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练英语、学希腊语:Definite article(定冠词)(附英语歌曲视频《The Phantom of 

(2012-11-20 16:54:33)
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分类: 练英语学希腊语俄语

练英语、学希腊语:Definite article(定冠词)

 

Attic Greek has a definite article, but no indefinite article.

Attic[5Atik]adj.(古希腊)雅典(Athens)的(at+tic

-ic, -tic形容词后缀

definite article n.定冠词

indefinite article n.不定冠词

 

The definite article agrees with its associated noun in number, gender and case.

agree with v.同意, 适合,(与……一致)

 

Proper names usually take a definite article, as do abstract nouns.

abstract noun n.抽象名词

 

Adjectives are either placed between the article and noun or after the noun, in which case the article is repeated before the adjective.

Dependent genitive noun phrases are positioned in exactly the same way, even though this frequently results in splitting the article and noun by a long dependent phrase.

genitive[5dVenitiv]adj.属格的n.属格(genit+ive

genit源自拉丁语genitusgignere的过去分词 [招致,引起]

 

For example, τ το νθρώπου ργον tò toû anthrpou érgon, literally "the (of the man) deed", or "The deed of the man."

 

In earlier Greek, for instance Homeric Greek, there was no definite article as such, the corresponding forms still having their original use as demonstrative pronouns.

as such adv.同样地, 同量地

demonstrative pronoun n. 指示代词

 

The definite article is declined thus:[1][2]

 

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Singular

Dual

Plural

Singular

Dual [ar 1]

Plural

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

(ho)

τώ (t)

ο (hoi)

(hē)

τώ (t)

α (hai)

τό (tó)

τώ (t)

τά (tá)

Genitive

το (toû)

τον (toîn)

τν (tôn)

τς (tês)

τον (toîn)

τν (tôn)

το (toû)

τον (toîn)

τν (tôn)

Dative

τ (tôi)

τον (toîn)

τος (toîs)

τ (têi)

τον (toîn)

τας (taîs)

τ (tôi)

τον (toîn)

τος (toîs)

Accusative

τόν (tón)

τώ (t)

τούς (toús)

τήν (tn)

τώ (t)

τάς (tás)

τό (tó)

τώ (t)

τά (tá)

1.     ^ The forms τά (tā́) and ταν (taîn) for feminine duals also exist.[2]

singular[5siN^julE]n.单数adj.单一的, 非凡的, 异常的, 持异议的(sing+(c)ul+ar

源自拉丁语singulus [单一的]

dual[5dju(:)El]adj.双的, 二重的, 双重(du+al

du源自拉丁语duo []

-al形容词后缀

联想记忆:

duet[dju:5et; (?@) du:5et]n.二重奏(du+et

意大利语 duettoduo的小后缀

-et, -ett拉丁语语系的指小后缀,请复习cigarette(香烟), cassette(盒子, 盒式磁带)。

建议大家经常听一听《the Phantom of the Opera》:

http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XMjgzODA4NDA4/v.swf

请仔细听听“our strange duet”中的duet是如何读的。

 

nominative[5nCminEtiv]n.[]主格, 主格语adj.主格的, 被提名的(nomin+ative

nomin相当于英语中的name-ative形容词后缀

可以看出来,这是一个nominative是一个形容词,转义使用表“主格”。

genitive[5dVenitiv]adj.属格的n.属格(genit+ive

-ive形容词后缀

自然,这也是一个形容词,转义使用表“属格”,相当于英语中的possessive(所有格):

possessive[pE5zesiv]n.所有格adj.所有的, 物主的, 占有的(possess+ive

possess[pE5zes]vt.占有, 拥有, 持有, 摆布, 支配(pos+sess)

pos- [作为主人]

sess源自拉丁语sedēe []

 

联想记忆:

assess[E5ses]vt.估定, 评定(as+sess

as-= ad- [前缀,表“朝,向”],用在s前的变化。

中学课本上经常出现的是assessment

assessment[E5sesmEnt]n.评估,看法(as+sess+ment

-ment名词后缀

 

dative[5deitiv]adj.[语法]与格的n.与格, 与格语(dat+ive

源自拉丁语datusdare的过去分词 [给予]

英语中的date作动词表“约会”,源自拉丁语 data (Romae) [发布(在罗马)(在一特定的日子),也是dare的变化。

 

accusative[E5kju:zEtiv]adj.& n.宾格(), 宾语()accus(e)+ative

accuse[E5kju:z]vt.控告, 谴责, 非难(ac+cuse)

ac-是前缀ad-用在c前面的变化。

cuse源自causa [诉讼]

联想记忆:

excuse[iks5kju:z]vt.原谅, 申辩, 做为...的托辞, ...免去n.饶恕, 致歉, 理由, 口实, 借口, 清借条, 免去(ex+cuse)

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