代词：

代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。

人称代词，物主代词，反身代词列表如下：

		人称代词		物主代词		反身代词
		主格	宾格	形容词性	名词性
单数	第一人称	I
	第二人称	you
	第三人称	he
		she
		it
复数	第一人称	we
	第二人称	you
	第三人称	they

1.人称代词用法注意：（1）.介词及代词后用代词宾格形式

                   （2）.几个人称代词并列作主语时。人称代词的语序：

                        单数：（2.3.1）you,he and I

                        复数：（1.2.3）we,you and they

2. 物主代词用法注意：（1）.名词性物主代词相当于：“形容词性物主代词+名词”

                    （2）. of + 名词性物主代词 相当于 “of+名词所有格”

3. 反身代词常用于一些固定搭配词组中：

teach oneself /learn by oneself自学 

enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴  

help oneself to 随便吃   

by oneself 亲自

come to oneself 苏醒

4. 指示代词种类

单数	this	that
复数	these	those

指示代词的用法

⑴this/these  近指    This is my pen.

           下文要提到的事   Please remember this: No pains, no gains.

           打电话时介绍自己   This is Mike speaking.

⑵that/those  远指   That is her bike.

           上文提到的事   He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.

            打电话时询问对方   Who is that?

⑶对含有this或that一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的回答，用it代替问句中的this或that，用they代替问句中的these或those，以避免重复。

      ①—What's this?  —It's a book.          —Is that a rubber?  —No, it isn’t.

      ②—What are these? —They are pens.     —Are those rulers?  —No, they aren’t.

5. 疑问代词(who, whom, which, what, whose) 用来构成疑问句，在句中可以起名词词组作用。

wwho:主语，宾语，表语(作宾语是在口语中不能放在介词后)，询问某人身份，姓名

whom: who的宾格形式，作宾语

whose:who的所有格形式Whose books are these on the desk?

what: 询问某人职业； 不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些，什么”没有一定范围的限定

What are you reading now?

What’s your father?

which: “哪一个”在一定范围内特指的人或物

Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?

6.普通不定代词及复合不定代词

（一）普通不定代词

some, any	few, little	none  one  otehr
many, much	either, neither
each, every	both, all

1. either 和 neither

either 指两个之中的其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。

常构成固定短语搭配neither…nor… 没有…也没有，either… or… 不是…就是…；当连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(临近原则)

either/ neither of + 名词（代词）的复数 + 谓语动词（第三人称单数）。

Neither of the books is good.

There are trees on either side of the street.

Either you or I am going to America.

Neither you nor he is wrong.

2. both与all

both两者都…,常与and 连用，all 指三者或三者以上都

Both she and I are students.  All of us should go there.

3. each 与every

each 与every都表示“每一个”，each强调个别，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或事物，而every 只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。

There are trees on each side of the road.

Every student passed the exam.

Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.

(二)复合不定代词

somebody(某人)	anybody(任何人)	nobody(没有人)	everybody(每人)
someone(某人)	anyone(任何人)	no one(没有人)	everyone(每人)
something(某事)	anything(任何事)	nothing(没有东西)	everything(每一事)

1.当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they; 当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything, anything, something, nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it.

Everybody is here, aren’t they?

Everything is ready, isn’t it?

2. 当形容词或else（另外）修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词或else 必须放在复合不定代词的后面

Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.

3. everyone 的意思等同于everybody, 只能指人；

every one 既可指认也可指物，还可以和of 短语连用

Everyone/ Every one likes Mary.

I would like everyone to be happy.

I have kept every one of her letters.

7. 代词it 的用法

1）指代前面提到过的事物： This is not my book. It is Jim’s.

2) 代替指示代词this/that:  What’s this? It’s a pencil.

3) 指婴儿或不明身份的人

Who is shouting in the classroom？It must be Tom.

4) 表时间,季节或天气：

--What’s the time now? – It’s ten o’clock.

-- What’s the weather like today? – It’s sunny.

5) 表示距离：How far is it from your school to your home?

6) 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中

① It’s + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.

       It is important for me to work hard.

② It’s tie to do /for/that…

       It’s time to get up / for lunch.

③ It’s seems that … 看起来好像……

       It seems that he is quite happy.

④ It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做……

       It’s your turn to sing.

⑤ It’s + adj. + that 从句

       It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting.

7) 作形式宾语：Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?

8) 引导强调句等：It is / waw + 被强调部分 + that/who/whom/ + 其他部分

     It was on that cold night that we saw an exciting film.

8.it. one. that作代词时的区别

  it 特指上下文提到的同类同物  The pen is mine. It is nice.

  one泛指上下文提到的同类异物  Who has a pen?   I have one.

  that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词

      The weather in Shenyang is colder than that in Shanghai in winter.

9.other, the other, others,the others, another用法

不定代词	意义	用法说明
other	另外的	只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his等，则可与单数名词连用
the other	两者中的另一个	常与one 连用，构成“one…, the other…”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”
others	泛指别的人或物	是other 的复数形式，泛指别人的人或物（担不是全部），不能作定语，读读可以构成some…, others… 结构
the others	特指其余的人或物	是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物
another	任何一个，另一个	指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词

Tom is taller than any other student in his class.

Tom is taller than the others in his class.

Tom is taller than the other students in his class.

 

 

单项选择
1. Miss Brown will teach _____ English next term
   A. us            B. we           C. our           D. ours 
2. You’d better use _____ computer. _____ is broken.
   A. his; My       B. his; Mine     C. he; My        D. him; Mine 
3.—How did you learn swimming when you were young?
  — _____. It was not quite hard.
  A. By sea       B. By river       C. By myself     D. By the way 

4. He began to teach _____ English last year.
A. he           B. his            C. himself        D. he’s 

5. _____ of us has read the story, so we know nothing about it.
A. Some      B. Both       C. None       D. All 

6. —When shall we meet again next time?
 —_____ day is OK.
 A. Either        B. Neither      C. None      D. Any 

7. —Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy?
 —I’ll buy _____ of them, so I can give one to my friend Helen.
   A. either        B. neither       C. all         D. both 

8. – The exam was very easy, wasn’t it?
 -- Yes, but I don’t think _____ could pass it.
   A. somebody    B. anybody   C. nobody     D. everybody

9. Mary is so careful that she makes _____ mistakes in her work.
  A. few           B. many      C. little        D. a little 

10. – Have you finished your report yet?
  -- No. I’ll finish it in _____ ten minutes.
    A. another       B. more        C. other       D. else  

11. —Can I get you a drink?
—That’s very nice of you. I’ve already got _____.
 A. it             B. one         C. that      D. this 

12. The old woman kept one black dog and two white _____.
   A. one           B. ones         C. those      D. one’s 
13. _____ is wrong to play tricks on others.
   A. This           B. That         C. It       D. These 
14. Though it rained heavily, ____ were still playing on the playground.
A. they           B. them     C. their     D. themselves
15. ____ has happened and ____ did it?
    A. Who, who     B. What, who  C. What, what  D. Who, what
16. Please find out ____ he is looking after at home.
    A. who          B. which      C. whom      D. when
17. Let Tony do it by____. He is no longer a kid
    A. him          B. his         C. himself    D. he
18. People usually put small presents in ____ stocking on Christmas Eve.
   A. each other      B. each others  C. each other's  D. each others'
19. He has one blue pen and two red____.
    A. one's         B. those       C. one        D. ones
20. The bottle is empty. There is___ in it.
    A. anything     B. something    C. nothing     D. everything
21. I'm not busy. I haven't ____ to do.
   A. something     B. anything    C. nothing     D. everything

22. ___ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.
   A. Neither       B. Either       C. Both       D. Any
23. ___ twenty boys were playing football at that time yesterday.
  A. Each          B. Some        C. No one    D. Neither
24. —Did they find ___ in the park?
   —No, they found____ there.
    A. anybody, nobody        B. somebody, everybody
     C. anybody, somebody      D. everybody, anybody
25. The film isn't interesting. ___ people like it.
    A. Few          B. A little        C. A few      D. Little

句型转换
1. Jim doesn’t like playing the piano, and Jack doesn’t, either.（变为同义句）
          Jim        Jack likes playing the piano.
2. There is some milk in the glass.    （改为否定句）
  There               milk in the glass.

3.The girl in the hat is my sister?     （就画线部分提问）
                       your sister?
4. Both of the twins like the mooncakes with eggs in it.    （改为否定句）
        of the twins        the mooncakes with eggs in it.
5. There are few apples on the apple trees.              （改为反意疑问句）
 There are few apples on the apple trees，              ？
6. She didn’t tell me anything.                        （改为同义句）
 She        me        .
7. There is something unusual on the island.            （完成反意疑问句）
 There is something unusual on the island，              ？
8. I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.      （合并为一句）
 I’m reading a book              about Bill Gates.
9. All of the students have gone scuba diving.           （改为完全否定句）
               the students        gone scuba diving.
10. There is hardly any time left.                       （改为反意疑问句）
 There is hardly any time left，              ？

 

参考答案
单选. 1-5 ABCCC  6-10  DDDAA  11-15 BBCBB  16-20 CCDDD  21-25 BABAA

句型转换.

1.Neither…nor

2.isn’t , any

3. Which girl is

4.Neither, likes

5.are,there 

6.told,nothing 

7.isn’t, there 

8.which/that,is 

9.None,of,have/has 

10.is,there