常用词缀及示例                 

                           

前缀及部分常用词根                        

a-           1. 表语性形容词  2. 加强意义  3. 在 “in, at, on”          

       例：       awake, aware, arise, arouse, aboard, abroad, ahead, alike, alive, asleep            

fore        beforehand, front, before 先，前，预       

       例：       forecast, forefinger, forehead, foremost, foresee        

mis-        坏，恶，误          

       例：       misfortune, mislead, mistake, misunderstand, misuse         

out-        超出，在外，出外，胜过，超过             

       例：       outbreak, outcome, outlet, outline, outlook, output, outnumber        

over-              过度，越过； 颠倒， 反转， 在上        

       例：       overall, overcoat, overhead, overthrow, overcome, overseas             

un-         不，无， 做相反的动作， 移开，消除          

       例：       unable, unbearable, uncertain, uncover, unfit, unknown, unfold, unfair           

              unnecessary, unwilling, unlike, unlock, unpleasant            

under-            在…下， 低于， 不足             

       例：       underdeveloped, undergo, understand, underground, underlie, underwear        

ab-, a-            脱离，离开，离去             

       例：       abnormal, abortion, absent, abuse        

bi-          二，两，重          

       例：       biennial, bimonthly, bilingual             

semi-             半          

       例：       semiannual, semimonthly, semicircle          

circum-,circu-        周围，环             

       例：       circumstance, circuit, circulate, circle, circulation             

com-              共同             

       例：       collaborate, collect, co-operate, corporation, company       

contra-, counter-           反，相对             

       例：       contrast, controversial, counter, counteract, contradiction          

de-          出，离；向下，贬低          

       例：       depreciate (比：appreciate), degrade, destroy            

dis-, di-, dif-          离， 分开；不，无；动作的相反或取消        

       例：       disabled, dissuade, differ, disappear, disagree, dislike, disadvantage         

inter-             在…之间， 相互        

       例：       interaction, interfere, international, interrupt, interview            

ex-, e-, ef-             出外， 除去，完全           

       例：       emigrate, exclude, exhibition, expand         

in-, im-          内，向内， 入           

       例：       immigrate, include, imprison, indoors        

extra-             以外，超过          

       例：       extra, extraordinary             

in-, im-          不，无， 非        

       例：       impossible, illegal, illogical, inaccurate, irregular, impatient            

             

             

pre-        先，前，超

       例：       precaution, preface, prefer, preview, prewar

re-          回，后退；再，又

       例：       remind, rewrite, react, replace, review, reveal, refine, recall

sub-        在…之下；低于，秘密地

       例：       subconscious, suffice, suppress,substandard, subsurface, subdivide

super-, sur-            上，超

       例：       superficial, surface, surplus, supermarket, superman, supernatural

trans-, tra-             跨越，转，传

       例：       transatlantic, transform, transmit, transport, tyadition, translate

auto-              自己

       例：       automatic, automobile, autonomous, autonormy,

equ-        均，平等

       例：       equal, equality, equator

form              形式

              formal, conform, deform, unform, reform, uniform

min-, mini-            较小，较少

       例：       minor, minute, miniature, minority, minus

port        持，拿，运

       例：       portable, porter, export, import, support, transport

press-             压

       例：       pressure, compress, express, impress

spec-              看

       例：       spectacle, aspect, expect, inspect, prospect, respect

vid-, vis-        看，看见

       例：       visible, vision, visual, evident, revise, visa, visitor, video

bi-, bio-         生命，生物

       例：       biochemistry, biography, biology

geo-        地，地球

       例：       geography, geometry, geology

gram              写，图形

       例：       graph, program, photograph, telegram

log-        言语，推理

       例：       logic, logical, apology, apologize, dialogue, monologue

cap-, capit-            头

       例：       cap, capital, captain, caption

cent(i)            百，百分之一

       例：       cent, century, centigrade, centimetre

常见后缀                           

 -dom            表地位.身分.领域.条件.状况             

       例：       freedom, kingdom, wisdom, boredom        

 -hood           表状态.地位.特征        

       例：       childhood, brotherhood, motherhood, neighborhood         

 -ness            表状态.性质         

       例：       happiness, likeness, sadness, weakness, darkness, goodness        

 -ship            表性质.情况.地位.身分       

       例：       friendship, hardship, leadership, ownership, scholarship           

 -er,ar,or,ist,ant             表做某事的人                                      

       例：       painter, beggar, sailor, lawyer, liar, scientist, assistant, consultant       assistant  

 -d, -ed          加在名等后构成形                  

       例：       aged, sleilled, talented, broken, golden-haired           

 -en        由...做成的                                                                          

       例：       wooden, woolen, waxen, oaken           

 -fold            表倍数                                                                                           例：       twofold, fivefold                                                                        -ful             充满....的.富有....的                                                              

       例：       cheerful, doubtful, harmful, skilful, hopeful, fruitful        

 -ish              如...的.似...的.有...性质的                                                      

       例：       boyish, girlish, selfish, blmish, blackish, greenish             

 -less             无...的.不...的                                                                          例：       fearless, harmless, hopeless, helpless, endless, aimless, needless        

 -like             如.. ..的.似...的                                                                      

       例：       dreamlike, warlike, fatherlike, starlike        

 -ly        如...的.有...性质的；加在形后构成副                                 

       例：       manly, homely, lovely, friendly, kingly, widely, badly       

 -some           如...的.似...的.有...性质的                                                          

       例：       tiresome, troublesome, burelensome           

 -ward           向...的.朝...的                                                                       

       例：       eastward, outward, unward, backward, forward, westward        

       例：       windy, shady, muddy, icy, healthy, wealthy        

 -en        （及物动词后缀）（使）成为，（使）变得更                       

       例：       harden, shorten, deepen, sharpen, strengthen, frighten, widen          

 -age             行为，情况，总称                                                                       例：       marriage, usage, percentage, advantage       

 -ance, ancy,ence,ency          行为，行为结果，状态，性质                                                

       例：       abundance, guidance, excellence, frequency

 -ice              构成抽象名词表行为.状态.性质                                              

       例：       practice, cowardice, service

 -ment           行为，行为的结果.手段.状态                                                  

       例：       payment, agreement, employment, improvement, equipment, excitement, judgement

-ion        行为.结果.状态                                                        （n )    

       例：       creation, pollution, expansion, foundation, invitation, interpretation 

 -tude            表情况.性质                                                             （n ）   

       例：       gratitude, longitude, multitude, solitude      

 -ty        状态.性质                                 

       例：       beauty, loyalty, safety, certainty     (n ）

 -ure              行为（结果）.状态                            （n )     

       例：       failure, mixture, closure, moisture

 -y         情况，能力                                                                         例：       recovery, modesty, misery, mastery     

 -ette, -let             小                                                                                例：       cassette, cigarette, tablet, booklet 

 -al         属于...的                                                                    例：       personal, musical, global, govemmental    

 -ary              与...相关的，属于...的                                                       例：       secondary, elementary, planetary    

 -able, -ible           能...的，可...的                                                          例：       desirable, agreeable, lovable, comfortable, possible, responsible 

 -ic         属于...的                                       （adj )     

       例：       civic, academic, graphic

 -ive              有...倾向的                                                                   例：       active, massive, constructive    

 -ate              做，造，成，使成分                                                    （v )          例：       fascinate, decorate, evaporate

 -fy        使成为                                                                                 例：       identify, purify, simplify, electrify, qualify 

 -ize, -ise              （使 ）成为（及物v后缀）                                         （v )   例：       realize, mechanize, criticise