关于rather than和prefer[pri'fə:] vt.的所有用法总结
(2012-09-30 17:18:45)
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关于rather than和prefer[pri'fə:] vt.宁可, 较喜欢, 提出(控告)的所有用法:
一、rather than 是一个并列连词,用法比较复杂,现归纳如下6种用法:
1. rather than 与would 连用时,构成“would rather...than...”句式,意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一。例如:
She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2. rather than 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……;与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下:
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去野营。
注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。
We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
注意:rather than 后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式。如:Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉,把它们以半价卖掉了。
He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的,而不是走来的。
注意:这里rather than 后用了walked,而没有用walk,表示客观事实,而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。
二、prefer[pri'fə:] vt.是一个及物动词,相当于like better,意为“宁愿;较喜欢”,其现在分词、过去式要双写词尾-r,再加-ing, -ed,即preferring, preferred,用法如下:
1. prefer可单独使用,也可后跟名词、代词,意为“喜欢某人或某物”。如:
Which subject do you prefer, English or maths? 英语和数学,你更喜欢哪一科?
Do you prefer apples or bananas? 你更喜欢苹果还是香蕉?
2. prefer后可接v-ing,也可接不定式,表示“宁愿做某事”,“特别喜欢做某事”。如: Few children prefer working to
playing.
很少有孩子只爱工作不爱玩耍。
3. prefer后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即prefer sb. to do
sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”。如: I prefer him to do it in a
different way.
我更希望他用不同的方法去做。
4. prefer...to...意为“喜欢......而不喜欢......”“喜欢......胜过......”“宁愿......而不愿......”用作宾语的是名词、代词或v-ing,其中to是介词,不是动词不定式符号。如: He prefers English to
Chinese.
比起语文他更喜欢英语。
He prefers swimming to surfing.
同冲浪相比,他更喜欢游泳。
5. prefer to do
sth rather than (to)do sth.表示“宁愿做......而不愿做......”此结构中,prefer后须跟动词不定式,而rather than后则接带to或不带to的不定式均可。如:
She prefers to stay at home rather than (to)go with us.
她宁愿呆在家里,也不愿和我们一起去。
注意:这种结构中的rather than可以置于句首, 构成特殊倒装句型。
“prefer to do…rather than do…”(宁愿做…而不愿做…)。该句型可将“rather than do…”提到句首,从而构成特殊倒装句型“rather than do…prefer to do…”。例如:
Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
prefer to do A (rather than do B)= rather than do B,prefer to do A
= prefer to do A
(instead
of doing
prefer to do A (to do B可省略)----更喜欢做A。(而不喜欢做B)(to 是动词不定式符号)
prefer
1.
2.
3.
4.
prefer
prefer A to B--------喜欢A,而不喜欢B,(to是介词)
在词组 prefer……to…中,to是介词,其作用是引出两个比较对象,因此,动词prefer的宾语和介词to的宾语在形式上应一致,可以是名词、代词或动名词,不可用不定式。如:
①He said he preferred the country to the city.他说城市和乡村相比,他更喜欢农村。
②
附例句:我父母宁愿住在乡下,也不愿意住在城市。 (6种译文)
Rather than live in the city, my parents prefer to live in the country.
=My parents prefer to live in the country rather than (to) live in the city.
= My parents prefer to live in the country rather than living in the city.
= My parents prefer to live in the country instead of living in the city.
= My parents prefer living in the country to living in the city.
= My parents prefer living in the country rather than living in the city.