从即日起,我们会在这里连载TPO口语题目和参考答案(摘自《新托福真题详解——口语分卷》)。
由于口语是要“动口”的,所以大家不单单只是“看",更要跟着动口练习,才会得到好的效果!祝大家取得好成绩!
出自《新托福真题详解-听力分卷》 作者:乐闻携尔 刘文勇 张颖
TPO1-4
阅读材料:群体思维
当一个群体的决定最终导致在某件事的解决上采用了糟糕的或者是不合理的处
理方式时,就认为这件事在决策过程中受到群体思维影响。哪怕最终的结果不尽如人
意,群体中的个体成员也会倾向于去迎合多数人的观点。群体思维这种现象是由多种
原因引起的,包括希望被大家喜欢的渴望,对失去工作的担忧,甚至出于认为集体表
决的决定毕竟将会成为最终决定的这种想法,而不想成为唯一一个拖大家后腿的雇员
的那种念头。这些潜在的从众压力会使群体中的成员们最终做出一个他们在独立思考 时不会做出的选择。
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听力文本译文:
教授
我给你们讲讲几年以前我在一家计算机公司工作时的经历。一天,我和我的一个同事
提议:我们应该美化我们的计算机设计,使它们更与时俱进。市场调查表明:新客户对那
些外表更酷的计算机有更大的购买兴趣。我们的技术是一流的,但是外观的设计看起来真 的很老式。
刚开始,超过半数的人支持我们。然而,有几位高层管理者不支持更改设计。其中一
位管理者说:“我们的关注点一直都在技术上。改变外观会增加不必要的支出。”几乎在一
瞬间,一些原本支持我们的人也改变了观点,甚至跟我一起提议的那位同事也是如此。当
我在会后问他原因时,他告诉我他不想给高层管理者留下不好的印象。他认为与管理者意
见不合会对他晋升不利,因为这会使他看起来不像是个具有团队精神的人。
那我呢?虽然我极不情愿地承认,但是在几个小时的讨论后,我开始思考是否值得花
费每一个人的时间去讨论这个问题。随着更多的人支持高层管理者,我开始觉得我是唯一
坚持的人。其他的人似乎都认为改变是没有必要的,终于我也投了反对自己的票。所以,
我们一致同意保留现有的老套的设计。但是这个决定最终使我们损失了很多钱。在同一年,
我们的竞争对手推出了设计新颖的产品,这吸引了一些原本属于我们的客户,同时也阻止 了我们开发新的潜在客户。
题目:请用教授陈述的这个电脑公司的例子来解释群体思维及其影响。
response 1
by native
Groupthink is a process through which a group of people makes a
worse decision than each of
the members would not
make by him
or herself. Under groupthink,
members of a group attempt to please other members by changing
their ideas so as to better
match the ideas of
the other members. In the
computer company, the man and
his coworker had
the idea to change
the appearance of their
computers, but senior management
did not agree.
While the other group members
initially agreed with the man
and his coworker,
after senior management expressed
the disapproval, many of
them changed their minds,
even the man
himself. So
they voted
not to change the design.
However, their competitors redesigned the
appearance, and the man’s company lost a lot of
money.
response
2 by non-native
The reading material introduces a psychological
phenomenon called groupthink, which means individuals
tend to conform their opinions
to the group consensus, even when it is not wise.
In the listening material, the
professor illustrates it through an example.
When the
professor worked for a computer company,
he suggested giving their
computers a design makeover to increase the sale.
At first, more
than half the group supported
him. However, there were also a
few senior managers who disagreed
with this plan. In order not to
make a bad impression on
the senior managers, people began
to vote against
this proposal. In the end,
even the
professor himself agreed
that he was
only wasting everyone’s time.
Eventually, the inaction turned
out to be a bad business
decision since competitors updated the design
and took away
lots of customers.
http://fmn.rrfmn.com/fmn059/20121119/1410/b_large_xQ0S_6269000004151262.jpg
版权声明:本文摘自刘文勇、张颖所著《新托福真题详解-口语分卷》,中国人民大学出版社出版,如需转载,请注明出处。
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