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【识字是记忆外语单词的根本】练英语、学印尼语:认识前缀me-

(2015-01-03 15:59:22)
标签:

印尼语

前缀

外语单词

动词

及物动词

分类: 玩英语

【识字是记忆外语单词的根本】练英语、学印尼语:认识前缀me-

 

印尼语动词在句子中使用前缀me-(表主动行为),使用di-表(被动行为)。前缀me-的另一个功能是加在名词前构成动词。

 

Me- verbs

Verbs (action/doing words) in Indonesian often have a me- prefix.

There are so many words that can have the me- prefix on them that there could be a whole dictionary full of me- words.

So words are put in the dictionary under their base-word.

There are five me- prefixes assigned to the different letters of the alphabet.

 

For example, all words that can have a me- prefix that start with L, M, N, R, W, or Y have the prefix me-.

All words that can have a me- prefix that start with C, D, or J have the prefix men-.

All except for two letters (that are rarely used in Indonesian) are listed in the table below next to their prefix.

Me-

L melanjutkan
M
memaafkan
N
menantikan
R
merindukan
W
mewujudkan
Y
meyakinkan

说明:上面的单词皆以前缀me-开头,以后缀-kan(构成及物动词)结尾。

也就是说,重点要记忆的只是中音的词根部分,也就是说

【印尼语】lanjut continue, continued, continued, continuing

 

Men-

C mencoba
D
mendorong
J
menjelang
(T)
menulis (the t gets dropped when the men- gets added, so for menulis you'd look up tulis)

前缀me-c,d,j前变化为men-,在t前脱落t再加上men-

也就是说,在tulis前加前缀men-的结果是menulis

【印尼语】menulis  쓰다, 문자로 쓰는writemen+(t)ulis

【印尼语】tulis write, wrote, written, writing

【英语】tulip  [tu·lip || 'tu:lɪp /'tju-]n.  郁金香, 郁金香球茎, 郁金香花

【英语】lip  [lɪp]n.  嘴唇; ; 唇的周围; 唇状物

【西班牙语】lis  f.  []百合

 

Meng-

A mengamati
E
mengeja
I
mengiklankan
O mengobati
U mengumumkan
G
menggosok
H
menghormati
(K)
mengunci (the k gets dropped when the meng- gets added, so for mengunci you'd look up kunci)

我以为,各种语言中的ng都是一种组合,表示[ŋ](或类似的读音)。

【印尼语】mengunci 자물쇠, 총기, 제륜장차 ; 잠그다, 걸다 lockmeng+(k)unc+i

【印尼语】kunci  key, lock, locked, locked, lockingkunc+i

-i是印尼语一种动词后缀

 

Mem-

B membalas
F
memformulirkan

 (P) memutus (the p gets dropped when the mem- gets added, so you'd look up putus)
V
memvonis

【印尼语】formulir =form(form+ul+ir)
【英语】formula[5fC:mjulE]n.公式, 规则, 客套语(form+ul+a

【印尼语】memutus 끊다, 멈추다, 끼어들다, 截断

【印尼语】putus= broken break, broke, broken, breaking

【英语】put [pʊt]n.  , 轻轻一击, 卖方的选择v.  , 安置, ; 出发, 发芽, 航行

【拉丁语】putusputus, puta, putum adj. pure, unmixed, unadulterated;put+us

 

Meny-

(S) menyakitkan (the s gets dropped when the meny- gets added, so for menyakitkan you'd look up sakit)

-ny也是一个组合,代表类似于[ja]的声音

【印尼语】menyakitkan 아픈, 괴로운, 쓰라린, 고통스럽게, 애써서 ; 고통스럽게 만들다, 상처를 주다 painful, pain

【印尼语】sakit =ill, pain

也就是说,在sakit前加前缀me-时,把me-变化为meny,并去掉s

 

 

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