从即日起，我们会在这里连载TPO口语题目和参考答案（摘自《新托福真题详解——口语分卷》）。

       由于口语是要“动口”的，所以大家不单单只是“看"，更要跟着动口练习，才会得到好的效果！祝大家取得好成绩！

                   出自《新托福真题详解-口语分卷》 作者：乐闻携尔 刘文勇 张颖

TPO2—4

听力文本译文：

教授

好，我们说的我们与他人互动的方式会对我们的行为产生影响。事实上，这里有一些有趣的研究表明，在一种互动——尤其是当我们处于被观察的状态时，当我们知道自身的动作被别人看着时——我们会加快我们动作的速度。

 在一项研究中，大学生被要求穿一双鞋——那种他们必须要系鞋带的鞋。现在，一组 学生被告知他们将会被观察。而第二组并不知道他们会被观察。那些知道自己被观察的学 生系鞋带的速度比那些以为自己身边没有人的学生要快。还有其他的一些研究证实了：甚 至是当我们进行学习时也是一样的。

  假如说，一个人正在学习一种新的技能——例如，学习如何打字。当他们得知有人观 察他们时，他们可能会以比他们独处时要快得多的速度开始进行打字。

 可是，这很有趣，该研究同时表明了一个常见的行为——对于人们来说，这很典型 , 比如……当你正在学习某种新事物时，你会犯错，犯错这种行为也会增加。所以，换句话 说，当我们学习打字并且知道自己被观察时，我们会打得更快并犯更多的错误。

题目：请解释系鞋带和学习打字这两个例子是如何论证“观众效应”原理的。

  response 1 by native

The principle of audience effects  suggests that our work  and  our actions will  change when we  know  that  other people can  see  us.  The professor demonstrates this  through two  examples. First,  he  describes an  experiment in  which two  groups of people were asked to tie  their  shoes, and  only  one  group was  told  that  they  were being watched. This group tied  their  shoes much faster  than  the other group. Another  example is about learning typing. In a similar study, it was  shown that  people learning to type  often  type faster  and  make  more mistakes when they  know  they  are being watched. They tended to make  mistakes when giving the appearance of working faster.

response 2  by non-native

Audience effect suggests that people tend  to alter the way they  act when they  know they  are  being watched. The professor illustrates this  effect  through two  examples. The first one  shows that if college students were asked to tie the shoelaces, those  who  knew they  were being watched would tie  faster  than  those thought they  were alone. In the second example, the professor showed how the audience effect influences typing. Those who  thought they  were alone typed more  slowly but  more  accurately than  those who thought they  were being watched. When  under the  impression that  they  were being watched, participants typed faster  but made more mistakes.

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 版权声明：本文摘自刘文勇、张颖所著《新托福真题详解-口语分卷》，中国人民大学出版社出版，如需转载，请注明出处。