把通过某种考试作为唯一目的，必然教(学)不好语言

 

资料源自《新概念英语》第三册《To the teacher and student(致教师和学生)》

 http://fs01.bokee.net/userfilespace/2012/10/27/fangxia18894852.jpg

When a student has completed a pre-intermediate course, he enters a period of consolidation and expansion.

学生学完中级以下水平的教材后，就进入巩固和扩展阶段。

consolidation[kEn7sCli5deiFEn]n.巩固, 合并（con+solid+ation）

相信已经掌握solid的朋友绝对不允许再“背”这个consolidation。

solid[5sClid]n.固体, 立体adj.固体的, 实心的, 坚固的, 结实的, 立体的

源自 拉丁语 solidus。

-us在拉丁语多数是表阳性、单数后缀的后缀

 

expansion[iks5pAnFEn]n.扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚（ex+pans+ion）

-ion名词后缀

expansive[iks5pAnsiv]adj.易膨胀的, 易扩张的, 广阔的, 豪爽的, 豪华的(ex+pans+ive)

-ive形容词后缀

pans是pand的变化：

expand[iks5pAnd]vt.使膨胀, 详述, 扩张vi.张开, 发展(ex+pand)

ex- [前缀，表“出自…”]

pand源自拉丁语pandere [展开]（-are, -ere, -ire拉丁语动词原形后缀）

请注意比较pand和pend的区别，复习一下pan和pen可能有助于记忆。

 

What has been learnt so far must be practiced constantly.

以前学到的语言技能要不断地练习，

At the same time, the student must learn to come to terms with wider English.

同时学生还要学会进一步地深入学习。

 

He will still have intensive practice in the four skills, understanding, speaking, reading and writing, but many of the exercises he will be doing will be less mechanical.

理解、口语、阅读和写作4项技能还有进行强化训练，但是许多练习不再像以前那样机械。

mechanical[mi5kAnikl]adj.机械的, 机械制的, 机械似的, 呆板的

mechanic[mi5kAnik]n.技工, 机修工, 机械士

ch读[k]的单词多数源自于希腊语。

 

At this level, this is less need for pattern control and contextualization.

到了这个阶段，按句型的难度和在语境中练习句型已不是那么必不可少。

contextualize[kCn`tekstjJElaIz]vt.将(音素、单词等)置于上下文中研究，( 通过介绍来龙去脉) 使( 事件、 活动等) 溶入背景（contextual+ize）

-ize，-ise动词后缀

contextual[kCn5tekstjuEl]adj.文脉上的, 前后关系的（context+u+al）

-al形容词后缀，u只起辅助作用，和language中的一样。

context[5kCntekst]n.上下文, 文章的前后关系（con+text）

 

Now that the foundations have been laid, the student is in a position to cope with new sentence patterns as and when they occur.

由于基础已经打下，学生一旦遇到新的句型也就能够对付。

cope with v.与...竞争, 应付

cope[kEup]vi.(善于)应付, (善于)处理

copy[5kCpi]n.副本, 拷贝, 摹仿, 一册v.复印, 复制, 拷贝, 抄袭

 

However, it is still necessary for the student to work form specially written multi-purpose text if he is to be trained systematically in speech and writing.

但是，如果要系统地训练学生在说和写方面的能力，还需要使用专门编写的多功能课文。

 

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Students working at this level often wish to sit for academic examinations like the Cambridge First Certificate.

中级水平的学生常常希望参加专业性的考试，如剑桥初级证书。

academic examination 学业考试

certificate[sE5tifikit]n.证书, 证明书vt.发给证明书, 以证书形式授权给...(cert+i+fic+ate)

cert表“确定的”，请复习certain, certainly, concert。

i纯过渡，无意义。

这里的fic是fly的变化：

certify[5sE:tifai]v.证明, 保证（cert+i+fy）

-(i)fy动词后缀，请复习modify, clarify。

 

-ate动词后缀

 

相信您肯定用不着再“背”certification：

certification[7sE:tifi5keiFEn]n.证明（cert+i+fic+ation）

-ation名词后缀（-ate去e再加上名词后缀-ion构成）。

 

Now it is a curious paradox that formal examinations often hinder rather than help a student to learn a language.

现在有一种怪现象，即正规考试往往妨碍而不是有助于学生学习一门语言。

it是形式主语，用来代替阴影部分（主语从句），这样的目的是为了避免头重脚轻。把阴影部分独立出来：

that formal examinations often hinder rather than help a student to learn a language.

hinder[5hindE]adj.后面的v.阻碍, 打扰(hind+er)

请复习behind：

behind[bi5haind]adv.在后地prep.在...之后（be+hind）

rather than conj.胜于

 

However, there should be no need to work at cross-purposes:

但是，学习和考试并非一定是相互矛盾的：

cross purposes误解,观点分岐, 志趣不同

 

 

it is quite possible for the student to go on learning a language and prepare for an examination at the same time.

学生完全有可能在学习语言的同时，作好应试的准备。

 

at the same time adv.同时

 

It must be clearly understood that a formal examination with its bias towards the written language will only exert a pernicious influence on language learning when it is regarded as an end in itself.

必须清醒的认识到：正规考试侧重于书面用语，如果把应付正规考试作为最终目标，那么必然对英语学习产生有害的影响。

 

阴影部分独立出来：

that a formal examination with its bias towards the written language will only exert a pernicious influence on language learning when it is regarded as an end in itself.

正规考试侧重于书面用语，如果把应付正规考试作为最终目标，那么必然对英语学习产生有害的影响。

bias[5baiEs]n.偏见, 偏爱, 斜线vt.使存偏见

法语 biais [倾斜的]

 

exert[i^5zE:t]vt.尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力v.发挥, 竭尽全力, 尽(ex+(s)ert)

sert源自拉丁语serere [加入]

请复习insert, desert，dessert（餐后甜点）。

 

 

pernicious[pE:5niFEs]adj.有害的（per+nic+i+ous）

per- [前缀，表示“完全，通过，毁坏，高…”等意]

nic是nec的变化，表“暴亡”

-ous形容词后缀

 

influence[5influEns]n.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事), (电磁)感应vt.影响, 改变（in+flu+ence）

when it is regarded as an end in itself 把它（应付正规考试）作为最终目标

regard as v.把...认作

end in v.以...为结果

 

When the teacher makes it his aim to get his class through an examination and no more, he will undoubtedly fail to teach the language properly.

如果教师把自己所教的班能通过某种考试作为教学的唯一目的，他也必然教不好语言。

分解一下：

When the teacher makes it his aim to get his class through an examination and no more,

当教师把自己所教的班能通过某种考试作为教学的唯一目的，

it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的阴影部分——不定式短语：

to get his class through an examination and no more

 

he will undoubtedly fail to teach the language properly.

他也必然教不好语言。

undoubtedly[Qn5daJtIdlI]adv.无庸置疑地, 的确地（un+doubted+ly）

undoubted[5Qn5dautid]adj.无疑的, 确实的（un+doubt+ed）

un-否定前缀

doubt[daut]n.怀疑, 疑惑, 疑问v.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准, <</SPAN>古>恐怕

b不发音，请复习debt:

debt[det]n.债务, 罪过

 

 

An examination must always be regarded as something secondary, a by-product which the student will take in his stride.

要永远把考试放在第二位，把它当成是学生在学习中顺理成章必然会取得的一种副产品，

secondary[5sekEndEri]adj.次要的, 二级的, 中级的, 第二的（second+ary）

-ary形容词后缀

a secondary technical school 中等技术学校

secondary product 副产品

secondary organ 附属机构

a secondary cause 次要原因

a secondary stress 【语】次重音

secondary infection 继发感染

 

take in v.接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗

stride[straid]n.大步, 阔步,一跨(的宽度),迈步,正常速度

str-表“用力，拉，扯，挺”等，可以大概地看成是汉语中的“提手旁”。

请复习ride, pride, side,preside, beside, inside, outside, countryside。

请把比较一下stride和strike。

 

It must never be regarded as an end in itself.

而决不能把它当成最终目的。

 

An intermediate course should not only enable a student to go on learning English systematically, but should, incidentally, enable him to pass an examination without special preparation.

一本中级水平的教材不仅应能使学生系统地学好英语，而且应使他无需专门的准备就能通过某种考试。

分解一下：

An intermediate course should not only enable a student to go on learning English systematically,

一本中级水平的教材不仅应能使学生系统地学好英语，

systematically[sIstE5mAtIkElI]adv.系统地, 有系统地（systematic+al+ly）

systematic[7sisti5mAtik]adj.系统的, 体系的(system+atic)

system[5sIstEm]n.系统, 体系, 制度, 体制, 秩序, 规律, 方法

sy-是前缀syn-的变化

stem表“建立”，其在英语中也是一个单词：

stem[stem]n.茎, 干, 词干, 茎干

 

but should, incidentally, enable him to pass an examination without special preparation.

而且应使他无需专门的准备就能通过某种考试。

incidentally[InsI5dentElI]adv.附带地, 顺便提及（incident+al+ly）

incident[5insidEnt]n.事件, 事变adj.附带的, 易于发生的(in+cid+ent)

联想记忆：

accident[5AksidEnt]n.意外事件, 事故（ac+cid+ent）

 

下面的内容请大概地读一读：

Longman New Concept English by L. G. Alexander is a popular English language textbook teaching British rules of English.

 

The course was first published on October 30, 1967.

A later (1993) revised edition is also available.

 

The course consists of four components:

consist of v.由...组成

component[kEm5pEunEnt]n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的（com+pon+ent）

deponent[di5pEunEnt]n.[律]立誓词者, 宣誓作证者(de+pon+ent)

 

The Students' Book

The Teacher's Book

A set of cassettes, on which the multi-purpose texts have been recorded.

Another set of cassettes, on which Repetition drill in the Teacher's Book has been recorded.