医学英语入门：thrombocyte（血小板，读字母记单词近乎于白痴）

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Giant_platelets.JPG/679px-Giant_platelets.JPG

友情提示：由于我对医学一无所知，可能会犯很多低级的错误。如果您发现有原则性的错误请一定要及时告诉我。先谢谢了！

我们前面学习了erythrocyte和leucocyte，请复习一下：

erythrocyte[i5riWrEusait]n.[医]红血球（erythro+cyt+e）

crythro-表“红”，源自希腊语。

leucocyte[5lju:kE7sait]n.[解]白细胞, 白血球(leuco+cyt+e)

leuco-表示“白”，也是源自希腊语。

这一节，我们再来学习一下带有-cyte的单词：

thrombocyte[5WrCmbE7sait]n.[解]血小板, 凝血细胞（thrombo+cyt+e）

在英语中，还有一个单词表“血小板”：

platelet[5pleitlit]n.[解] 血小板, 小盘, 小板（plate+let）

-et, -let指小后缀

这个应该比较好掌握，我们重点学习thrombocyte。thrombocyte开头的thrombo-源自希腊语θρόμβος：

【希腊语】θρόμβος  n. clot

【英语】clot[klCt]n.(血液等的)凝块v.(使)凝结（c+lot）

源自 古英语 clott [肿块]

建议您复习一下bomb, comb, lamb。

请在熟悉thrombocyte以后大概地读一读：

Platelets, or thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are small, disk shaped clear cell fragments (i.e. cells that do not have a nucleus), 2–3 µm in diameter,^[1] which are derived from fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. 

clear cell (透)明细胞

fragment[5frA^mEnt]n.碎片, 断片, 片段（frag+ment）

-ment名词后缀

megakaryocyte[7me^E5kAriEusait]n.[生]巨核细胞（mega+karyo+cyt+e）

karyocyte[5kAriEu7sait]核细胞, 正成红血细胞(karyo+cyt+e)

karyo-表示“细胞核”之义

The average lifespan of a platelet is normally just 5 to 9 days.

lifespan[`laIfspAn]n.(动植物的)寿命,预期生命期限,(物的) 预期使用期限(life+span)

Platelets are a natural source of growth factors.

They circulate in the blood of mammals and are involved in hemostasis, leading to the formation of blood clots.

circulate[5sE:kjuleit]v.(使)流通, (使)运行, (使)循环, (使)传播(circ+(c)ul+ate)

circ-词根，表“圆，循环”，请复习circle, circus。

-cul拉丁语指小后缀

-ate动词后缀

hemostasis[hi5mCstEsis]n.(=hemostasia)[医]止血, 止血法

hemostasia[7hi:mE5steiziE]n.[医]止血, 止血法（hemo+sta+sis）

hemo n.血

stasis[5steisis]n.停滞, 郁积（sta+sis）

源自希腊语

联想记忆：

homo-表示“相同”之义

If the number of platelets is too low, excessive bleeding can occur.

However, if the number of platelets is too high, blood clots can form (thrombosis), which may obstruct blood vessels and result in such events as a stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism or the blockage of blood vessels to other parts of the body, such as the extremities of the arms or legs. 

thrombosis[WrCm5bEusis]n.血栓症（thrombo+sis）

blood vessel n.血管

An abnormality or disease of the platelets is called a thrombocytopathy,^[2] which could be either a low number of platelets (thrombocytopenia), a decrease in function of platelets (thrombasthenia), or an increase in the number of platelets (thrombocytosis).

thrombocytosis[7WrCmbEusai5tEusis]n.[医]血小板增多(症)(thrombo+cyto+sis)

There are disorders that reduce the number of platelets, such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) that typically cause thromboses, or clots, instead of bleeding.

thrombocytopenia[7WrCmbEusaitEu5pi:niE]n.[医]血小板减少( 症)(thrombo+cyto+penia)

Platelets release a multitude of growth factors including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent chemotactic agent, and TGF beta, which stimulates the deposition of extracellular matrix. 

Both of these growth factors have been shown to play a significant role in the repair and regeneration of connective tissues. 

connective tissue n.结缔体素

Other healing-associated growth factors produced by platelets include basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, platelet-derived epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. 

Local application of these factors in increased concentrations through Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used as an adjunct to wound healing for several decades.