形容词变名词的后缀知识梳理和针对训练

知识梳理

1)-age 表示集合：

short 短的→shortage不足， 短缺

2)-cy表示性质、状态：

特殊形式: efficient →效率高的efficiency效率;  fluent 流利→fluency流利、流畅 ; accurate准确的 →accuracy准确（性） ;private私有的→ privacy隐私

3)-dom 表示地位、状况等 ：

free自由的→ freedom自由; 

特殊形式：bored厌倦的 →boredom厌倦; wise 明智的→wisdom智慧;

4)-ness 表示性质、状态：

weak 虚弱的→weakness虚弱;kind友好的 →kindness善良;cold 寒冷的→coldness冷淡、冷漠; aware知道 →awareness知道，意识

5)-th 表示结果、过程、性质、状态：

warm温暖的 →warmth温暖; 

特殊形式：deep深的 →depth深度;strong强壮的 →strength力量; long 长的→length长度; wide宽的 →width 宽度

6)-y/-ity表示性质或状态

difficult困难的 →difficulty困难;

特殊形式：safe安全的 →safety安全;cruel残忍的→ cruelty残忍;

responsible负责的→ responsibility责任; disabled丧失能力的 →disability缺陷，障碍

7)-ent变为- ence,-ant变为 -ance, -nd 变为nse：

different 不同的→diferfence不同，差异;silent沉默的，→不说话的 silence寂静; respond回应 →response响应;patient有耐心的 patience耐心;

 absent缺席的→ absence缺席;present出席的 presence出席;

confident自信的→ confidence信心;convenient方便的→convenience便利;

important重要的→ importance重要;defend防御，保卫→ defence防御，保护

针对训练

1. Poetry written from the ____ (perspect) of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.

2. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ____ (patient).

3. You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ____ (refer).

4.［ 改错］My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.

 

答案解析

1.Poetry written from the _perspective ___ (perspect) of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.

【解析】句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出他们因为缺少归属感而产生的焦虑。根据句意可知，perspective"视角，观点"符合句意。

2. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _patience___ (patient).

【解析】句意：无论什么时候我犯了错，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience"耐心"，符合句意。

3. You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _reference___ (refer).

【解析】句意：你最好把那家餐馆的电话号码写下来以便将来查看。reference"查看，查阅"，符合句意。

4.［ 改错］My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.

【解析】honest→honesty   考查名词。根据语境"我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键在于诚实"可知,此处该用名词形式作表语。