希腊语中的“爱”（ Greek words for love）

There are a few Greek words for love, as the Greek language distinguishes how the word is used.

distinguish[dis5tiN^wiF]v.区别, 辨别（dis+(s)ting+u+ish）

源自 拉丁语 distinguere [分开，使分离]

distinct[dis5tiNkt]adj.清楚的, 明显的, 截然不同的, 独特的（dis+(s)tinct）

sting表“刺”，stinct是它的变化，请复习extinct, instinct。

Ancient Greek has four distinct words for love: agápe, éros, philía, and storgē.

However, as with other languages, it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words.

Nonetheless, the senses in which these words were generally used are given below.

• Agápe (ἀγάπη agápē^[1]) means "love," such as in the term s'agapo (Σ'αγαπώ), which means "I love you."

ἀγάπη

agápē

In Ancient Greek, it often refers to a general affection or deeper sense of "true love" rather than the attraction suggested by "eros."

Agape is used in the biblical passage known as the "love chapter," 1 Corinthians 13, and is described there and throughout the New Testament as sacrificial love.

New Testament  新约圣经

Agape is also used in ancient texts to denote feelings for one's children and the feelings for a spouse, and it was also used to refer to a love feast.

It can also be described as the feeling of being content or holding one in high regard.

Agape was used by Christians to express the unconditional love of God.^{[citation needed]}

• Éros (ἔρως érōs^[2]) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing.

ἔρως

érōs

The Modern Greek word "erotas" means "intimate love;" however, eros does not have to be sexual in nature.

intimate[5intimit]adj.亲密的, 隐私的的vt.宣布, 明白表示n.

熟友

Eros can be interpreted as a love for someone whom you love more than the philia, love of friendship.

It can also apply to dating relationships as well as marriage.

Plato refined his own definition: Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself.

Plato does not talk of physical attraction as a necessary part of love, hence the use of the word platonic to mean, "without physical attraction."

In the Symposium, the most famous ancient work on the subject, Plato has Socrates argue that eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty, and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth, the ideal "Form" of youthful beauty that leads us humans to feel erotic desire -- thus suggesting that even that sensually-based love aspires to the non-corporeal, spiritual plane of existence; that is, finding its truth, just like finding any truth, leads to transcendence.

transcendence[trAn`sendEns]n.卓越, 出类拔萃(trans+(s)cend+ence)

transcend[trAn5send]vt.超越, 胜过(trans+(s)cend)

联想记忆：

ascend[E5send]v.攀登, 上升（a+scend）

descend[di5send]vi.下来, 下降(de+scend)

scend源自拉丁语scandere [爬]

Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth through the means of eros.

• Philia (φιλία philía^[3]) means affectionate regard or friendship in both ancient and modern Greek.

φιλία

philía

英语单词中的ph实际上古罗马人用来代替希腊字母φ的。把它拆解成p和h去记忆是十分奇怪的，会把简单的问题复杂化。

It is a dispassionate virtuous love, a concept developed by Aristotle.

dispassionate[dis5pAFEnit]adj.冷静的, 不带感情的, 平心静气的（dis+passion+ate）

passion[5pAFEn]n.激情, 热情(pass+ion)

您只要掌握pass就可以轻松掌握dispassionate。所以说，把英语单词拆解成各自独立的字母去记忆是相当愚蠢的行为。

It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality and familiarity.

In ancient texts, philos denoted a general type of love, used for love between family, between friends, a desire or enjoyment of an activity, as well as between lovers.

• Storge (στοργή storgē^[4]) means "affection" in ancient and modern Greek.

στοργή

storgē

It is natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring.

Rarely used in ancient works, and then almost exclusively as a descriptor of relationships within the family.

It is also known to express mere acceptance or putting up with situations, as in "loving" the tyrant.

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