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读懂单词再记忆:neuter(中性)和neutron(中子)

(2013-02-22 17:20:20)
标签:

单词

读懂

电荷

空档

毕业生

教育

分类: 阅读理解

 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Atom_diagram.png

请先读一读下面的句子:

Neutron has no charge, either positive or negative.

中子不带电荷,既不带正电荷,也不带负电荷。

either or 不是...就是..., ......

 

我们重点学习neutron

neutron[5nju:trCn]n.中子

大家一定不要把neutron分解成n,e,u,t,,ro,n去记忆。

请先和我们一起复习一下neuter

neuter[5nju:tE]adj.中性的, 不及物的, (生物)无性的

源自拉丁语 neuter [也不,中性]

ne- []uter []

 

neuter结尾的-er去掉e再加上形容词后缀-al就构成neutral

neutral[5nju:trEl]n.中立者, 中立国, 非彩色, 齿轮的空档adj.中立的, 中立国的, 中性的, 无确定性质的, (颜色等)不确定的(neut(e)r+al

 

-al换成-on就是neutron

neutron[5nju:trCn]n.中子

建议大家复习一下electron

electron[I5lektrRn]n.电子(electr+on

electric[I5lektrIk]adj.电的, 导电的, 电动的, 电气(electr+ic)

相信您只要复习一下elect(选择)就基本上可以掌握electric。在后面加上名词后缀-ity

electricity[Ilek5trIsItI]n.电流, , 电学(electric+ity)

 

请顺便了解一下:

proton[5prEutCn]n.[]质子(prot(o)+on

源自prōtos的中性 [第一]

proto-表示“第一, 主要”之义。

protobios[5prEutEubaiEus]原生生物(proto+bi+os)

 

联想记忆:

prime[praim]n.初期, 最初, 开始,春(), 青春; 壮年, 全盛期,精华, 最佳部分,【数】质数, 素数

源自拉丁语prīmus的阴性词

 

nucleon[5nju:kliCn]n.[]核子(nucle+on

nucleal[5nju:kliEl]adj.[]核子的, 原子能的, 核的, 中心的(nucle+al)

-al形容词后缀

nuclear[5nju:kliE]adj.[]核子的, 原子能的, 核的, 中心的

源自 nucleus

nucleus[5nju:kliEs][nuclear的复数, nuclear]n.核子(nucle+us)

-us多数是拉丁语表“阳性、单数”后缀

 

nuclear magnetic resonance 【物】核磁共振

magnetic[mA^5netik]adj.磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引力的(magnet+ic

-ic形容词后缀

magnet[5mA^nit]n.磁体, 磁铁(magn+et

-et指小后缀

from Magnēa [Magnesia, an ancient city of Asia Minor]

源自 马格内西亚 [马格内西亚,小亚细亚的一个古城]

magnesia[mA^5ni:FE]n.镁氧, 氧化镁(mag+nesia

nesia有时表“岛”,请复习:

Indonesia[7indEu5ni:zjE]n.印尼(东南亚岛国)indo+nesia

Indo-[5IndEJ]表示“印度的, 印度人的, 印欧语系”之义

 

Polynesia[7pCli5ni:ziE]n.玻利尼西亚(中太平洋群岛,意为 "多岛群岛",包括夏威夷群岛、萨摩亚群岛、汤加群岛核社会群岛等)(poly+nesia)

poly-[`pClI]表示“多的, 多个的, 多于一的”之义

 

Melanesia[7melE5ni:zjE]n.美拉尼西亚(西南太平洋岛群,词原意为“黑人群岛”)(mela(n)+nesia)

melan-[`melEn, mI`lAn](=melano-) 表示“黑的”之义(用于元音之前)

 

Micronesia[9maIkrEJ`ni:zIE,-VE]n.密克罗尼西亚(西太平洋岛群,意为“小岛群岛”)(micro+nesia)

micro-[5maIkrEJ]表示“极微小, 仪器或工具用以扩大者”之义

 

resonance[5rezEnEns]n.共鸣, 回声, 反响, 中介, 谐振, 共振, 共振子, 极短命的不稳定基本粒子(re+son+ance

re-前缀,表“重复,又,再”

这里的son源自拉丁语,表“声音”,请复习consonant(辅音)。

-ance名词后缀

 

下面的内容请大概地读一读:

 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Quark_structure_neutron.svg/250px-Quark_structure_neutron.svg.png


The quark structure of the neutron. (The color assignment of individual quarks is not important, only that all three colors are present.)

 

The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol n or n0, no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton.

hadron[5hAdrCn]n.[]强子(参与强相互作用的基本粒子, 包括介子和重子两大类)hadr+on

希腊语 hadros [厚的]

相信已经熟悉had的小朋友记忆hadr应该不难,再加上-on就是hadron

net charge 净电荷

 

With the exception of hydrogen-1, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons.

nuclei[5nju:kliai]n.nucleus 的复数形(nucle+i

拉丁语中-us多数表“阳性、单数”,其复习形式多数是-i。请复习alumnus(男毕业生,alumni是复数)alumna(女毕业生,alumnae是复数)

The number of protons in a nucleus is the atomic number and defines the type of element the atom forms.

atomic number n.[]原子序数(指元素在周期表中按次序排列的序号)

 

Neutrons are necessary within an atomic nucleus as they bind with protons via the nuclear force;

atomic nucleus n.[]原子核

nuclear force [原物]核力

protons are unable to bind with each other (see diproton) because their mutual electromagnetic repulsion is stronger than the attraction of the nuclear force.[4]

electromagnetic[IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk]adj.电磁的(electro+magnet+ic)

mutual repulsion 互推斥

The number of neutrons is the neutron number and determines the isotope of an element.

isotope[5aisEutEup]n.[]同位素(iso+tope)

iso-[5aIsEJ]表示“相等的, 相同的”之义(元音前作is-)

top源自希腊语 topos [位置(这样命名是因为一个化学元素的同位素在元素周期表上占据相同的位置)]

联想记忆:

tope[tEup]n.佛塔, []翅鲨v.豪饮

For example, the abundant carbon-12 isotope has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, while the very rare radioactive carbon-14 isotope has 6 protons and 8 neutrons.

carbon-12 n. 12

radioactive isotope n.放射性同位素

radioactive[5reidiEu5Aktiv]adj.放射性的, 有辐射能的(radio+active

radio-[5reIdIEJ-]桡骨,放射

 

While bound neutrons in stable nuclei are stable, free neutrons are unstable;

free neutron 自由中子

they undergo beta decay with a mean lifetime of just under 15 minutes (881.5±1.5 s).[5]

Free neutrons are produced in nuclear fission and fusion.

nuclear fission n.[]核子分裂

Dedicated neutron sources like neutron generators, research reactors and spallation sources produce free neutrons for use in irradiation and in neutron scattering experiments.

neutron source 中子源

neutron scattering 中子散射

 

 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Cold_Neutron_Source.jpg

Even though it is not a chemical element, the free neutron is sometimes included in tables of nuclides.[6]

nuclide[5nju:klaid]n.[]核素(nucl(e)+ide)

The neutron has been the key to nuclear power production.

The neutron was discovered in 1932, and in 1933, it was realized that it might mediate a nuclear chain reaction.

 

In the 1930s, neutrons were used to produce many different types of nuclear transmutations.

nuclear transmutation [](原子)核嬗变, 核转化

transmutation[7trAnzmju:5teiFEn]n.变形, 变化(trans+mut+ation)

mutation[mju(:)5teiFEn]n.变化, 转变, 元音变化, (生物物种的)突变(mut+ation)

mutate[mju:5teit]v.变异(mut+ate)

mutual[5mju:tjuEl, 5mju:tFuEl]adj.相互的, 共有的(mut+u+al)

 

When nuclear fission was discovered in 1938, it became clear that, if the process also produced neutrons, this might be the mechanism to produce the neutrons for a chain reaction.

chain reaction n.连锁反应

 

This was proven in 1939, opening the path to nuclear power production.

nuclear power n. 1.核动力 2.核大国

 

These events and findings led directly to the first self-sustaining, man-made, nuclear chain reaction (Chicago Pile-1, 1942) and to the first nuclear weapons (1945).]

self-sustaining[selfsEs5teiniN]adj.自立的, 自谋生活的

nuclear weapons 核武器

 

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