there be 句型的综合详解:
(2012-07-23 10:02:06)
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there be 句型的综合详解:
大家首先要知道,英语口语中遇到的这样一种表示“有”提问句型的思维意义:What’s
(there)+表地点状语的介词短语?
例1:What's in the classroom? 或Who's in the classroom?教室里有什么?
例2:What's in the box? 箱子里有什么呢?
例3:What's in the news /paper today? 今天有什么新闻呢?(今天报纸上有什么呢?)
定义:英语中,There be陈述句句型,常表示某处(某地)存在有某人或某物。
结构句型:there be(are/is/ was /were)+主语+介词短语......
(1)
There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。
(2)
There are four apples on the tree.(长在树上)树上有四个苹果。
There are many things to see in Shanghai.上海有很多可以参观的地方。
(3)
There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There is a baby sleeping in the room.房间里有一个宝宝正在睡觉。
(4)
There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。
There are two boys running on the street.街上有二个男孩正在奔跑。
(5)
There is a garage built onto the side of the house. 这所房子的一边建有一个车库。
There is no food left in the refrigerator.冰箱里没有剩下的吃的了。
(6)
There are 10 ants trampled to death next to the tree. 有10只蚂蚁踩死在树旁。
There are 10 ants trampled to be dead next to the tree. 有10只蚂蚁踩死在树旁。
注意:there是个引导词,在句子中不充当任何成分的。翻译时也不必译出。在句中,它处于主语的位置,起形式主语的作用。句子的真正主语是放在 b e后面的那个名词词组“某人或某物”。在there be 句型中,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词be要与靠它最近的名词的单复数保持一致,并且在肯定句中用“and”连接两个名词,否定名中用“or”连接。
例: There is a bird in the tree.树上有1只鸟。
There are always more than one hundred birds in the big tree every evening。 每天傍晚那棵大树上总会有100多只小鸟。
There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are many students and a teacher in our classroom.我们教室里有许多学生和一位老师。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree.树下有二个男孩,一个女孩。
一、There be句型的用法:
1)There与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词、表示时态的短语和一些动词短语,以强调某种语气。
例如:There must be some flowers in the box. 盒子里肯定有些鲜花。
There happened to be some money in my pocket.我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。
There will be a meeting this afternoon.注意:be不能换成have及have的变化形式。
2)There be句型常与过去时间状语连用,构成一些固定句型,用于故事发生的开头,交代故事发生的时间。
例如:Many years ago, there was such a beautiful girl called Caixia.很久以前有一个叫彩霞的美丽女孩。
3)There be句型可换成There come / go/live/stand/lie/seem to be/happen to be等,以引起注意,加强语气。
某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用。如appear,seem,come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise,enter,follow,occur,rise,grow,happen,belong,arrive,fly,flash,sail,pass,run,spring up,emerge 等。
例如:There comes the bus公共汽车来了。
There (seems to be) a knife and a fork on the table.
A.
解析: 根据就近原则,首先排除B、D。只从A和C中选答案,而感官动词一般不用于进行时,故C也不正确。
4)There be句型或There加其他动词的句型,其动词的单复数,常采用就近一致的原则。
例如:There is a desk, two chairs and three benches in the room.
=There are two chairs, a desk and three benches in the room.
5)There be或There加其他动词的句型,其反意疑问句一律用…there挂。
例如:There is a cat in the garden, isn't there?
There used to be no house here, used there / did there?(过去这儿没有房子,是吗?)
二、使用There be句型时应注意:
1)There be句型中的be 有各种时态。
There ought to have been someone on duty all the time.本来应该有人全天值班。
There +半助动词(如:be going to, be certain to, be sure to, be likely to, have to be等 )+be的结构。There is going to be a rain.要下雨了。
There is likely to be an interview.可能会有一场面试。
There has to be a mistake.必定有错。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。--Yeah, Exciting news!
There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。
There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。
There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。
2)动词be的单复数形式要与there be之后跟的主语名词(就近)保持一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。
there is 后面接可数名词单数还有不可数名词,(there is +可数名词单数/不可数名词),there are 后面接可数名词复数。(there are+可数名词复数).
There be句型有数的变化:be的单复数取决于其后的主语。单数主语用is.复数主语全用are.如有并列主语时,be随第一主语变,即就近原则。
There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
There is some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一些纸和一支笔。
There are two pieces of paper on the desk. 桌子上有二张纸。
How much bread is there on the plate?盘子里有多少面包?
How many people are there in the city?这个城市里有多少人口?
There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。
There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。
There are some students and a teacher in the classroom. 在教室里有一些学生和一位老师。
There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 在教室里有一位老师和一些学生。
3)there be引导的句子结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可。
例如:There is no time to lose (= to be lost).时间紧迫。
There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不见有什么。
4)There be句型的否定句和一般疑问句。记住下面的口诀:There be句型有特点,主语放在be后边。变否定,很简单,be后要把not添。变疑问,也不难,把be提到there前面;肯定句中有some, 否定/疑问中把any换。
(1). There is a book on the desk. (变否定句) →There is not / isn't a book on the desk.
5)There be句型和have/has的区别:There be是存在‘有’,即某地有某物;表示某物(无生命的)、某人存在于某个地方。这是客观存在的东西。只强调空间上的存在,并不表示拥有某物。
have/has是人为‘有’,即某人(有生命的)有某物,表示某人或某物拥有某一样东西。它表示所有、拥有关系。
另外,there be结构中的be 用单复数应与最靠近它的名词的数保持一致。
例如:There is a book on the desk.书桌上有一本书。
I have a book. 我有一本书。(He has a book.她有一本书。)
二者有时也可以通用,表示"某物本身拥有……"。当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be句型可与其互换。当表示某物的组成部分时,二者可互换。
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.一个星期有7天。
The classroom has ten desks. = There are ten desks in the classroom. 教室里有十张桌子。
三、
例1.(There’s) some rice in the big bags. A.There's B.Have C.Has D.There are
There isn’t any rice in the big bags. = There is no rice in the big bags.
例2、There is still (
例3、
四、there be句型的各种转换
1.变成否定句(和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be后面加上not(副词) 或no(形容词)即可。)注意:not a/an/any+n.=no+n. 强调一个都没有。注意肯定句中有some时,变成否定句子时要将其改为any。
例:There are some pictures on the wall.--- There aren’t any pictures on the wall.= There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree.----There isn’t a bike behind the tree.= There is no bike behind the tree.
2. 变成一般疑问句(把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。注意肯定句中有some时,变化时将其改为any。(否定变化时也一样的。)
There are some fish in the water.----Are there any fish in the water?
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are. 否定回答:No, there isn’t/aren’t.
3. 变成特殊疑问句,用there be句型来对部分成分提问.
例:There is a boy in the classroom.
(1.)对句中表示数量的部分“a” 提问的话,要用how many。
how many boys(注意many 后加可数名词复数)are there in the classroom?
对数量提问的一般有二种句型:
How many+复数可数名词+are there +介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+ is there +介词短语?
(2.)如果是对主语(a boy) 提问,那么要用who/what。
句型Who’s (there)+介词短语?
What’s (there)+表地点状语的介词短语?
who's in the classroom?=what's in the classroom?
There are five boys in the classroom.
复数的话,对five boys提问:who's in the classroom? = what's in the classroom?
还有一种情况是不可数名词, there is some water in the bottle.
对some 提问:用(how much因为水是不可数)how much water is there in the bottle? 对主语(some water)提问:what's in the bottle?
对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,要用 who引导。当主语是物的时候,则用 what引导。注意,无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be 的单数形式,都是用what's.提问。回答时却要根据实际情况来决定。
(3.) 如果是对地点状语(in the classroom) 提问,那么要用where引导。
Where is the boy? 或Where are the boys?
在简略回答对地点状语的特殊疑问句提问时,口语中可用:Here it(he/she) is.(单数情况,他在这儿呢。) Here they are.(复数情况,他们是在这儿呢。) 来指出某物是“在什么地方”。
Here/There置于句首时,通常地,后面的主、谓语需要倒装形式。且这时的主语中心词大多是个名词。如:Here is your book.若主语是个代词,就不需要倒装形式了。如:Here it is.
另及注意译文的区别:There we are!就(放)在这儿吧! Here you are. (给你。)
4. 变成反意疑问句(附加疑问句)的结构时,,用be (not) there?意即要用there来充当主语。而不用It 或They来充当。
There is some milk in the bottle, isn’t there?
五、含有there is的七个重要的特殊表达方式:
1There is no sense in doing 做某事是没有用的,没有意义的
There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。
There in no sense in going alone.一个人去是没有好处的。
2 There is no use /good doing 做某事是没有用的,没有必要的
There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要的。
There is no good/use going there.去那儿是没有好处的。
3.There is no need to do 没有必要做某事
There is no need to worry.
There is no need to give him so much money.
4. There’s no point in doing sth 句式。意为“做某事没有用”:
There’s no point (in) telling her about is. 告诉她没有用。
There’s no point in wasting time. 耗时间没用。
5. There’s no doubt… 结构。意为“毫无疑问…”:
There is no doubt of his success. 毫无疑问他一定会成功。
6. There is no hurry (to do sth) 句式。其意为“不用急(于做某事)”:
There’s no hurry to return the book. 现在不急于还书。
There’s no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully.不用赶时间要慢慢细心地做
7. There’s something wrong with… ?结构,表示某物出了什么毛病。
六、There be 的两种非限定形式,即there to be 和there being。称为非限定存在句,可以作主语、宾语、介词补足成分。
1当作主语时,一般是There being型,当句式中有for时,一般用there to be。如:There being a shop here is a great advantage.
There being a house with a garden is of great value.
It is impossible for there to be any more.
2 作动词的宾语时,一般用there to be 结构。常见动词有:expect, mean, intend ,want, prefer等,而动词anticipate(期望)后要用there being 结构。
The committee anticipated there being less debate in the second discussion.委员会期望在第二次讨论中争议能少一点。
We expect there to be no argument.我们希望不会出现争吵。
People don't want there to be anther war.人们不希望再有战争。
I’d prefer there to be more cooperation.我希望有更多的合作。
作介词的宾语一般用There being句式,但当是for时一般用there to be句式。
This depended on there being a sudden change. 这需要有一个突然的改变。
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。
It was seldom for there to be no late comers.新来者很少没有迟到的。
3 作介词补足成分,介词是for时,一般用there to be形式,介词不是for时,则用there being形式。
4 There being形式,还可以用作状语分句,形成独立主格结构。
There being no further discussion, the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room. 没有可讨论的了,主席站了起来,离开了会议室。
There having been no rain, the stream was dry.一直没有下雨,小溪都干涸了。
七、there be句型中,句子成分划分的各种理解法:
there be句型中,there是引导词,be是谓语动词,be 动词后面的名词是主语,名词后面的现在分词或过去分词为定语,介词短语或副词为状语。
简单地说,there be句型是说“有”的意思,但是,它其实没有实际意思,只是把be动词提前,然后在前面加一个there,其他成分位置不变。翻译就是:有……在做什么。
(注意:这个句子也是there be句型,如there lived a fisherman on the island ),分词作定语,介词短语等作状语表地点,时间等。
1.there are many children playing on the ground now。
are(谓语),many(定语)children(主语)playing(定语,) (张道真语法之见解)
playing 是children的定语,相当于定语从句的作用。
即:There are many children who are playing on the ground now.
如果没有there,在类似这样的句子中出现在系动词之后,就是作表语的。
如:Many children are playing on the ground now.
2. There is a garage built onto the side of the
house.
be动词is是谓语,a
即:There is a garage which is built
There is no food left in the refrigerator.冰箱里没有剩下的吃的了。
Is(谓语),no(定语),food(主语),left(定语) ,是food的定语,相当于定语从句的作用。
即:There is no food which is left in the refrigerator.
3. There are only ten minutes remaining.
are(谓语),only (状语)ten (定语)minutes(主语)remaining(定语)
4. He donated some money to help the poor of the mountainous area.
he (主),donated(谓),some (定),money(宾),不定式短语(to…..)(目的状语)
5. There are 10 ants trampled to death next to the tree. 有10只蚂蚁踩死在树旁。
are(谓) 10 ants(主) trampled(定语) to be dead(补语) next to the tree(状语).
6.There is something wrong with your bike .
something 主语
be with sb.和。。。一起,something wrong is with your bike
7. there is some milk in the bottle.
There be句型属于倒装的主系表结构,主语在系动词后面,而表语则以主语补足语的形式出现。打头的there是代词,作形式主语,引导倒装的结构,但是没有任何意义。
There (代词引导倒装结构) is (系动词) some milk (主语) in the bottle (主语补语).
这句还原成正常的主系表形式后,就是:
Some milk (主语) is (系动词) (there) in the bottle (表语).
There be 结构是一常见的表示“存在”的句型。“there be...”句型是存在句的常用基本结构,there在句中处于主语位置,起形式主语的作用,真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如: milk是不可数名词所以用单数is 。there is 为形式主语,真正的主语为milk in the bottle 在这里这句话的意思表示瓶子里有一些牛奶 .
there was a terrible noise followingthe sudden burst of light.
there be句型是个倒置强调句,后面的following做定语,修饰noise表示伴随
Thereis a student(主语) in the room.(地点状语)
there be +主语+地点,现在通常理解为一个固定句型,翻译为“某地有某物”,但实际上,这是一个倒装句。我们学过倒装的形式,当表示时间、方位的副词或者介词短语位于句首时,进行全部倒装,there 是一个方位副词,位于句首要进行全部倒装。这个句型,本身就是一个完整的句子,只要你想表达“某地有某物”时就可以用。比如:我们班有40个学生。 There are 40 students in our class. 当然在这个句型中be动词,还可以用其他一些实意动词:比如come,go, exist,live等等。除此之外,还需要注意这个句型中符合就近一致原则。
英语There
1.There
A.is
2.There
A.is
3.There
A.apple
4.There
A.is
5.There
A.have
6.There's
A.have
C.be
7.There
A.isn't
8.________
A.How
C.How
9.There
A.an
10.There
A.×
11.There's
A.an
12.There
A.a;A
13.There
A.an;a
14.There
A.has
15.There
A.are
C.are
16.There
17.________
A.Is
18.There
A.have
19.There
A.isn
20.—There
—
A.Yes,there
C.Yes,there
21.There
A.any
22.There
A.are
23.How
A.desks
24.There
A.are
25.There
A.are