练英语、学希腊语:Definite article(定冠词)(附英语歌曲视频《The Phantom of
(2012-11-20 16:54:33)
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练英语、学希腊语:Definite article(定冠词)
Attic Greek has a definite article, but no indefinite article.
Attic[5Atik]adj.(古希腊)雅典(Athens)的(at+tic)
-ic, -tic形容词后缀
definite article n.定冠词
indefinite article n.不定冠词
The definite article agrees with its associated noun in number, gender and case.
agree with v.同意, 适合,(与……一致)
Proper names usually take a definite article, as do abstract nouns.
abstract noun n.抽象名词
Adjectives are either placed between the article and noun or after the noun, in which case the article is repeated before the adjective.
Dependent genitive noun phrases are positioned in exactly the same way, even though this frequently results in splitting the article and noun by a long dependent phrase.
genitive[5dVenitiv]adj.属格的n.属格(genit+ive)
genit源自拉丁语genitus,gignere的过去分词 [招致,引起]
For example, τὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἔργον tò toû anthrṓpou érgon, literally "the (of the man) deed", or "The deed of the man."
In earlier Greek, for instance Homeric Greek, there was no definite article as such, the corresponding forms still having their original use as demonstrative pronouns.
as such adv.同样地, 同量地
demonstrative pronoun n. 指示代词
The definite article is declined thus:[1][2]
|
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
||||||
Singular |
Dual |
Plural |
Singular |
Dual [ar 1] |
Plural |
Singular |
Dual |
Plural |
|
ὁ (ho) |
τώ (tṓ) |
οἱ (hoi) |
ἡ (hē) |
τώ (tṓ) |
αἱ (hai) |
τό (tó) |
τώ (tṓ) |
τά (tá) |
|
τοῦ (toû) |
τοῖν (toîn) |
τῶν (tôn) |
τῆς (tês) |
τοῖν (toîn) |
τῶν (tôn) |
τοῦ (toû) |
τοῖν (toîn) |
τῶν (tôn) |
|
τῷ (tôi) |
τοῖν (toîn) |
τοῖς (toîs) |
τῇ (têi) |
τοῖν (toîn) |
ταῖς (taîs) |
τῷ (tôi) |
τοῖν (toîn) |
τοῖς (toîs) |
|
τόν (tón) |
τώ (tṓ) |
τούς (toús) |
τήν (tḗn) |
τώ (tṓ) |
τάς (tás) |
τό (tó) |
τώ (tṓ) |
τά (tá) |
1.
singular[5siN^julE]n.单数adj.单一的, 非凡的, 异常的, 持异议的(sing+(c)ul+ar)
源自拉丁语singulus [单一的]
dual[5dju(:)El]adj.双的, 二重的, 双重(du+al)
du源自拉丁语duo [二]
-al形容词后缀
联想记忆:
duet[dju:5et; (?@) du:5et]n.二重奏(du+et)
意大利语 duetto,duo的小后缀
-et, -ett拉丁语语系的指小后缀,请复习cigarette(香烟), cassette(盒子, 盒式磁带)。
建议大家经常听一听《the Phantom of the Opera》:
http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XMjgzODA4NDA4/v.swf
请仔细听听“our strange duet”中的duet是如何读的。
nominative[5nCminEtiv]n.[语]主格, 主格语adj.主格的, 被提名的(nomin+ative)
nomin相当于英语中的name,-ative形容词后缀
可以看出来,这是一个nominative是一个形容词,转义使用表“主格”。
genitive[5dVenitiv]adj.属格的n.属格(genit+ive)
-ive形容词后缀
自然,这也是一个形容词,转义使用表“属格”,相当于英语中的possessive(所有格):
possessive[pE5zesiv]n.所有格adj.所有的, 物主的, 占有的(possess+ive)
possess[pE5zes]vt.占有, 拥有, 持有, 摆布, 支配(pos+sess)
pos- [作为主人]
sess源自拉丁语sedēe [坐]
联想记忆:
assess[E5ses]vt.估定, 评定(as+sess)
as-= ad- [前缀,表“朝,向”],用在s前的变化。
中学课本上经常出现的是assessment:
assessment[E5sesmEnt]n.评估,看法(as+sess+ment)
-ment名词后缀
dative[5deitiv]adj.[语法]与格的n.与格, 与格语(dat+ive)
源自拉丁语datus,dare的过去分词 [给予]
英语中的date作动词表“约会”,源自拉丁语 data (Romae) [发布(在罗马)(在一特定的日子),也是dare的变化。
accusative[E5kju:zEtiv]adj.& n.宾格(的), 宾语(的)(accus(e)+ative)
accuse[E5kju:z]vt.控告, 谴责, 非难(ac+cuse)
ac-是前缀ad-用在c前面的变化。
cuse源自causa [诉讼]
联想记忆:
excuse[iks5kju:z]vt.原谅, 申辩, 做为...的托辞, 为...免去n.饶恕, 致歉, 理由, 口实, 借口, 清借条, 免去(ex+cuse)