2015考研英语（一）真题答案及解析_youaretrue

http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/2879382274

首页博文目录关于我

个人资料

微博

加好友发纸条

写留言加关注

博客等级：
博客积分：

博客访问：
关注人气：
获赠金笔：0支
赠出金笔：0支
荣誉徽章：

正文字体大小：大中小

2015考研英语（一）真题答案及解析

(2014-12-28 10:04:36)

标签：

杂谈

完型

答案及解析

1.A. what2.B. concluded3.D. on4.C. compared5.C. samples6.A. insignificant7.C. know8.D. resemble9.B. also10.D. Perhaps11.B. to12.D. drive13.B. rather than14.C. benefits15.A. faster16.D. understand17.B. contributory18 A19 C

20 A

新题型（七选五）41C42E43G44B45A【详细解析】原文来源：Martin Montgomery等人所著的Ways of Reading: Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature一书Unit 1.
41. C. If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the ashemption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.解析：C段中提到的words or idioms和meanings在41空前句重现。前句提到我们阅读时会试着”识别单词的意思和词与词之间的关系”（identifying meanings for individual words and workingout relationships between them）；C段开头承接此话题，提到如果不熟悉单词或习语的意思，我们则会去猜它们的含义（If you are unfamiliar with words or idoms, you guess at their meanings）。C段中提到的guess以及clues presented in the context对应41空后句的infer a context for the text。C段提到我们会“基于上下文中的线索”（using clues presented in the context），对某些词或短语进行推测；41空后承接此话题，并用for instance具体举例描述我们如何对上下文进行推测。
42. E. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity — inferences that from the basis of personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.解析：E段中的inferences在42空前两句均有重现（inference及infer）。42空两句提到阅读理解时我们会“主动参与推测、解决问题”（active engagement in inference and problem-solving），会对作者文中留下的“证据和线索”（specific evidence and clues）进行信息的推测。E段承接此话题，并用for instance具体举例描述我们会对文章信息做怎样的推测。

E段最后提到，读者所做的推测构成了“读者自身经验反应的基础”（form the basis of a personal response），因此与作者所想说的必然不会完全一致；这很好地成为了下段首this way的指代对象，也对应了下段首提到的“每个读者的理解轨迹不一定完全相同”（comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader）。

43. G. Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organisation or pattering we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.解析：G段首的Rather很好地衔接了该段与43空前话题的转折，43空前句开头的not构成了“not…rather...”的“不是……而是……”结构。43空空前提到，阅读理解的问题不是读者“重获了一些绝对、固定或’真正’的涵义”（the retrieval of a absolute, fixed or ‘true’ meaning）。R段承接此观点，进一步提出在阅读理解时，读者是在“基于字面及上下文材料之间的互动”（interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material）去理解文章的意义。G段最后提到的various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude成为了下段首such background material的直接指代对象。
44. B. Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.解析：B段首的Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class即是对44空前who we are的承接和细化。

B段中的interpretations在后句重现。B提到读者自身的的各种因素会“鼓励读者进行某些方向的解读、但?蹦：踔练獗掌渌目赡堋保╡ncourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others）；这很好地与后句观点“这并不意味着读者的解读是无关或无意义的（This doesn’t, however, make interpretations merely relative or even pointless）”构成了转折，后句首的however也有了基础。另外，后句首的this则可以回指B段的观点。

45. A. Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a give course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.解析A段具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的以及阅读方式，这是对45空前句How we read a given text以及our particular interest in reading it的细化。A段的信息也成为了45空后句such dimensions of reading（这些阅读的维度）的指代对象。干扰段说明：D. In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meaning or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones author intended.解析：D段有点像是放42空：reconstruct the likely meaning类似空前的infer information，author对应空前的writer。但是如果将D段放在42空，则无法承接出下段首句。D段末尾提到的读者能“推测出作者的意图”（These might be the ones author intended）与42空下段首提到的“每个读者的理解轨迹不一定完全相同”（comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader）是相反的。F. In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.解析：F段所说的话题与每个空前后的信息都不太吻合。

阅读
答案及解析

Text121 D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. D due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. B the role of the nobility in modern democracies.24 D fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. C Carlos, a lesson for all european monarchs
Text226. [B] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.27. [C] disapproval.28. [A] getting into one’s residence.29. [D] citizens’ privacy is not effective protected.30.[B]New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.
Text331. [B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.32. [C] marked33. [D] set an example for other journals34. [C] has room for further improvement.35. [A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersText436. (A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.37. (B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.38. (C) was hardly convincing.39. (A) generally distorted values.40. (C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

翻译答案及解析

46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.考点：短定语词义的选择译文：在各种各样强大动机的驱使下，移民热运动在荒野中建立起一个国家，而且从本质上决定了这片处女地的特点和命运。
47)The United States is the product of two principal forces --the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.考点：专有名词短限定性定语从句词义的选择译文：美国是两股主要力量相互作用的产物——拥有不同思想，风俗和民族特征的欧洲移民以及重新诠释这些特征的新兴国家所带来的影响。
48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.考点：词义的选择 of 专有名词短状语结构短限定定语译文：但是美国独特的地理条件，各个国家相互的影响以及在这一全新大陆去维持旧大陆生活方式的困难都带来了重大的改变。
49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after 15th and 16th century exploration of North America.考点: 短限定性定语从句专有名词词性的转换词义的选择定语的嵌套结构译文：人们在15和16世纪探索了北美洲。一百多年以后，第一批移民，穿越大西洋，来到了这片土地——就是今天的美国。
50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.考点：词义的选择 with结构（短限定定语） which限定性定语从句。

译文：原始森林从缅因州绵延到佐治亚州，拥有大量的树木且种类繁多，堪称宝藏。

【解析】本次考研翻译真题选自《美国历史纲要》（The Outline of American History,1954）, 难度基本上和2014年的翻译真题持平，也是历年真题中唯数不多的一篇讲述美国历史的文章，是考研中第一次多次出现地名的翻译的文章，而且在这一年考题中又一次出现了定语的嵌套结构。总体来说，本次翻译的出题点集中在短限定性定语，嵌套结构，非限定性定语，短状语结构，专有名词，词义的选择，词性的转换等方面。而这些考点及翻译的相应策略都在我们之前的强化班和点睛班详细地讲解过，如果新东方学员能够掌握我们上课时所讲授的方法，相信这次考试可以取得一个很好的成绩。另外，本文与美国的历史有一定的联系，如果考生的阅读量比较大，在答题时会带来一定的背景信息，而这对于答题会有一定的帮助。

写作答案及解析

【参考范文1】小作文Dear all the club members,As what we discussed in our last reading activity, the next club reading session will be held on Friday night, and I am honored to be the host this time. Therefore, I am more than happy to recommend a book to you now.
I highly recommend “Laugh it off, CET-6 Words”, the most interesting vocabulary book I have ever read, out of the following reasons. Firstly, English is of utmost importance to us but vocabulary bores us tremendously. However, this book enlightened me and helped me pass CET-6 with a high score, and I hope it can inspire you as well. Further, unlike other vocabulary books, this one has several stories of the writer, who has been working strenuously to make his life better. We may read these stories and share our ones, thereby solving some of our troubles and problems.
I suggest that you read this book before the session, and I assure you that you will be fans of it.
Looking forward to meeting you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming
大作文【参考范文1】

Ironically revealed in the illustration are four young men, who are in a dinner and facing a tableful of dishes. Instead of tasting the gourmet food, all of them are staring at their mobile phones, and refreshing their weibos and wechats. None of them are talking to each other, and they are absorbed in the virtual world created by the the cell phones. Conspicuously, the mobile phones have not brought us closer but alienated us from our true friends.

The cartoonist, who might be a sociologist, apparently endeavers to convey the message that we ought to be aware of the negative influence of the modern technology. Two decades ago, when there were anything but mobile phones and iPad, life seemed much happier and simpler. We talked to our friends face-to-face, enjoyed every party, and cherished the moment of staying with our family. However, with the advent of the sharpest double-bladed sword, the all-mighty mobile phone, there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have been changed more dramatically. We have grown progressively indifferent to everything that actually happens around us and people who genuinely care about us. The mobile phones have sadly and desperately replaced our friends, our family, even ourselves.

From my perspective, it is about time that we stopped this situation from worsening. We are supposed to make some ground rules, such as putting the phones aside in a meeting, class, and get-together, and punish those who break the rules. Moreover, each of us ought to recall the true love and warmth of being a real company to our friends and family and being accompanied by them when we were in need. Then, put down our mobile phones, hang out with them, and tell them how much you love them. You will find that without mobiles phones, we would be way much closer to each other.

【参考范文2】Graphically portrayed in the picture are four youngsters concentrating on playing with their mobile phones while barely speaking with each other during a dinner. Delicious dishes have been already placed on the table, but still cannot draw them out of their mobile phones.
Obviously, the cartoon serves to remind us of the seriousness of people’s addiction to mobile phones and other portable electronic products including e-books, mp3, pad, laptop and so on. With the significant advancement in electronic technology, functions of mobile phones and other similar products are getting increasingly powerful, and combined with a variety of APPs(applications) such as Micro-blog, Wechat, QQ, Facebook, Mobiles phones have been occupying most of people’s spare time. However, while serving to help people connect with others and share their lives with others, mobile phones also deprive people of the time that used to be spent in communicating, staying together or playing with their friends and families in a face-to-face way. Getting addicted to the cyber world does no good to people’s physical and mental health as well as people’s interpersonal relationship in the real world.
Confronted with this situation, a rational attitude about using mobile phones and applications in the cyber-world as well as a timely education to help people, especially youngsters, to fight the addiction in playing with mobile phones are both highly needed which may include restricting the use of mobile phones in classes, during having meals or in social gatherings and encouraging people to spend more time with friends and families in the real world.
【参考范文3】No one in China can have failed to notice a not uncommon social issue that new technology such as mobile phone has changed our daily life in more than one way. As is vividly shown in the cartoon, around the dinning table sit four youngsters, friends or relatives, shooting photos about the foods and staring at their own phone without communicating with each other. Simple as the picture seems to be, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.
The metaphorical and impressive portrayal has subtly demonstrated an issue in our daily life: the lack of interpersonal communication because of the excessive usage of mobile. I can think of no better examples other than “Phubbing” which is the combination of “phone” and “snubbing”. In modern cities exist a group of young people, chatting with friends and relatives only by cellphone and snubbing strangers every day. According to one latest survey conducted by the United Nation, above 90.52% of modern citizens spend most of their daytime on phone, including reading eBooks, scanning e-news, and sending messages, which is so called “Phubbing”. Were the situation to continue, we would have to confront with an indifferent society.
Considering every aspect of this phenomenon, we should bear in mind that mobile phone is nothing but a communication tool, which is just a waste of our precious time and money. Thus the public should take practical actions to put an end to this trend. Just a smile or a greeting of “hello” could shorten the distance between people. Only in this way can we make our society more harmonious, healthy and vigorous.
【评析】（图画作文）“手机依赖症”（四个年轻人围在一个餐桌前，开吃之前，先用手机拍照片，彼此之间没有任何交流）这篇图画作文是继2013年12月四级之后再一次考察了一个社会热点问题：手机依赖症。越来越多的年轻人，无论是家人之间还是朋友之间，甚至是陌生人之间，过多地依赖手机，要么看信息，要么刷新闻，要么吃饭前先拍照，总之，过度依赖手机却忘记了彼此之间最珍贵的东西，那就是人与人之间的交流(interpersonal communication).既然是忽略人与人之间的交流，所以定位为负面话题比较容易写作。无论是手机依赖症还是人与人之间的交流，甚至与考场上这幅类似的漫画，都是我从强化班到冲刺班、预测班强调的。甚至是在预测班讲义上预测七的漫画几乎一样。这对于一部分考生而言是有写作优势的。题干沿袭一贯要求，依旧是描述图画、阐释意义和给出评论。三段落写作分别如下：第一段，开篇先交代这样一个社会现象，高科技影响了我们的日常生活。然后描述图画，围绕餐桌前是四个年轻人，各自拿着手机对着食物拍照，但是却彼此不交流。第二段，这是一个负面话题，可以举例论证，说明人与人之间的交流缺乏，也可以分析其背后的原因。甚至可以引入一个亮点单词，2013年底的新合成词汇phubbing ，手机依赖症。

第三段，综合评析这一不好的现象，甚至对手机这种“双刃剑”的高科技进行评析。最后谈一谈对人与人之间的交流的建议和和谐健康社会的憧憬。

阅读┊ 收藏 ┊ 喜欢 ▼ ┊打印┊举报/Report

前一篇：十年精华| 考研英语阅读常见短语高频词汇（一）

后一篇：2015年考研全部复试工作应在4月底前完成

新浪BLOG意见反馈留言板　欢迎批评指正