C.状语从句

时间状语从句\原因状语从句\地点状语从句\让步状语从句\条件状语从句\目的和结果状语从句\方式状语从句\比较状语从句

(一)时间状语从句

常用连词有：when/while/as , before , after , since , once , till/until , hardly…when / no sooner…than , as soon as , the moment/minute/instant , each(every) time/the first (last) time , immediately/directly ,etc.

1、when、while、as用法区别：

when : 接短暂性和延续性动词；从属连词：在……时候；在……之前 / 之后 ；并列连词：这时、突然；

while : 接延续性动词 ；从属连词：在......期间、趁...... （表时间）、尽管（表让步，放句首）； 并列连词：表对比（“而”）；

 as: 接延续性动词；“一边……一边” ； “随着”

e.g.  When he realized it , the chance had been lost . (=before)

      I’ll go home when he comes back.                        (=after)

     I was just about to go to bed when the phone rang a second time .   (=and at that moment)

Strike while the iron is hot .

  She thought I was talking about her daughter ,

 while , in fact , I was talking about my daughter .

    She sang happily as she walked along the street .

    Her hair grew gray as time went by .

    注意： As / When a boy , he lived in Japan .

     When / While reading , he fell asleep .

2、once与as soon as用法区别：

once  : “条件” 意味； 可接分词

 as soon as : “时间”上的连接；

As soon as the bell rang , the pupils ran out of the classroom .

 Once you see Mei Lanfang on the stage , you’ll never forget him .

 Once having made a promise , you should keep it .

3.before 的意义：

  It was another 5 minutes before Matt heard him coming down the stairs .  (才)

 He ran off before I could stop him . (还没来得及…就)

  She became a college student before she had reached her 18th year . (不到……就)

  Put down her telephone number before you forget it . (免得)

  He will die of hunger before he will steal .  (宁愿……不愿)  

4.  since 的翻译：

  I haven’t heard from him since he got to Beijing .

   自从他到达北京以来，我一直未收到他的信。(终止性动词)

   I haven’t heard from him since he lived in Beijing .

   自从他离开北京以来，我一直未收到他的信。(延续性动词)

5、其他引导时间状语从句的连词：

The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

Each/ every  time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.

Next time you come ,do remember to bring your son here.

The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.

You are welcome to come back any time you want to.

（二）原因状语从句

常用连词有: because , since , as , now (that) , seeing (that)（由于） , considering (that) （考虑到）etc.

because :从属连词 ，表直接的原因,语气强。一般不用于句首，除特别强调外；

since  : 从属连词，表已知的原因(“既然”),语气较弱。一般用于句首；

as    : 从属连词，表较明显的原因，语气最弱。一般用于句首；

for：并列连词，对前面所述的话进行补充说明，一般不用于句首。

e.g.—Why was the child crying in the street ?

    —Because he lost his way .

    As it is snowing , we shall not go to the park .

   Since（Now that ）you’ve got a chance , you might as well make full use of it .

比较：

 It rained last night , for the ground is wet this morning (并列连词).

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent , we decided to put the meeting off.

Considering they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. 

（三）地点状语从句

常用连词有: where(特指) , wherever(泛指)

e.g.  You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.

 We’ll go wherever the Party wants us to go.

Where there is a will ,there is a way

Where I live there are plenty of trees.

P lease make a mark where there is some questions.

比较:We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult（定语从句） .

We shall go where working conditions are difficult （地点状语从句）.

（四）让步状语从句

常用连词有: although/though , as , even if/though , however , wh-ever ,  no matter wh-/how  while, etc.

Clever as he is , he doesn’t study well .

= Although/Though he is clever , he doesn’t study well .

  =Clever though he is , he doesn’t study well .

Child as he is , he knows a lot .（名词前不能有冠词）

Try as he might，he still failed

We will never give in whatever they might do or say about our plan.（=no matter what）

However late he is , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together （=No matter how）.

比较 ：

Whatever I said couldn’t cause his interest in the topic . (名从) （不等于No matter what）

While I really don’t like art, Ifind his work impressive. （“尽管”引导让步状语从句放句首）[2007 山东卷]

（五）条件状语从句

常用连词有: if , unless (if…not) , as/so long as , in case（万一） , on condition that(条件是，只要) ,  provided /providing (that)（假如，假设）, suppose/supposing that 。

e.g.  As long as I live , I shall work hard .

  I shall not go to school unless I finish my homework .

 Unless he comes , we would go there .

  = If he doesn’t come , we would go there .

 Provided (providing) (that) they refuse us ，who else can we turn to for help？

Can you imagine what a girl will look like in case she come across  a rat in her house?

（六）目的和结果状语从句

目的状语从句常用连词有:  so that , in order that

,for fear that, in case, lest(免得，以防，唯恐)

Jim didn’t answer back lest (for fear that ) his mother should be angry with him.

e.g.  They started early so that they might arrive in time .(目的)

比较：

They started early so that they arrived in time . (结果)

He works hard in order that / so that he can serve the country well.  

比较：In order that he can serve the country well he works hard .

  The box is so heavy that nobody can move it .

  = It is so heavy a box that nobody can move it .

  = It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it .

  比较 It is such a heavy box as nobody can move .（定语从句）

（七）方式状语从句

常用连词有: as , (just) as … so (正如，就像）   , as if / though , the way , what等

e.g. The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man .

   You may do as you please / like .

   As water is to fish , so air is to man.

   As bees love sweetness , so flies love rottenness .

   Please pronounce the word the way I did .

  c.f.  I don’t like the way you spoke to her . (the way后用that，不填，或者in which)

 Wings are to a bird what feet are to a man .（what引导的方式状语从句）

（八）比较状语从句

常用连词有: as …. as , not as / so … as , than , the more … the more 等 。

e.g.  I know you better than he does .

     The more we can do for you , the happier we will be .

     John plays football as well as , if not better than , David .

     I’m not so eager as he .

（九）注意状语从句的省略：在表“时间、条件、让步、方式、比较”等的状语从句中，如果从句谓语动词包含有 be 的某一形式，主语又和主句的主语相同，就可以把从句中的主语和 be 同时省略 （要么都不省）。如：

   Bad habits , once formed , are difficult to give up .

   If you go to Xi’an , you’ll find the places there more magnificent than commonly supposed .

特殊句型：

主谓一致、倒装、省略、替代、强调句式、常用句式

主谓一致：

名词作主语；连词连接的名词作主语；代词作主语；分数、量词作主语；名词化的形容词作主语；不定式、动名词或从句等作主语

一、名词作主语

1. 某些集体名词作主语，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。

   e.g. His family is a happy one .

      The whole family are watching TV .  

2. 某些集体名词(people, police, cattle)只能当复数看待，谓语动词用复数。

   e.g.  The police are searching for the thief .

3. 单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。

  e.g.  A sheep is over there .

       Some sheep are over there .

       Every means has been tried to stop it .

       All means have been tried to stop it .

4. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。  

e.g. The doctor’s is across the street .

5. 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金钱、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

   e.g.  Three years has passed since then .

6. 不定代词each, every, no等修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。

    e.g.  Each boy and each girl  wants to go to the cinema .

7.如果主语有more than one , many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。

  e.g.  More than one student has read the book .

       Many a girl has been there .

  但 ： More members than one are against your plan .

8.  trousers, glasses, shoes 等作主语时，通常用复数谓语。其前若带有 pair 时，谓语动词通常须与 pair 的数一致。 

   e.g.  A pair of shoes was on the desk .

        My trousers are worn out .

9. this kind of + n. 用单数形式。

  e.g.  This kind of men is dangerous .

   但    Men of this kind are dangerous .

10. 如果名词词组中心词是all, most, half , rest 等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之，用单数。

   e.g. All of my classmates like music .

      All of the water is gone .

11. “a + n + or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，“one or two + 复数名词”后一般用复数谓语。

   e.g.  A day or two has passed .

        One or two days have passed . 

12. 以-ics 结尾的学科名词作主语时，一般用单数谓语。

    e.g.  Physics is the mother of sciences .

13.  population 作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，但其前若有分数或百分数时，则一般用复数谓语。

   e.g.  The population of China is larger than that of any other country  .

        One third of the population here are workers .         

14. 数词或算术式作主语时， 谓语动词一般用单数。

   e.g.   Ten is a round number .

          Five and two is seven .

         Thirty divided by five equals six .

15. 当“the + 姓s ”作主语时， 一般用复数。

    e.g.  The Smiths go to church every Sunday .

16. 当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词一般用复数。

     e.g.  Ten thousands tons of coal were produced last year .

17. 在含有a large quantity of / large quantities of 的短语作主语时，谓语动词一般须与 quantity 的数一致。

    e.g.  A large quantity of teachers is needed .

         Large quantities of time are needed.

18. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

    e.g. Between the two windows hangs a picture .

       There is a pen and two pencil-boxes on the desk .

二、由连词连接的名词作主语

1.用 and 或 both…and 连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。

 e.g.  Plastics and rubber never rot .

     Walking and riding are good exercises .

     Truth and honesty is the best policy .

     The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor .

     The director and the secretary are in charge of the works .厂长和书记共同对工厂负责。

     The director  and secretary is in charge of the works .厂长兼书记对工厂负责。

2. 由or, either…or, not only…but also, not only…but also等 连接主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。

 e.g.  You or he is mistaken . C.f.  Are you or he mistaken .

    Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.

3. 当主语后面有 as well as, as much as, no less than , with, along with , like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的数按主语的单、复数而定。

   e.g.  The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library .

       Nobody but some students is here .

4. 由 and 连接的两个(或更多的)主语之前有 each, every, many a , no 等时，须用单数谓语动词。

 e.g. Each minute and (each) second is valuable to us .   No sound and (no) voice is heard .

  c.f. Not the boys but the girl was seen there .

      I , not you , am to blame .

三、代词作主语

代词作主语时，往往根据其意义一致的原则来确定谓语动词的数。

1. Ours (our party) is a great party .

    Your shoes are black, and mine are brown .

   2.Such is his fate .  Such are the facts .

   3. Those who want to go please put up your hands .

    Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun .

   4. Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu .

     Who live next door ? It is Xiao Liu and Xiao Zhang .

   5. Now all has been done .      All are present .

   6. I wanted some paper, but there was none in the house .

     c.f.   None of the books is / are mine .  

四、分数、量词作主语

1. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及“ a lot of / lots of/plenty o f/half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后的名词保持数的一致。

   e.g.  Lots of damage was caused by fire .

        A number of students have gone home .

   c.f.  The number of students here is more than 3,000.

2. a great deal of / a large amount of 修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词通常用复数。

  e.g. A large amount / deal of damage was done in

      a very short time .

  Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge .

3.表示数量的one and a half后,名词须用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。     One and a half bananas is left on the table .

4. half of , (a) part of 修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；修饰复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

   e.g.  Half of the money is yours .

        Part of his story was not true .

        The majority of the damage is easy to repair .

        Most of the oranges are sweet .

        The rest of the books are on the desk and the rest of the money is in the bag .

五、名词化的形容词作主语

“the + 形容词 / 分词”作主语时，表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，则常用单数谓语。

     这类词有：the brave / poor / rich / blind / young / old / sick / dead / deaf and dumb / injured / wounded / unemployed , etc. 

  e.g.  The rich are not always happy , and the poor have many problems .

      The good in him is greater than the bad .

六、从句等作主语

1. 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数。但what 引出的主语从句，可根据其意义而用单复数谓语（多看表语）。

  e.g.  That she likes collecting stamps is true .

       What we need is more time .

       What we need are doctors .

2. 动名词或不定式作主语时， 谓语动词一般用单数形式。但“不定式/动名词+and +不定式/动名词”作主语，谓语根据意义而定。

   e.g. To learn two languages is not easy .

       Reading and writing are two difficult skills .

      Speaking and writing has a lot to do with

reading .

3. one of …之后用单数谓语；one of … who/that 之后用复数谓语；the (only) one of …who/that 之后用单数谓语 。

   e.g.  One of their children has gone abroad for further study .

      I ordered one of the new copies that were advertised in Business Weekly .

      This is the (only) one of the books on the subject that has ever been written in Chinese .

4. 在“It is + 被强调部分 （主语）+ that/who…”结构中，that / who 后的谓语动词须与that / who前的“主语”保持一致。

  e.g. It is I who am to go instead of him .

倒装

一、倒装的一般用法：

1. 疑问句一般用倒装语序；

2. 感叹句一般不倒装，但有时可采用疑问句形式；

     e.g.   Isn’t it beautiful !

3. so, neither/nor 放在句首，表“一致”关系时，用倒装；

  e.g.  I like sports and so does my brother .

c.f. —John won first prize in the contest . 

   — So he did .

     If you don’t go there today , neither will I .  

注：如果前面为复杂情况，如两个不同形式的谓语、两个或两个以上的句子，或有肯定或否定的情况，用“so it is with ---” 或it is the same with ---结构：He is a good student and works hard ,so it is with Tom.

4. only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句放句首，用倒装；

   e.g. Only in this way can you make progress in your English .

      Only when the war was ended was he able to return home .

    c.f.   Only his brother was right .

5. 否定意义的词(组)放在句首时， 用倒装；常见的否定词(组)有：never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means （决不）, at no time（决不）, in no way,（决不） under no circumstance(决不), no sooner…than , not once, not until , not a single ,etc.

 e.g. Never will I forget the day when I did such a foolish thing .

Hardly had he finished the work when it began to rain . Little did he care about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself .

 6. So + 形容词/副词……that 句型中，如果“so+形容词/副词”提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。

   e.g. So interested was he in the program that he didn’t notice his mother come in .

   So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it .

7.省略if 的虚拟条件句中，须将were, had, should移到主语前，构成倒装； e.g.  Should it rain tomorrow , we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge .（should翻译为“万一”）

   Were I not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to do .

 8.由as 引出的让步状语从句需用倒装，其句型结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+主+谓 ；

  e.g.  Clever as he is , he doesn’t study well .

       Child as he is , he knows a lot .

       Try as he might，he still failed

9. 以here, there, then, now, down, up, in, out, back, over, away, off 等副词开头的句子要用倒装；   e.g.  Be quick ! Here comes the bus .

     Out rushed the children .  

       Away flew the plane .

  c.f. Here we are .  Here it is / you are .  Here he comes .（当主语是代词时不倒装）

 10. 当句首为表地点的介词短语时，也常引起完全倒装；

    e.g.  South of the river lies a small factory .

         On the wall hang two large portraits .

 11. 为避免头重脚轻，保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，有时也用倒装；

    e.g. Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people .

二、几个否定词提前的特殊句型

1. not only… but also…句型中前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装；

     e.g.  Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate this into sounds .

 2. Not Until…句型中前面的从句不倒装，后面的主句应采用部分倒装；

    e.g.  Not until I came back did he leave for work .

 3. No sooner…than…/ Hardly…when …句型中后面的从句不倒装，前面主句用部分倒装；

   e.g.  No sooner had Black got home than the phone rang .

 4. Neither…nor…句型中的每个句子均需用倒装。

   e.g.  Neither did I know this nor did I want to .

省略

一、简单句中的省略

1. 省略主语:

   e.g.  (You) Be seated , please .

      (I) Thank you for your help .

      (It) Doesn’t matter .

 2. 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分:

    e.g.   (There is ) No smoking .   (You come) This way , please .

        (Is there ) Anything else ?   (Will you) Have a smoke ?

       What (do you think) about a cup of tea ?

 3. 省略宾语:

e.g.   —Do you know Miss Cao ?     —I don’t know (her) .

      —Which of them is the better choice ? —Well, it’s hard to tell (it).

4. 省略表语：

   e.g.  —Are you thirsty ?    —Yes , I am (thirsty) .

      His brother is not lazy , nor is his sister (lazy) .

 5. 同时省略几个成分：

  e.g.  —Are you feeling better now ?

         —(I am feeling) Much better (now ).

         —Have you finished your work ?

         —(I have ) Not (finished my work ) yet .

6. 其他一些省略结构：

     1). 名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确提出过的事物时，常常可以省略。 e.g.  We spent the weekend at the Black’s .

    2). what 和 how 引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语 it 和 be 动词：

   e.g.  What a wonderful victory (it is) for Wilma !

    3). 不定式中的省略

A. 不定式中的动词通常省略，只保留不定式符号to,    (否定式用 not to);

e.g.I asked him to see the film , but he didn’t want to .—Shall I go instead of him ?      — I prefer not to

 B. 如果不定式中含有be, have (+ 过去分词) , 通常保留 be , have ;

  e.g.  —Are you a sailor ?   —No, but I used to be .

—Hasn’t he finished yet ? —Well, he ought to have .

C. 不定式符号 to 在“使让动词”、“感官动词”, help 等后通常省略，但如果用的是被动语态，则不能省略；

    e.g. We heard him play the guitar in his room .

       He was heard to play the guitar in his room .

   D. 在介词but, except 等前若有实义动词do的某种形式，其后的不定式省略 to ;

   e.g.  He did nothing but write a letter last night .

     c.f.  He desired nothing but to succeed .

    E. 在 help 后 to 可省可不省。

   e.g.  Can I help (to) carry it for you ?

   c.f. The dictionary can help you to improve your English .

二、复合句中的省略

 1. 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略；当先行词是time, reason, place时作状语的关系副词when, why, where有时也可省略；

  e.g.  This is the first time (when) he had trouble with the boss .

 2. 当 wh- 疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时，可以省略重复的内容，而只保留 wh- 疑问词； e.g.  Tom was sad , but I don’t know why (he was sad ).

 3. 状语从句的省略：

在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，如果主语与主句主语一致，或主语为 it  , 从句中有含有be动词时，可以把主语及be动词 一同省略。

 e.g.  Once (he was) a teacher , he now works in a government office.

    Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret .

    He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something .

    While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called .

    The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .

    He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak .

   When ( it is) necessary, I will come here to help you.

    c.f. Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street .  (从句的主语和主句的宾语一致，但不会引起歧义。)

4. 有时我们可用 so 或 not 代替上文内容，这时可有 if + so / not 省略句式。

   e.g.  Get up early tomorrow . If not ,you’ll miss the first bus .

   He may not be at home then, if so , leave him a note .

替代

1. so 和 not 作替代词，代替被省略的某个词、词组或句子，一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作 be afraid , believe, become , call, do, expect, fear, hear , hope, imagine, say, see, speak, suppose, think 等的宾语。not 代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps ,probably等副词之后。

    e.g. She was not angry at first,  but became so after a while .

    —Is he the best student in the class ?

    —I think so .  /  I think not .   /  I don’t think so .

注：guess 和hope 两词不能用I don’t hope/guess so ,只能用I hope /guess so 或I hope /guess not.

2. 替代的应用：1).  so 可以放在句首或句尾，但若动词为 see, notice, hear等，则只能放在句首。

e.g.  —He is absent today .   —So I see (notice, hear) .

 I believe (say, think,…)so .=So I believe (say, think,…).

 2). 在表示不肯定或怀疑意义的句子中不用 so ;如：

    误： I doubt so.    正： I doubt it .

 3).在 ask 和 know 后也不用 so ; 如：

  误： Why do you ask so ?  正：Why do you ask that ?

 4).do so 一般只用来替代动态动词，不替代静态动词。 e.g. She said she would go with me, but she didn’t do so .

     —Alice feels better today.

     —I think she does . / So she does .

   但不可说： I think she does so .

强调句型：

 It is / was … that / who …… .

 e.g.  Xiao Wang  speaks English  very well  in his class .

   It is Xiao Wang  who /that speaks English  very well  in his class .

 1、“强调句式” 及其三个变体

 (1) Is it Xiao Wang  who / that speaks English  very well  in his class ?

 (2) Who is it that speaks English very well in the class.

    What is it that Xiao Wang speaks very  well in the class.

  （3）It was not until he came back that I left .

     = Not until he came back did I leave .

     I didn’t leave until he came back .

2、强调句式与状语从句或定语从句的区别

It is 2008 when China’ll hold the Olympic Games.(时间状语从句)

It is in 2008 that China’ll hold the Olympic Games.（强调句式）

It was the mother school where I studied ten years ago.

It was in the mother school that I studied ten years ago.

EX:---Was it under the tree ___ you were away talking with a good friend ?

---- Sure .But when I got back there ,the car was gone.

    A.that    B.where   C. which   D.while

3、强调句式的省略：

       近年来的考题主要集中在把强调句式和定语从句结合起来考察，同时把强调句式的后半部分省去以迷惑考生。

       eg.  (1)---Who is making so much noise in the garden ?

       ---_____the children.

There are B.They are C.That is D.It is

解析：本题答案是D,命题者是把强调句式的后半部分承前省去了，全句补充完整应该是It is the children that are making so much noise in the garden。

(2)---I can’t find Mr.Smith .Where did you meet him this morning ?

 ---It was in his office ____he worked.

where B.which C.that D. the one

解析：本题答案是A.命题者把定语从句融入强调句式中去，考查学生的句式结构识别能力和语境理解能力，本题实际上是把强调句式的后半部分承前省去了，全句补充完整应该是It was in his office where he worked that I met him.

常用句型

1. “It” 句型：

   1). It is +adj. / n. + to do… / that… .

   2). 主+动+ it + adj. / n. + to do… / that… .

   3). It is / was + 被强调部分+ that / who … .

   4). It is / will be / was (not) … before … .

   5). It is / has been … since …   .

   6). It is no use / good + -ing … .

  c.f.  There is no need to do / for doing … .

2. That’s because …… .

  That’s why…….. .

  That’s how / wh- …… .

 3. “一致”句型：

    1).  So / Neither / Nor + be / do / have / can + 主 。

    2). So it is (the same) with …… .

 4. 祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句 。

Use your head ,and you’ll find a way.

Put up your hands ,or you ’ll be killed.

M ore effort ,and you’ll succeed in the end.

 5. “似乎、好像”句型： 

    It seems / appears that …….

It looks as if / though … … .

6、当谈到......的时候：when it comes to ......

He always smiles when it comes to his study .

7、It is not like sb to do sth .不像某人所为。

It is not like Mr Smith ,who is an honest man ,

to cheat anyone in business.