Lesson 43:Over the South Pole
飞越南极
How was the plane able to clear the mountains?
In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully
flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many
photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain
that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered
his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400
feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were
no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
pole n. (地球的)极 flight n. 飞行
explorer n. 探险家 lie v. 处于
serious adj. 严重的 point n. 地点
seem v. 似乎 crash v. 坠毁
sack n. 袋子 clear v. 越过
aircraft n. 飞机 endless adj. 无尽的
plain n. 平原
参考译文
美国探险家 R.E. 伯德在飞越北极3年之后,于1929年第一次飞越了南极。虽然开始时伯德和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照片,但他们很快就陷入了困境。在有个地方,飞机似乎肯定要坠毁了。只有在飞至10,000英尺的高度时,它才能飞过这些山头。伯德马上命令他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉,于是飞机可以上升了,它在离山头400英尺的高度飞越了过去。伯德这时知道他能够顺利飞抵300英里以外的南极了,因为前面再没有山了。飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色原野!
学习重点
1.Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. 虽然开始时伯德和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照片,但他们很快就陷入了困境。
(1)连词though引导的是让步状语从句,其含义为“虽然……”、“尽管……”。这个从句中的时间状语at first被单独用逗号隔开了,它如果按正常的词序应放在从句的末尾,但有可能会引起误解。
(2)at first与主句中的 soon形成时间上的照应,表示先后次序。
(3)take a photograph of 表示“拍……的照片”:
He took a photograph of his house before he left home.
他离家前给他家的房子拍了一张照片。
(4)that lay below为 the mountains的定语从句,that为从句的主语。
(5)run into trouble的含义与 get into trouble相似,表示“陷入困境”:
Each time he ran into trouble, he asked his parents for help.
每当他陷入困境时,他都向他父母求助。
2.At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. 在有个地方,飞机似乎肯定要坠毁了。
(1)at one point在此处可以解释为“在有个地方”,但它通常的含义为“在某一时刻”,point指时间上的某一点:
At one point, he made up his mind to become a painter.
他曾一度下决心要当个画家。
(2)it为“先行主语”,真正的主语为that引导的从句。it作先行主语时经常与seem,appear,look等连用:
It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off.
现在似乎可以肯定会议将被推迟。
3.… it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. ……它在离山头400英尺的高度飞越了过去。
clear在这里表示“(不接触地)越过”:
He cleared 2. 10 metres.
他跳过了2.10米。
by表示“以……之差”:
I missed the train by ten minutes.
我晚了10分钟,没赶上火车。
He is younger than me by two years.
他比我小两岁。
4.…for there were no more mountains in sight. ……因为前面再没有山了。
for表示“因为”。 in sight表示“在看得见的范围内”、“在可看见之处”:
No man was in sight.一个人也看不见。
Out of sight “看不见,出了视线范围”
5.lie vi.
(1)躺,(平)卧:
While I sat by the fire, my dog lay beside me.
当我坐在火炉旁时,我的狗躺在我旁边。
Don't lie on the floor! It's too cold.
别躺在地板上!太冷了。
(2)位于:
The mountains lie below us now.
现在群山在我们的下方。
Our village lies between a river and a road.
我们的村子位于一条河流和一条公路之间。
The town lies to the east of London.
这镇子位于伦敦东面。
课后习题答案
1.关键句型练习答案
A were able to take(1.3); could…get over(1.6); was then able to rise(1.8); would be able to reach(1.9); was able to fly (1.10)
2.难点练习答案
1 at last 2 at home 3 at once 4 at the moment 5 at times6 was at a loss 7 At first
3.多项选择题答案
1. b 根据课文第2-3行….R. E. Byrd, successfully flew over to the South Pole for the first time 可以判断出只有b. to fly over the South Pole
与事实相符,其他3个选择都不是R.E. Byrd 第一个做的事。 所以选b.
2. b 根据课文第7-8行Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise... 可以判断只有b. by making his
plane lighter 与课文的实际情况相符。其他3个选择都不是他成功的原因,所以应该选b.
3. a 这是一个一般过去时疑问几,需要选出正确的谓语动词。
a. lie (躺,处于某种状态,位于);b. lay (置,放)是lie的过去式;c. laid 是lay 的过去式和过去分词;d. lain 是 lie 的过去分词。 只有a. 最符合题目意思和语法。
因为在疑问句中已经有助动词Did,因此不能用过去式或过去分词,只能用动词原形。 b. 虽然也是动词原形,但不合乎题目意思,所以只能选a.
4. a 前一句It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet
(只有在飞至10,000英尺的高度时,它才能飞过这些山头)表示对想像的条件所作出的推测,只有a. would succeed in getting(会成功)与前一句的含义比较吻合;b. got 是过去式,表示过去发生的情况;c. was able to 表示过去成功地完成; d. had got 表示过去早已经完成的动作。这3个选择都与前一句含义不符,因此应该选a.
5. d 前一句中的was able to rise (得以上升)表示过去成功完成的事情。 a. could rise , b. might rise, c. might succeed in rising 都表示对没发生的事情的推测,与前一句含义不符。只有d. rose 表示过去发生的事情,与前一句时态相符。所以选d.
6. d 前一句中的be able to 表示“能够”,需要选出与它含义相同的词。a. impossible(不可能的)和b. necessary(必要的) 都与be able to 意思不同;c. able(有能力的)不能单独作表语,要用be able to. 由于这个句子的主语是it, 代表前一句中that 引导的整个从句,因此不适合于这个句子。只有d. possible(可能的,能办到的)与able to 的含义相同,所以选d.
7. a 这是一个定语从句,需要选出正确的关系代词作主语。c. it 和 d. which it 都不合乎语法,都不能作关系代词;b. who 是作主语的关系代词,但其先行词必须是人,而本句的先行词是the Pole. 只用a. which 最符合语法,它是关系代词,可以作主语指物,因此选a.
8. c 只有c. had 最符合题目意思. a. ran after(追赶), b. followed(跟随), d. ran(跑)这3个选择都不合乎题目意思,意思不通.
9. c 只有c. immediately(立刻,马上)同前一句中的at once 是同义词,所以选c. a. once(一次), b. soon(不久);d. quickly(快速地)这3个选择都与at once 的含义不太一样。
10. d 前一句The plane cleared the mountains 中的cleared 是"飞跃"的意思,需要选出同它含义相同的词. a. covered(覆盖), b. cleaned(弄干净), c. emptied(倒空)这3个选择都与cleared的意思不同. 只有d. flew over(飞过)与cleared 意义相同,所以选d.
11. a 本题目中,b. arrive(到达)是不及物动词,后面应该带介词at才对。
c. reach at, d. reach in 都不对,因为reach 当“到达”讲的时候是及物动词,后面不应带介词。 因此a. arrive at 是正确答案。
12. c 前一句的There were no more mountains in sight.(看不见高山)中的in sight 是“看得见”的意思,因为该句是否定句,所以是“不被看见”的意思,只有c. couldn't be seen(不能被看见)同前一句意思相符合。
a. were blind 是盲人 b. couldn't see 不能看见 d. were sightless 没视力的 这3个选择都与前一句意思不符合。
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