《道德经》六种英译本赏析——赵彦春;James Legge;Arthur Waley;林语堂;许渊冲; 辜正坤
第五十章
出生入死,生之徒,十有三;死之徒,十有三;人之生,动之于死地,亦十有三。夫何故?以其生生之厚。盖闻善摄生者,陆行不遇兕虎,入军不被甲兵。兕无所投其角,虎无所措其爪,兵无所容其刃。夫何故?以其无死地。
赵彦春:
From birth to death, those who live long count three tenths,
those who die early count three tenths, and those who are cut off
count three tenths. Why? Because of their way of living. It is said
that those who know regimen won't be attacked by
rhinos or tigers when walking, won't be
wounded by weapons in battlefields. Rhinos
have nowhere to thrust their horns, tigers
have nowhere to throw their paws, and
weapons have nowhere to shove their edges. Why? Because of their
dodge of dangers.
James Legge:
Men come forth and live; they enter (again) and die. Of every ten three are ministers of life (to themselves); and three are ministers of death.
There are also three in every ten whose aim is to live, but whose movements tend to the land (or place) of death. And for what reason? Because of their excessive endeavours to perpetuate life.
But I have heard that he who is skilful in managing the life entrusted to him for a time travels on the land without having to shun rhinoceros or tiger, and enters a host without having to avoid buff coat or sharp weapon. The rhinoceros finds no place in him into which to thrust its horn, nor the tiger a place in which to fix its claws, nor the weapon a place to admit its point. And for what reason? Because there is in him no place of death.
Arthur Waley:
He who aims at life achieves death.
If the “companions of life” are thirteen,
So likewise are the “companions of death” thirteen.
How is it that the “death-stops” in man's life
And activity are also thirteen?
It is because men feed life too grossly.
It is said that he who has a true hold on life,
When he walks on land does not meet tigers or wild buffaloes;
In battle he is not touched by weapons of war.
Indeed,
A buffalo that attacked him would find nothing for its horns to butt,
A tiger would find nothing for its claws to tear,
A weapon would find no place for its point to enter in.
And why?
Because such men have no “death-spot” in them.
林语堂:
Out of life, death enters.
The companions (organs) of life are thirteen;
The companions (organs) of death are (also) thirteen.
What send man to death in this life are also (these) thirteen.
How is it so?
Because of the intense activity of multiplying life.
It has been said that the who is a good preserver of hi life
Meets no tigers or wild buffaloes on land,
Is not vulnerable to weapons in the field of battle.
The horns of the wild buffalo are powerless against him.
How is it so?
Because he is beyond death.
许渊冲:
From birth to death,
one-third of men live long,
one-third die early,
and one-third
live and move
near the realm of death.
How can it be so?
For men overvalue a long life.
In fact, those who live long
will not go near rhinos or tigers on land,
nor go to war in armor with shield,
so that rhinos have no use of their horns,
and tigers of their claws,
and soldiers of their swords.
How can it be so?
For they will not come near the realm of death.
辜正坤:
When given to birth men live
And when being buried they die.
One third of them are long-lived;
One third of them are short-lived;
One third of them die
from their own choices
though they could have lived longer.
Why in such cases?
Because they are too eager to live longer;
It is heard
that he who is good at preserving his life
Does not meet with the rhinoceros
or tiger when traveling on land,
Nor is he wounded in war,
So the rhinoceros has no use for its horns
And the tiger has no use for its claws;
The weapons have no use for their blades.
Why in such cases?
Because there is no realm of death
for him to enter.
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