语法填空题有两类：一类无提示词，主要是对代词、冠词、介词和关联词的考查；一类有提示词，主要是对非谓语动词、动词时态、被动语态、比较级和词类转换的考查。

      在解答语法填空题时，考生只有明确考点，熟悉考点，解题时才能做到有的放矢。
      考点1：代词
      近几年来主要考查了it作指示代词、用作形式主语及形式宾语的用法及不定代词和人称代词的用法。
      [例1]She remembered how difficult 　31　was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. (2009高考)
      答案：it
      解析：作形式主语，指代“to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father”。
     [例2]He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 　38　 ?”（2010高考）
     答案：it
     解析：指代前面提到的the water，作like的宾语。
     [例3] He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made　25　 of us feel good. (2011高考)
     答案：both
     解析：指代he和me两个人。
     [例4]“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” ... “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. Then he took 　25　 off, gave a big smile and... (2012高考)
    答案：them
    解析：指代上文的“sun glasses”，作took off的宾语。
    考点2：冠词
     近几年来对冠词a，an, the分别进行了考查，其中对冠词a的考查较多。
    [例1]Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 　33　 pleasant experience.... （2009高考）
　答案：a
     解析：not a pleasant experience意为“不是一次令人愉快的经历”。
    [例2] A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. 　31　 water was sweet. （2010高考）
     答案：The
     解析：特指前句中的“a spring of clear water”。
    [例3]We had 　24　 amazing conversation. （2011高考）
    答案：an
    解析：an amazing conversation意为“一次令人吃惊的交谈”，amazing的读音以元音开头，故用an。
    [例4]But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 　1９　 last row. （2012高考）
    答案：the
    解析：last为形容词“最后的”，the last row“最后一排”，定冠词the表示特指。
    考点3：介词
    介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。近几年来主要考查了on，with，at，for等。
    [例1] When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already  　39　 table having supper. （2009高考）
    答案：at
    解析：固定短语at table意为“在用餐”。
   [例2] The young man went home  　35　 a happy heart.（2010高考）
   答案：with
    解析：with a happy heart在句中作伴随状语，句意为“年轻人满心欢喜地回去了”。
    [例3] I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him 　23　 his own either.（2011高考）
   答案：on
   解析：固定短语on one’s own 意为“独自地”。
    [例4]The new boy looked at the teacher 　23　 a few seconds and all the other students wondered...（2012高考）
   答案：for
    解析：for后接（一段）时间，表示某个动作或某种状态延续多久。如for a long time，for two weeks等。
    考点4：关联词
    关联词包括表转折或对比的but，while，表示并列的and，or等；引导状语从句的从属连词，如because，so，when, until, if等；引导定语从句的关系词，如who, which, that, where, when等，以及引导名词性从句的连接词，如that，what等。
    [例1] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 　37　  he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.（2008高考）
    答案：but
    解析：句意为“这样干了一天后，他非常累，但他感到非常高兴，因为庄稼确实‘长得’更高了”。
   [例2] My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me　17　 the bus arrived.（2011高考）
    答案：until
    解析：连词until引导时间状语从句，until the bus arrived“直到公共汽车到来”。
   [例3] 　20　 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. （2012高考）
   答案：If
   解析：if引导条件状语从句，句意为“如果他认为坐在后面就能不被人注意到，他就错了”。
   [例4] He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder  　32　 had been his teacher.  (2010高考)
   答案：who
    解析：elder为先行词，who在定语从句中作主语。
    [例5] I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 　32　should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.  (2007高考)
    答案：who
   解析：who在宾语从句中作主语。
    [例6] Behind him were other people to 　32　 he was trying to talk, ...（2011高考）
   答案：whom
    解析：whom在宾语从句中作talk的宾语。
     [例7] One day, he came up with an idea 　35　he would pluck (拔) up all of his crop a few inches.（2008高考）
   答案：that
   解析：引导同位语从句，对抽象名词idea起补充说明的作用，that在句中不作任何句子成分，也没有任何词义。
[例8]Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, 　22　 made her feel like a star. （2012高考）
答案：which
解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容。
[例9] ... and all the other students wondered  　24　   the boy would do. （2012高考）
答案：what
解析：what在宾语从句中作do的宾语。
[例10] Jane paused in front of a counter 　35　    some attractive ties were on display. (2009高考)
答案：where
解析：where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，先行词为counter。
考点5：非谓语动词
包括不定式、现在分词、过去分词及动名词。对考生来说，了解它们在句中的功用、区别及常考点是非常必要的。
[例1] He spit it out, 　37　(say) it was awful. （2010高考）
答案：saying
解析：现在分词saying，作伴随状语。
[例2] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man  　18　(sit) at the front. （2011高考）
答案：sitting
解析：sitting at the front是a man发出的动作，故用现在分词作宾补，表主动意义。
[例3]He suddenly appeared in class one day,  　16　   (wear) sun glasses.（2012高考）
答案：wearing
解析：现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[例4]For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 　32　(help) it grow. （2008高考）
答案：to help
解析：不定式作目的状语。
[例5]She wished that he was as easy 　32　(please) as her mother. （2009高考）
答案：to please
解析：to please在形容词后作状语。
考点6：谓语动词
谓语动词包括动词的时态、语态、虚拟语气和主谓一致等。
[例1] The sun was setting when my car  　31　(break) down near a remote village. （2007高考）
答案：broke
解析：考查了谓语动词break的过去式broke，句型“...was/were doing sth. when sth. did...”表示“……正在做某事，这时（突然）发生了另外一事”。
[例2] Being too anxious to help an event develop often 　40　 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008高考)
答案：results
解析：这是一般性结论，用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，故用第三人称单数。
[例3] ..., people stepped your feet or 　34(push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. （2009高考）
答案：pushed
解析：考查了push的过去式，据连词or前后的谓语动词时态应保持一致可知，应用一般过去时。
[例4] Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 　4　(inform). （2009高考）
答案：was informed
解析：简被告知，“父亲最后决定戒烟了”，故用inform的一般过去时的被动式was informed。
[例5]After a four-day journey，the young man
　33　（present）the water to the old man. （2010高考）
答案：presented
解析：据全文的主体时态为一般过去时，年轻人把水赠送给他的老师是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时presented。
[例6] He 　1９　(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. （2011高考）
答案：pretended或was pretending
解析：由与之并列的giving可知，用过去进行时was pretending，作者注意到当时他正在把玩具虎当成真的并给它配音。
[例7]He walked in as if he 　17　(buy) the school. （2012高考）
答案：had bought
解析：as if引导的状语从句是与过去事实相反的情况，故用“had bought”。
考点7：比较等级
近几年来，仅考查了单音节形容词或副词的“比较级”。
[例1] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”　38　(high). （2008高考）
答案：higher
解析：庄稼确实“长得”比以前更高了。
[例2] The teacher replied,“ You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be　3９　     (sweet).”（2010高考）
　　答案：sweeter
解析：否定词nothing与形容词比较级sweeter构成最高级意义，句意为“没有什么比它更甜的了”。
[例3] I left it early because I had an appointment 　 16　(late) that day. （2011高考）
答案：later
解析：late是副词，意为“迟，晚”。根据句意，“我早点离开了（那场音乐会）是因为那天的晚些时候我有个约会。”可知用其比较级later。
[例4]It might have made it a little 　21　 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. （2012高考）
答案：harder
解析：hard的比较级在句中作宾语补足语。
考点8：词类转换
[例1] We drank together and talked 　38　    (merry) till far into the night. （2007高考）
答案：merrily
解析：修饰谓语动词talked，作状语，用副词。
[例2]This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 　39　 (nature) course. (2008高考)
答案：natural
解析：在名词前作定语，用形容词。
[例3]But Jane knew from past experience that her 　36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009高考)
答案：choice
解析：在形容词性物主代词后用名词。
[例4]His teacher took a deep drink, smiled
　34　(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. （2010高考）
答案：warmly
解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词。
[例5]He must be 　20　(mental) disabled. （2011高考）
答案：mentally
解析：修饰其后的形容词disabled，作状语，用副词。mentally disabled意为“弱智”。
[例6]For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 　18　(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
答案：pleased
解析：在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”。
考生知道高考语法填空的八个考点后，就应设法着重复习和掌握这八个方面的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识和正确的解题方法，才能提高答题的准确率。
(作者单位：梅州市五华县安流中学)