倒装句的用法小结

英语的正常语序是主语在前谓语在后，但有时处于语法或达到某种修辞目的如强调、承上启下、平衡等需要，要把谓语动词放在主语的前面，这种语序称作倒装（Inverted Order）。可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是指将整个的谓语动词提到主语之前。而部分倒装是指将部分的谓语动词即助动词、情态动词和be动词提到主语的前面，而谓语动词的其他部分任置于主语之后。

一、使用完全倒装的情况

1．There be / come / live / stand /exist / lie / go /等结构中。

如：Then there came a knock at the door.           There lies a lake near my village.

There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.

2．表示地点、方向、时间的副词如here / out / in / up / down / back / off / away / now / then谓语动词多用表示运动的不及物动词如go / come / leave / move / rust / jump等

如：There goes the bell.                           Away flew the birds.

Look! Here come his parents.                   Now comes your turn.           

Then came the news that we won the game.       

Out rushed the students immediately the bell rang.  但 Out they rushed…….

注意：（1）主语为人称代词时不倒装。

     （2）注意主谓一致。（使用还原法将倒装句还原）

     （3）Here / there / now这三个副词引起的句子中谓语动词必须用一般现在时。

3．表地点的介词短语位于句首时

   如：Along the road came a great many tourist.       

On the wall are two pictures.

       On the top of the mountain stands a temple.

4．为了保持句子平衡、衔接得当或强调表语，而把介词短语或形容词置于句首。

   如：Present at the party were some stars who wanted to raise money for disaster zones.

       Gone are the days when the Chinese people used foreign oil.

二、使用部分倒装的情况。

1．only + 状语置于句首时。

如：Only in this way can we solve the problem efficiently.        

Only then did he realize the importance of study.

Only after they discussed the matter for hours did they reach a decision.

Only if you take regular exercise and go on a healthy diet can you keep fit.

注意：（1）only + 主语时不倒装。  如： Only he knows the answer.

（2）only + 状语从句时，主句倒装从句不倒装。 

（3）在强调句型中不用倒装。

如：It was only after they discussed the matter for hours that they reached a decision.

2．具有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首作状语时。如never / seldom / little / few / not / nor / neither / nowhere / hardly / rarely / scarcely / not until / hardly … when / no sooner … than / by no means / at no time / under no circumstances / in no case ect.

如：Not a single word did he say at the meeting.   

Seldom have I heard from him recently.

Nowhere else in the world can you find a better man than Tom.

Little have we known about the H1N1 so far.

Neither have I seen him recently nor have I heard from him.

Never had they quarreled with each other before their first baby was born.

注意：（1）Not until放在句首时要部分倒装（在复合句中主句倒装，而until引导的从句不倒装），放在强调句型中不用倒装。

如：Not until he failed in the exams did he realize the important of study.

 --- It was not until he failed in the exams that he realized the important of study.

--- He didn’t realize the important of study until he failed in the exams.

（2）将hardly / no sooner置于句首时①要部分倒装；②注意搭配；③注意时态。

     Hardly/ Scarcely had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth.

     No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth.

如：Hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain.

     No sooner had I gone to bed than the telephone must ring.

（3）not only…but(also)…位于句首引导两个分句时，not only引导的句子要部分倒装，but(also)引导的句子不倒装。

如：Not only was the wallet found, but also the thief was caught.

3．以so / neither / nor 开头的句子说明前面的内容也适用于后者时“…也/不是这样/如此”

   肯定句：so + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语   

否定句：neither + 助动词/情态动词/be 动词 + 主语

如：He didn’t attend the meeting, neither did Tom. 

          If you don’t attend the lecture delivered by Mr. Green tonight, neither will I.  

I wonder if she will go to the ball. If she does, so will I.

注意：（1）so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be，“…的确如此”，表赞同对方的观点和看法。  

如：---Tom works hard.     

---So he does, and so do you.

         （2）但当前面的两个句子一肯一否或一个主语是人一个是物或两个句子谓语动词不一致时，不能用so / neither / nor + 助动词/ 情态动词 / be动词 + 主语的结构来表达，但可以用It is the same with sb. 或So it is with sb.来表达。

如：---Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing.

--- So it is with Mary. / It is the same with Mary.

4．So / such… that 引导的结果状语从句表示“如此…以致于”时，如果将so/ such及其所修饰部分提到句首时。

如：So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask him for advice.

    So abstract is the theory that almost none of us can understand it.

Such a good one was his idea that we all agree to use it.

5．在if引导的条件状语从句表非真实语气时，如果从句中使用了had / should / were可将if省略并将助动词提到句首。

如：Should you be fired, your health care and other benefit will not be immediately cut off.

Were it not for the fact that he can’t sing, I would invite him to the party.

Had you followed the doctor’s advice, you would be better now.

6．as引导的让步状语从句表“尽管”时，要将表语、状语和动词原形提到句首。

如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.                    

Strange as it might sound, it is true.

Try as he might, he couldn’t reach his goal.        

Much as I like it, I won’t buy it.

注意：表“尽管”时：as必倒；though可倒可不倒；although / while必不倒

练一练：

1. For a moment nothing happened. Then        all shouting together.  

A. voices had come     B. came voices   C. voices would come     D. did voices come

2. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_______, but students became more interested in the lessons.

A. saved was teachers’ energy      B. was teachers’ energy saved

C. teachers’ energy was saved       D. was saved teachers’ energy             

3. So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.  

A. did the attack       B. the attack did       C. was the attack      D. the attack was 

4. Little_______ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

A. did Rose care      B. Rose did care     C. Rose does care     D. does Rose care

5. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed. 

A. Mum did go      B. did Mum go      C. went Mum       D. Mum went

6. Unsatisfied___ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.

A. though was he   B. though he was   C. he was though    D. was he though 

7.  ---It’s nice. Never before______ such a special drink!

---I’m glad you like it.     A.I have had     B. I had    C. have I had       D. had I

8. Not until he left his home __________ to know how important the family was for him.

       A. did he begin      B. had he begun     C. he began           D. he has begun

9. John opened the door. There _____ he had never seen before.  

       A. a girl did stand     B. a girl stood   C. did a girl stand   D. stood a girl

10．We laugh at jokes，but seldom ________ about how they work．

   A．we think         B．think we      C．we do think        D．do we think

11. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _________, one of the ten largest cities in China. 

A. lies Chongqing    B. Chongqing lies   C. does lie Chongqing    D. does Chongqing lie  

12. Only when he realized the tea-house ______ it was the same place he’d been in last year.

A. he realized    B. he did realize   C. realized he   D. did he realize

13. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______ a decision.

A. they reached   B. did they reach   C. they reach   D. do they reach

14．Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and _________.

A. neither won’t Tom    B. Tom won’t either   C. Tom will too    D. so will Tom

15. ______, Carolina couldn't get the door open.

   A. Try as she might   B. As she might try   C. She might as try    D. Might she as try

16. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research

A. So curious the couple was              B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were            D. The couple was such curious

17. Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been      B. this city has been       C. was this city      D. this city was

18. _____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be      B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may      D. Quiet as he may be a student

19.  In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns.

      A. stand many lakes       B. lie many lakes  C. many lakes lie       D. many lakes stand

21. — Father ,you promised!

       — Well, ________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.

       A. so was I    B. so did I      C. so I was     D. so I did

22. －Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.

－ ______, and so did I.

A. So she had        B. So had she          C. So she did         D. So did she

23. — Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.

       — __________.    A. So it is     B. So is it       C. So does it   D. So it does

24. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.

       A. so does John      B. John does too    C. John doesn’t too       D. nor does John

25. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ____.
A. he will either     B. neither will he     C. he neither will     D. either he will

26. — How was the televised debate last night?

  — Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention.

   A. a debate attracted  B. did a debate attract   C. a debate did attract  D. attracted a debate

27. Little _____ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.  A. he realized   B. he didn't realize  C. didn't he realize  D. did he realize

28. — My room gets very cold at night.

   — _________.     A. So is mine    B. So mine is   C. So does mine    D. So mine does

29.________that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.

A. So successful her business was                    B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful                   D. So was her successful business

30. — Did you see who the driver was?

— No, so quickly ________ that I couldn’t gat a good look at his face.

A. did the car speed by   B. the car sped by   C. does the car speed by  D. the car speeds by

31. _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

A. Strange as might it sound                 B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound                 D. Strange as it might sound 

32. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.

A. have I felt         B. I had felt          C. I have felt             D. Had I felt

33. ______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

A. only if; will you       B. Only if; you will   C. Unless; will you  D. Unless; you will

34. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.

A. the residents would be permitted   B. had the residents been permitted

35. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.

A. I was neither               B. neither was I      C. I was either              D. either was I

36. Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it.

A. he stopped    B. did he stop      C. stopped he      D. he did stop

37. Only when I left my parents for Italy __ how much I loved them.

    A. I realized            B. I had realized       C. had I realized      D. did I realize

38. So much of interest ___ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A. offers Beijing      B.  Beijing offers     C. does Beijing offer        D. Beijing does offer

39. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ______.

A. fleeing the thief    B. was fleeing the thief   C. the thief was fleeing   D. fled the thief