【英拉法德意西语单词说文解字】amateur和professional
(2016-06-21 17:28:41)
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英拉法德意西单词说文解字中小学生 |
分类: 练英语学拉丁语 |
【英拉法德意西语单词说文解字】amateur和professional
英语单词amateur实际上是一个法语单词。
【英语】amateur[5AmEtE(:), 5AmEtjuE]n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家(am+at+eur)
【法语】amateur
源自拉丁语amator。
【拉丁语】amator:amator, amatoris n. m. lover; friend, devotee; enthusiastic admirer/pursuer; one fond of women;(am+at+or)
am-拉丁语词根表“爱”,
-at, -or都是拉丁语中的后缀。
拉丁语单词amator源自拉丁语动词amare的过去分词amatus——变化后缀-us为-or。事实上,英语中以-or结尾的单词基本上都是源自拉丁语。如color, doctor, actor都是拉丁语单词。
【拉丁语】amator:amator, amatoris n. m. |amateur, dilettante;(am+at+or)
【拉丁语】amo:amo, amare, amavi, amatus v. love, like; fall in love with; be fond of; have a tendency to;(am+are)
注:-are, -ere, -ire动词后缀,意大利语继承,法语、西班牙语稍作简化。
【意大利语】amare
法语中把后缀-or变化为-eur。英语、德语、荷兰语、西班牙语中采用法语中的形式。
【德语】Amateur
【荷兰语】amateur (de)
【西班牙语】amateur
意大利语中是在拉丁语单词amator后面加上e。
【意大利语】amatore
amatore della musica classica 古典音乐爱好者
(2) 收集者:
un amatore di strumenti musicali tradizionali 一位传统乐器的收藏者
(3) [体] 业余运动员
小结:记忆这些语言中的上述单词的重点都是拉丁语词根am-。
和amateur相对的单词是professional。
【英语】professional[prE5feFEnl]n.自由职业者, 专业人员, 职业运动员, 职业艺人adj.专业的, 职业的(pro+fess+ion+al)
-al形容词后缀
【英语】profession[prE5feFEn]n.职业, 专业, 表白, 宣布(pro+fess+ion)
-ion名词后缀
【英语】profess[prE5fes]vt.声称, 承认, 明言, 宣布,表明信仰
以...为业(以教授身分)教, 教授(课程等)(pro+fess)
在后面加上-or就是professor。
【英语】professor[prE5fesE]n.(大学)教授, [美](泛指)教师, 教员,公开表示信仰(宗教等)的人, 声称...的人(of)(pro+fess+or)
前面介绍过,英语中的以-or结尾的单词多数是拉丁语单词。
英语单词profess源自法语的profes,源自拉丁语professus。
【拉丁语】profiteor:profiteor, profiteri, professus sum v. declare; profess;(pro+fite+or)
和前面介绍的amateur一样,法语中把-or变化为-eur。所以,您可以不费吹灰之力掌握professor在法语中的形式。
【法语】professeur
德语中也有相当的单词。
【德语】Professor [der] pl.Professoren 教授。大学教授。(pro+fess+or)
意大利语依然是加上e。
【意大利语】professore
professore di scuola media 中学教师
professore universitario 大学教授
professore di matematica 数学教员
professore di musica 音乐教师
professore ordinario (正式) 教授
professore incaricato (supplente) 编外的教师
scrivere una lettera al professor Mario 写信给马里奥教授
【西班牙语】profesor:profesor/-a m.f.
注:fess-变化为fes-
英语中的profession实际上是法语单词。
【法语】profession
【德语】Profession
【西班牙语】profesión
英语单词professional源自法语的professionnel。
【法语】professionnel
【德语】Professional
【意大利语】professionale
【西班牙语】profesional
建议在认识amateur和professional的基础上大概地读一读:
The word amateur is normally used to mean: somebody who does something (e.g. a job) without being paid for it, or without having had training or education for it.
The opposite of an amateur is a professional.
A professional is someone who has had formal training for something. He (or she) will expect to be paid a professional fee for the job.
The word “amateur” comes from a French word meaning: "lover of".
An amateur is someone who does something (e.g. play the piano, football) because they enjoy doing it.
They are not doing it in order to be paid.
It is not how they earn money to live.
People often forget the real meaning of the word “amateur”.
It is often used to mean: someone who is not good at something.
Someone’s performance might be described as “amateurish”, i.e. not very good.
amateurish[7AmE5tE:riF, -5tjuEriF]adj.业余的, 非职业的, 不熟练的(am+at+eur+ish)
-ish这里是形容词后缀,请复习childish, foolish。
i.e.[5ai5i:]adv.也就是
On the other hand, they might be described as having done a very “professional” job, i.e. a very good job.
Although one might expect a professional to be better than an amateur, this is not always the case.
Someone might be a very good amateur pianist, possibly better than some professionals.
In some jobs it would be impossible for amateurs to be allowed to work.
One cannot have amateur doctors or lawyers.
In some areas, however, amateurs have been very useful, e.g. in computer programming or astronomy or birdwatching.
For example,Wikipedia is written by amateurs.