In order to visualize the band structure in p4vasp, you will need to perform a corresponding calculation with VASP. There are several details that need to be considered:

• Use relaxed geometry.

• Precalculate the charge density.

• Inspect DOS with full k-points mesh.

• Inspect band structure with selected strips of k-points.

• Consider the right method for projecting wave functions if you want projected DOS and band structure.

Please consult VASP manual for more details, especially section Accurate DOS and Band-structure calculations.

Example for this article can be found in Download/Examples: vasprun_ldos.xml.

Loading and 3D View

Visulaization will be explained on a PbTiO3 system. The vasprun.xml file you can download here.
Start p4vasp and open the file (select Open in toolbox or File/Load system from menu).
After the file is opened, you should see PbTiO3 in the System selection in the upper part of the p4vasp window.
You can show the 3d structure by pressing Show and adjust the view in Control.

http://www.p4vasp.at/images/doc/pbtio3-view.png

DOS and Band structure

Select DOS+bands from the toolbar (or alternatively from menu Electronic/DOS + bands):
http://www.p4vasp.at/images/doc/dosbands-icon.png

This will open a graph showing the density of states (DOS):
http://www.p4vasp.at/images/doc/pbtio3-dos.png

Waring about DOS: DOS is calculated from the k-points specified. DOS stemming from a strip of k-points will highly probable look differently from a DOS from a complete k-point mesh. Thus if you want to show DOS and band-structure, you will likely need to combine two different calculations.

In all DOS/bandstructure graphs is the energy relative to the Fermi energy - i.e. the Fermi energy on the graph is zero.

You can change between different modes (DOS / bandstructure) in graph menu Show:
http://www.p4vasp.at/images/doc/dosbands-graph-show.png

• show DOS turns showing DOS on and off. This is mainly useful for projected DOS.

• DOS: Shows the density of states. (Energy on x-axis, DOS on y-axis.

• DOS (X-axis): Shows the density of states. (Axes are switched, i.e. DOS on x-axis, energy on y-axis).

• Bands: Shows the band structure.

• DOS and Bands: Shows DOS and band structure side by side.

Local DOS and band structure

Calculation of local projections of DOS and band structure depends on VASP settings. Please consult the VASP manual.
Selecting Electronic/Local DOS+bands control from the menu will open a form, where you can add projected DOS and band structure to the graph:
http://www.p4vasp.at/images/doc/electroniccontrolapplet.png

This form controls display of both projected DOS and projected band structutre. It allows to select and sum up projections on different atoms, orbitals and spin projections.
In order to add a new projection do the following:

1. Selecting atoms(s). You can do this by either pointing to atoms in 3d view and pressing space or by a selection language - e.g. "Pb" will select all lead atoms. Contributions on all selected atoms will be summed together.

2. (optional) Write description label, that will appear in the graph legend. If not specified, it will be filled automatically.

3. (optional) You can specify symbol color, type and size to be used for projected band structure.

4. Spin projection (only relevant if spin has been calculated).

5. Orbital projection: use checkboxes, select and deselect buttons to select desired spherical harmonics projections (orbitals). Press Select all to sum up all orbital projections. Contributions on all selected spherical harmonics projections will be summed together.

6. Press Add new line.

Note, that graph will show DOS and/or band structure depending on what was selected in Show menu.

http://www.p4vasp.at/images/doc/dosbands-graph-pb.png

在DOS图左上角有个graph，点这个选择export| 导出你需要的格式。一般我不会直接用它生成的图，我都是导成data格式，然后再origin或其他专业画图软件中画图。

Selecting atoms

• http://www.p4vasp.at/media/system/images/printButton.png

• http://www.p4vasp.at/media/system/images/emailButton.png

        Atom selections are needed in several situations: in the  Structure viewer for showing/hiding atoms, for geometry manipulation and in the projected DOS and band structure.

      The easiest way to select/unselect atoms is to point to an atom in Structure viewer and press space.

      This will select/unselect the atom under the mouse arrow.Selected atoms are in the 3d view marked by black spirals around the atom spheres. Each selection can be represented by a selection statement. As you select/unselect atoms in the Sructure viewer, the selection statement is updated and it is shown in theSelection field:

     The selection statement uses a simple mini-language for definig groups of atoms..

Selection language by example:

• Ca - shows all calcium atoms. Warning: the case matters, thus ca or CA will not work.

• 2 - select the second atom in the structure.

• 2-5 - select the atoms in the range from second to fifth (i.e. 2,3,4,5).

• 2- -select every atom from the second one (2,3,4,5,6,...).

• -5 -select every atom up to the fifth (1,2,3,4,5).

• all - select all atoms.

• #1 - select all atoms of the 1st specie.

• Ca:1 - select the first calcium atom (terms like Ca:2-5,Ca:2-,Ca:-5 are also legal).

• #2:1 - select the first atom of the second specie (terms like #2:2-5, #2:2-, #2:-5 work as well).

• C:3- Sc  - select all carbon atoms starting from the third, and all scandium atoms. Terms can be joined together (separated by one or more spaces).

如何画自旋向上和向下的局域态密度 ，

选择electronic 菜单中Local DOS +band control选项，输入考察的元素符号，例如先选d电子的spin up,点击add new line得spin up态密度，再选spin down ,同时勾选invert y axis，点击add new line，得d电子的spin down态密度；一次类推

能带结构：需用计算能带时产生的xml文件处理。

p4vasp态密度图自动指定Fermi能级处为0点，但能带结构时，需手动减去Fermi能级

首先是DOS BAND的计算过程，我就不说了这个网上绝对有一大堆。
所有的计算完之后，就该用到P4VASP这个软件了
(1)把你服务器上的计算结果传到本地电脑上面（这里的计算结果指的是你算能带、态密度的最后一步结果，注意要把整个计算文件夹传过来）
（2）运行p4vasp.bat文件，然后点file | load system ，选择你刚才传过来的那个文件夹，然后选中里面的.xml文件
（3）选择菜单栏里面的Electronic | DOS + BANDS 你就可以看到态密度和能带了，里面还有很多其他功能，比如说结构（structure），STM，收敛状况等等，这个需要自己摸索。我想摸索一个新软件的用法对于学计算化学的同学应该不是很难。
（4）最后就是怎么到处结果了，在DOS图左上角有个graph，点这个选择export| 导出你需要的格式。一般我不会直接用它生成的图，我都是导成data格式，然后再origin或其他专业画图软件中画图。
就这么多吧，祝各位好运！