别
a number of “许多”,= a lot of ,作主语时,谓语用复数。
the number of “。。。的数目/数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数。
_________ students like playing computer games.
_________ the students ____ about 1, 500 in our school.
5. 在句型“动词+人+介词+the+身体部位”中,用the, 不用物主代词。
Take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手 / hit sb. on the head. 打某人的头
Pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩 / hit sb. in the face. 打某人的脸
6. 当名词被其他词修饰时,不定冠词a, an的位置须注意:
1) 当名词被such, half, what , many 修饰,不定冠词放其后
It took me half an hour to write the letter.
2) 当名词前的形容词被so, how , too修饰,不定冠词放在形容词后。
She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
2. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
介词易混点清单
1、 in/ on
on the tree “在树上”(属于树本身)/ in the tree “在树上”(外来物落在树上)
on the wall “在墙上”(挂在墙面上)/ in the wall “在墙上”(镶嵌在墙内)
There are some apples _____ the tree. / There is a bird ______ in the tree.
There is a map _____ the wall. / There is a window ____ the wall.
2、 between / among
between “在。。。两者间”,among “在。。。三者或三者以上内”
Maria sits _____ Lucy and Lily. / Miss Wang stands ______ her students.
3. in / after
in 表以此刻为起点的将来一个时间段后,常用在将来时中。 Then will come bake in five days.
after + 时间段,多用于过去时; after + 时间点,常用于将来时。
I’ll ring you up after two o’clock. / They finished the work after ten years.
4. but / besides/ except
but 除。。。之外,常与表否定意义的词连用。We can do nothing but wait.
besides 除。。。之外,还有 在原有基础上加一 I have a new friend besides you.
except 除。。。之外,不再有 在原有基础上减一 All the students went to the zoo except Jim.
作用
状语The book is very popular among young people.
定语Most of the products on display are new ones.
表语The book is out of print.
复合宾语We found the map quite out of date.
3、连词
连词不能在句中独立担任句子成分而只起到连接词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子的作用。
Are we to have the contest today or tomorrow?
Do you have your coaching in the afternoon or in the evening?
Hurry up, or we’ll be late!
分类
连词主要分为两类:并列连词和从属连词
并列连词用于连接平行的词,词组,或分句。But however nevertheless for or either or
表示并列 Men and women, old and young , all joined the battle.
表示转折 He tried hard but he was unsuccessful.
从属连词用于引起从句。
表达时间I will discuss this with you when we meet.
表达原因You’d better put on your sweater, for it’s rather cold out side.
表达条件If you can do it, so can I.
4.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
5.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
6. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
7.词组
on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后
a map of China 一张中国地图 under the chair 在椅子下面
near the door 在门附近 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
this way 这边走 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
have a seat 坐下,就坐 the teacher's desk 老师的讲桌
课后作业:
介词
1.If you get on well _____ your classmates , you’ll enjoy your school life more.
A.to B.at C.with D.in
2.Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai_____April 29 to work for theWorld Expo.
A.on B.at C.of D.to
3.What time do you expect me back ,Mum?
------Say,_____half an hour.
A.at B.before C.in D.for
4.Connie arrived_____the village_____a snowy night.
A.at;on B.at;in C.in;at D.in;on
5.The food_____my country is quite different_____ that here.
A.in;like B.to;from C.from;to D.in;from
6.Linda’s teacher was so mad_____her because she made lots of mistakes in the test.
A.at B.in C.on D.about
7.Xiao Shenyang is so popular_____us.
----Yeah,he is one of my favorite pop stars.
for B.to C.with D.on
8.Please call hot line_____12345 for help if you have any problem.
A.under B.at C.as D.in
根据提示完成句子。
9.People______(超过)eighteen can join Oxfam Trailwalker.
10.We Chinese People are not_____(害怕)any difficulty.
11.The lake lies_____(在······之间)the two villages.
12.I’d like to listen music_____(而不是)surfing on line.
连词
1.We’ll visit Expo 2010 Shanghai this Sunday_____it rains or it’s very hot.
A.since B.if C.unless D.untill
2.Would you like to go to the concert with me?
-----I’d love to,_____I’m afraid I have no time.
So B.or C.and D.but
3.Jenny,put on your coat,_____you will catch a cold.
A.but B.and C.or D.so
4.Jane,please turn off the lights_____you leave the classroom.
A.affter B.before C.untill D.but
5_____you_____your brother can join us.We want one of you.
Both;and B.Neither;nor C.Either;or D.Not only;but also
6._____Switzerland is very small,_____it is the land of watch and it id very rich.
A.Though;but B.Because;so C.Because;/ D.Though;/
7_____Tom_____Mary speaks good Chinese,so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.
Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.Either;or
8.The film”Kung Fu Panda” is_____interesting_____I would like to see it again.
A.such;that B.too;to C.as;as D.so;that
9.Linda tried to become an excellent teacher,_____at last she succeeded.
A.so B.or C.but D.and
10.---Where was your brother at this time last time?
---He was writing an e-mail_____I was watching TV at home.
as soon as B.after C.untill D.while
根据提示完成句子
11.她不仅喜欢语文,也喜欢其他学科。
She likes_____ _____Chinese_____ _____ _____subjects.
12. 我们急忙吃了早饭,以便能赶上早班车。
We finished our breakfast_____ _____ _____ _____ _____we could catch the early bus.
13.I don’t eat meat and my mother doesn’t,_____(也).
14.We won’t go climbing the mountain if it_____(下雨).
15.刘强不仅对家长有礼貌,对他的邻居们也很有礼貌。
Liu Qiang is polite________________________________.
代词练习
1. If you drove more carefully,your uncle would be all rught and tou wouldn't have hurt_____.
A.himself B.yourself C.itself D.yourselves
2.The schools in Shanghuai are not different from________.
A.those in Beijing B.that of Beijing C.Beijng D.beijing's students
3.All parents love their children,and my parents love_______, too.
A.ours B.theirs C.them D.his
4."When shall we meet next tame?" "__________ day is OK. "
A.Either B.neither C.None D.Any
5.There are quite a few old books on the shelf,,but______of thiem is useful to him.
A.both B.all C.None D.any
6.The smiths have visited two famous cities.One is in Japan and_______is in Chi-na.
A.another B.other C.others D.The other
7.The pen is_______.She wrote ________name with it______.
A.hers;her;herself B.her;hers;her C.her;hers;herself D.her;herself;hers
8.That bridge is almost broken._______is not safe to cross the bridge.
A.lt B'she C.This D.That
9.These are_____cups.______are over there.
A.our;Yours B.yours;Mine C.his;Our D.their;Your
10.The old men has_______friends.So he often feels lonely.
Afew B.a few C.little D.a little
冠词
1. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.
A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an
2. Britain is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history.
A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a
4. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.
A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the
5. We always have ______rice for ______lunch.
A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the
6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half to finish ______ work.
A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /
7. ______ doctor told me to take ______ medicine three times
______day, stay in _____bed, then I would be better soon.
A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /
8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ____ picture very much.
A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the
9. January is ______first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
10. Shut _____door, please.
A. a B. an C. the D./
连词:答案:CDCBCDBDDD
11.not only;but also other
12.in a hurry so that
13.either
14.rains
15.not only to his parents but also to his neighbors.
介词:答案:C A C A D A C B
9.over10.afraid of 11.between12.instead of
代词1-5 BABDD 6-10 DAAAA
冠词1-5 ACDCA 6-10 CCADC
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