练英语、学越南语：Hoan Kiem Lake （Hồ Hoàn Kiếm，还剑湖）

2014年春节期间，儿子带我们老两口去越南玩。到越南的第一站是河内，我们主要逛了还剑湖。

 http://fs01.bokee.net/userfilespace/2014/02/17/fangxia20226012.jpgKiem Lake （Hồ Hoàn Kiếm，还" />

这几个越南娃娃在人群中主动找人练英语，这让我想起十几年前那个特意从几十里外到我们这里（中安英语角）来找老外练英语的孙志文（他现在已经在加拿大读完博士并工作）。儿时的行为可能会影响他们的一生。

http://fs01.bokee.net/userfilespace/2014/02/17/fangxia20226028.jpgKiem Lake （Hồ Hoàn Kiếm，还" />

还剑湖（越南语：Hồ Hoàn Kiếm／湖還劍），越南河内市中心主要湖泊之一，原名绿水湖，后因传说越南国王黎利在此送剑还剑而改为现名。

传说黎利一日游湖时得神龟送来宝剑，此后黎利率军击败明朝驻军，建立后黎朝，成为安南国王。建国之后，黎利游湖之时见神龟前来索剑，便将天命剑交其带回。近代以来有人目击湖中有大鳖出现，据推测为世上仅存的数只斑鳖之一。

【越南语】Hồ Hoàn Kiếm

【英语】Hoan Kiem Lake

【汉语】还剑湖

越南语“Hồ Hoàn Kiếm”开头的“Hồ”是“湖”的意思，“Hoàn Kiếm”是“还剑”，“ Hoàn”是“还”，“Kiếm”是“剑”。

请比较：

【越南语】hồ  和、糊、壸、湖 hò  呼、胡

Hồ Chí Minh（胡志明）：1892?-1969,北越共党领袖,1954-69 任北越之元首 。Legendary leader of the Vietnamese communists in the North, he is virtually unknown to people in the South.

【汉语】湖hú〈名〉(形声。从水,胡声。本义:陆地上聚积的大水体)

【越南语】hoàn  环 峘 丸 脘 鯶 羦 还 缳 澴 唍 梡 圜 纨 荁 完 轘 亘 漩 垸 芄 皖紈 繯 貆 锾 鯇 鬟 阛  烷 儇 獂 嬛 狟 擐 镮 攌 環 汍 鐶 洹 郇 懁 凡 捖 莞 寰 桓 俒 鍰 萑 闤 還 瓛鹮 岏 懽

也就是说，至少有这么多的汉字在越南语中是以“hoàn”的形式出现的。我相信有不少中国人（包括我自己）不能完全认识这些汉字。越南语的这种做法的确是让孩子学习起来简单多了，但在意思表达上可以就没有汉语的精准了。

【汉语】还還huán<</SPAN>动>(形声。从辵(chuó,表示与行走有关),瞏(huán)声。本义:返回)

【越南语】kiếm  劔 劍 劒 釰 剱 剣 剑 斂 釼 劎

越南语和日语一样，似乎都没有“j”和“g”音，日语的“警官”“景观”、“桂冠”都读“けいかん（ke i ka n）”。现代汉语里的“j”和“g”都变成了“k”。很大的可能，日语、越南语、韩语中的很多汉字的读音基本上保留古汉语的读音。

【汉语】剑（劍、劒）jiàn<</SPAN>名>(形声。从刀,佥(qiān)声。本义:古代兵器。长刃两面,中间有脊,短柄)

Hoan Kiem Lake (Vietnamese: Hồ Hoàn Kiếm, meaning "Lake of the Returned Sword" or "Lake of the Restored Sword", also known as Hồ Gươm - Sword Lake) is a lake in the historical center of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam.

The lake is one of the major scenic spots in the city and serves as a focal point for its public life.

According to the legend, emperor Lê Lợi was boating on the lake when a Golden Turtle God (Kim Qui) surfaced and asked for his magic sword, Heaven's Will.

Lợi concluded that Kim Qui had come to reclaim the sword that its master, a local God, the Dragon King (Vietnamese: Long Vương) had given Lợi some time earlier, during his revolt against the Chinese Ming Dynasty.

Lợi renamed the lake to commemorate this event, it was formerly known as Luc Thuy meaning "Green Water").

越南语“Luc Thuy”是汉语“绿水”的大概音译。

============= lúc ================

【越南语】lúc noun.moment; while

chờ tôi một lúc: wait for me a moment

time

đôi lúc: at times

conj. when

lúc cô ta còn trẻ: when she was young

lục 

lục verb to search; to forage

lục tìm chìa khóa trong túi: to forage one's pockets for a key

adj green

lực 

lực noun force; strength

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【越南语】thủy  尒 水 乨 澊 趡 呶 始 兘

======================================

The Turtle Tower (Thap Rùa) standing on a small island near the centre of lake is linked to the legend.

【越南语tháp  褟  溻 遢 狧 鳎 闒 鞳 鞜 搭 榻 塔 佮 扱 嗒 阘 闟 溚 𦐇 搨 蹹 蹋 臿 嚃 撘 錔 插 鰨 塌漯毾 傝 挿 㙮 墖 拓

 thạp  盒 溻 遢 塔 錔

 thấp  隰 咠 塔 湿 𥰊 磃濕 显 溼

 thập  十 拾 什 兙 葚 辻

 thắp  搭 𤐴 撘 𤒴

越南语结尾的辅音字母类似于韩语的收音和广东话、上海话及古汉语的入声。

Large soft-shell turtles, either of the species Rafetus swinhoei or a separate species named Rafetus leloii in honor of the emperor, have been sighted in the lake.

The species is critically endangered and the number of individuals in the lake is unclear.

Near the northern shore of the lake lies Jade Island on which the Temple of the Jade Mountain (Ngoc Son Temple) stands.

The temple was erected in the 18th century.