高考英语考前知识扫盲清单

熟记固定搭配，击破语法改错

不论是语法填空，还是短文改错，都常常考查固定搭配。如果考生熟练掌握好固定搭配，这类考点，可以在句，甚至是词的层面就可以轻易解决。但事实上，即便是优秀考生，有时也会失分。据他们说，主要是固定搭配涉及面广，种类多，易混淆，运用起来张冠李戴。基于此，为了帮助考生提高语法填空和短文改错固定搭配方面的得分率，笔者结合自己多年的高三教学经验，特意对全国卷该部分的常见考法及高频考点归类整理如下。

一、考生须熟记以下常考的固定搭配

1.冠词的固定搭配。

全国卷英语高考对冠词的考查，并非仅仅局限于区分“特指”和“泛指”那般简单，在固定搭配中考查冠词也是很常态的考法。以下冠词的固定搭配就是高频考点：

含不定冠词的固定词组：

in a mess 乱七八糟                  in a hurry 匆匆忙忙

in a …condition 处于……状态        have a gift for 在……有天赋

at a loss 不知所措                  all of a sudden 突然

once in a while 偶尔                 once upon a time 从前

go on a diet 节食                    keep a diary 写日记

do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙          give sb. a lift 给某人提供顺风车

as a result 结果                     keep an eye on 照看

have a word with 和某人谈话         a waste of 浪费

at an end 接近尾声                 a series of 一系列

含定冠词的固定词组：

make the most / best of 充分利用           on the spot / scene 在现场

at the moment 此时此刻                  take the place of 取代；替代

in the daytime 在白天                    in the distance 在远方

in the end 最终                        on the whole 总体上on the left / right 在左/右边

at the same time 同时                    in the air / sky 在空中

for the time being 暂时                   in a word 总之

in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代           all over the world 全世界

in the beginning 起初                    by the way 顺便说一下

必须注意的是，有了短文改错作为载体，与零冠词有关的一些固定搭配，也开始“大行其道”，成为考查对象。如：

at noon 在中午           at night 在晚上            at dawn 在黎明

at dusk 在黄昏           in public 当众             by bus 坐公共汽车

make great progress 取得很大的进步

2.介词的固定搭配。

全国卷英语高考对介词的考查，主要是“形容词+介词”和“介词+名词”这两种搭配。但在语法填空或短文改错中，譬如apart from和according to这类词组，往往也会被考查，故考生们千万不可掉以轻心。由于介词种类繁多，且不同的介词又有不同的搭配，因此不少考生都感到介词短语的记忆比较散乱，难记易忘。鉴于此，笔者建议考生最好把同一个介词的相关搭配放在一起记忆。拿with为例，如下：

be angry with sb.  因某事而生某人的气       be filled with    装满；充满

be strict with sb.   在……对某人严格          be crowded with  拥挤

be connected with  连接                                be flooded with   充斥；涌入

be familiar with  对……熟悉/ 不熟悉        be compared with  比较

be popular with  流行；受欢迎                   be covered with   覆盖

be patient with  对……有耐心                  be faced with   面临

be frank with   对……坦白                          be concerned with 关于

be busy / occupied with 忙于              be infected with  感染  

be pleased / satisfied / content with  对……满意     be fed up with    厌倦 

如此一来，记忆起来就不容易遗漏，而且能起到举一反三的连锁反应。

3.连词的固定搭配。

高考除了对连词的常规用法进行考查外，有时也会考查固定搭配。以下是连词常用的固定搭配：

either… or… 要么……要么……

neither…nor… 既不……也不……

whether…or… 是/不论……还是……

not only…, but (also)… 不但……而且……

when it comes to… 当涉及到……

was / were doing sth. when… 正在做某事，突然……

be about to do sth. when… 正要做某事，突然……

be on the point of doing sth. when… 正要/即将做某事，突然……

There was a time when… 有一段时间；曾经

4.代词的固定搭配。

全国卷英语高考对代词的考查也是五花八门，细致入微。以下列举一些考生容易失分的关于代词的固定搭配：

take it for granted that… 认为……理所当然

make it a rule that…    把……作为规定

make it clear that…     声明

make it +adj. for sb. to do sth. 令得某人做某事很……

find / think / consider it+adj. to do sth. 发觉/认为做某事很……

make oneself +过去分词  使自己被……

5.动词的固定搭配

命题者也常常在短文改错中用以下的方式考查考生：

少一副词：不及物动词后+宾语  (如：belong to sb.写成belong sb.)

多一副词：及物动词+介词+宾语 (如：visit sb.写成visit to sb.)

张冠李戴：用错动词或副词 (如：把put out误用作put off，turn on用成了take on等)

6.非谓语的固定搭配。

为也应对语法填空，考生除了掌握最基础的非谓语语法知识外，也不可忽略特殊搭配的积累。如：

judging from / by 由……判断     generally speaking 笼统来讲

all things considered 全盘考虑；整体看来    be worth doing 值得做某事

only to see/ find/ discover 结果却看见/发现

to tell you the truth 实话实说

to make things worse 更糟糕的是

weather permitting 天气允许的话

7.名词为复数形式的固定搭配。

考生们在做语法填空时，凡涉及到固定搭配中的名词时，要注意其单复数形式；同理，命题者极有可能在短文改错中也会将其设为考点。常见的固定搭配有：

shake hands with  和……握手             make friends with 与……交朋友

make preparations for 为……做准备        be in high / low spirits 情绪高涨/低落

to make things / matters worse  更糟糕的是   be as follows  如下                

have effects on / have an effect on    对……有影响

make efforts to do /  make an effort to do  努力做某事

make contributions to / make a contribution to 为……做贡献

8.固定的特殊句型。

There is no denying that… 毋庸置疑

There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事

There is no point in doing sth 做某事没有意义

It is no use / good doing sth. 做某事没用/不好

It is / was…that / who…  正是……

It was not long before…  很快……

It’s (high) time that sb. did sth 该是某人做某事的时候了

It is / was the+序数词+time that sb. has / had done sth.  某人第……次做某事

9.易混的词或词组。

before (用完成时态) / ago (用过去时态)

because (接句子) / because of (接名词/词组)

have been to (到过) / have gone to (去了)

ten years ago (用一般过去时) / since ten years ago (用现在完成时)

long before (很久以前) / before long (不久之后)

make sense of (理解) / make sense (有意义，说得通)

take advantage of (利用) / take advantage over (比……有优势)

be tired of (对……厌倦) / be tired from(因……而疲惫)

pay in cash(用现金支付) / pay by check(用支票支付)

in 1990 (在1990年) / in the 1990s（在二十世纪九十年代）

in the morning (在早上) / on the morning of last  Monday(上周一早上)

in summer (在夏天) / in the summer of 1997(在1997年夏天)

in the past(在过去，用于一般过去时态) / in the past few years (在最近几年，用现在完成时态)

with time going by = as time goes by (随着时间的推移，with是介词，而as是连词)

in charge of (负责……)/ in the charge of (由……负责)

at table(在吃饭) / at the table (在桌子旁边)

at a time(一次) /  at onetime (曾经，同时) / at the time(当时；那时)

a number of (许多) / the number of(……的数目)

a most + adj. (一个非常……的) / the most +adj. (最……的)

a second time (又一次) / the second time (第二次)

take place (发生) / take the place of (取代；替代)

charge sb. with sth.(因某事指控某人) / charge sb. for sth. (因某事收费)

be proud of = take pride in (引以为豪)

be confident of = have confidence in (对……有信心)

二、高考真题分析

1.  语法填空  在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式。

(1)________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. (2015 课标卷 II)

(2) It took years of work  ________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014 课标卷 I)

(3) I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.( 2014 课标卷 II)

(4) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused  ________ (stop) until…(2014课标卷 II)

(5) Still, the boy kept ________ (ride). (2014课标卷 II)

(6) Nick said, “ The only reason a man would sell salt  ________ a low price would be because he was desperate for money. (2013广东卷)

(7)  I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged ________ the reservation. (2014广东卷)

(8) One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.(2015广东卷)

2.  短文改错  以下每个句子都有一处错误，请指出并改正过来。

(1) In other words, we would be separated for long time. (2010大纲)

(2) In a fact, he even scared my classmates away…(2013课标卷 I)

(3) As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (2014课标卷 I)

(4) and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. (2014课标卷 I)

(5) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listen music.(2014课标卷 II)

(6) Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. (2015课标卷 I)

(7) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (2015课标卷 I)

(8) My best friend, Aigulie, used to share her Nang to me. (2015课标卷 I)

三、实战演练

(一)语法填空在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式。

1. He is always responsible ________ whatever he does.

2. She spoke in such ________ low voice that she couldn’t make herself heard.

3. The students are busy making ________ (prepare) for the coming exams.

4. He was absent from the lecture ________ some reason. 

5. People were sleeping soundly ________ the destructive earthquake occurred.

6. Strictly ________ (speak), what you said just now is not exactly correct.

7. I’d appreciate it ________ you could do me a favor and help me out.

8. He had no choice but ________ (wait) aimlessly for another two hours.

9. If  you go on behaving like that,you’ll risk ________ (lose) your job.

10. When he woke up, he found himself lying in ________ open air.

(二)单句改错以下每个句子都有一处错误，请指出并改正过来。

1. So busy am I that I spend little time on my son every week.

2. The other day, she paid visit to the Summer Palace and enjoyed herself.

3. His parents forced him choose the major he wasn’t interested in.

4. We’re supposed to exchange our study methods to each other.

5. The project is now in charge of Mr. Green, our close friend.

6. Old as he is, the man is in a good health.

7. I’ll take you up as soon as you arrive at the train station.

8. As students, we should make effort  to realize our dreams.

9. Tom got up, dressed him and went to work in a hurry.

10. I don’t make sense what you said just now. Can you explain it indetail?