加载中…2011年雅思A类TASK2分类点评之六
(2012-07-10 15:20:54)
标签：
2011雅思写作社会家庭男女平等寻根人口老龄化女子参军教育 |
六、社会与家庭（共4题，占8.3%）
36.
Nowadays, some workplaces tend to employ equal numbers of men and
women workers. Do you think it is a positive or negative
development?
(11.01.15)如今，很多职场都倾向于招收同等数量的男女雇员。请问这一现象是利还是弊？
解析：本题属于社会类话题，妇女与男女平等话题分支。题型为Argumentation。
从2003年至今，雅思作文一共考了6次男女平等话题。这类话题需要考生对女权主义、男女平等这类社会话题有一定的了解。
【结构与思路】
本文可以写成双边结构，正文前半部分讲男女平等的必要性，很多工作的确女性的比例太少，是一种性别歧视。正文后半部分讲这种做法的缺点，如有些体力劳动较多的工作可能更适合男性，而有些工作反而更适合女性，没必要刻意去进行平衡。
I. Introduction：
1. 背景： 性别平等的话题已经被热议了几十年。The
issue of gender equality has been discussed fervently in the past
few decades.
2. 主题：然而，一些人，尤其是一些女权主义者feminists
提出，为了表示对女性的尊重，公司应当雇佣相同数量的男女员工。
3．观点：我的观点是，每家公司应该根据工作的性质nature of work来决定所录用男女的比例。
II. Body 1：男女员工数量相同的优点
传统的社会观念social convention认为女性要比男性低一等women are inferior to their male counterparts，因此女孩从小就不被鼓励做一些诸如政治、商务等工作and therefore most girls are not encouraged to pursue political office, business success and professional prestige. 但是，男性掌握这些工作未必意味着他们就擅长这些工作。However, the fact that men hold these jobs does not necessarily mean that they are good at what they do. 如果公司雇佣同等数量的男女员工，那么女性将拥有平等的工作权，以及和男性竞争的机会Women can enjoy the equal right to work, and the right to compete with men.
III. Body 2：男女员工数量相同的缺点
1。 论点：而如果公司盲目地追求性别平等pursue gender equality blindly，那么男性和女性可能不能发挥自己的专长bring their talents in certain fields into full play.
论据：由于男女的基因构成上的差异Due to the disparity in genetic makeup，男女适合的工作不同。男性由于更加活跃active, 精力充沛energetic和好胜aggressive，所以有些体力劳动manual labor更加适合男性，比如矿工miners，水手sailors，消防员fire fighters，铁匠ironsmith，甚至屠夫butchers。而女性由于更加仔细careful, 耐心patient, 没有野心less ambitious, 因此一些家政类的domestic, 护理类的caring, 秘书类的secretarial工作更加适合女性来完成。
2． 论点：这种做法不但不会解决性别歧视sexism/，可能反而aggravate gender discrimination。Moreover, the problem of sexism would be worsened instead of being overcome.
论据：如果男女被迫去做自己不擅长的工作，很难去和异性竞争they will have great difficulty competing with the opposite sex. 他们在工作上会落后They will fall behind甚至被看不起be looked down upon.
IV. Conclusion
1. 重申观点： 聘用相同数量的男女员工，虽然似乎尊重了女性的工作权right to work，但是有可能反而导致不公平inequality和性别歧视sex discrimination.
2. 提出建议： 公司不应当过度强调男女员工在数量上的平等，而是根据工作的不同性质来决定男女员工的比例。
场景词汇
male chauvinism/masculinism 大男子主义，男权主义
breadwinner 养家糊口的人
genetic makeup 基因构成
feminism 女权主义
sex/gender discrimination/bias 性别歧视，性别偏见
sexism 性别歧视
occupational sexism/ sexist in the workplace/ employment sexism 职业性别歧视
employment discrimination 就业歧视
social convention 社会习俗（通常指拘泥、刻板的）
gender role 性别角色
gender equality 男女平等
egalitarianism 平均主义
disparity/ discrepancy 差异，悬殊
be superior/ inferior to 比…优越/ 比…低等
stereotype 陈规，老套
【相关范文】（来源：互联网）
Most high level jobs in the government are done by men. Some people believe that the government should encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Today, while more and more women are playing increasingly essential roles in modern society, it has to be noted that most high-level governmental jobs are still within men’s grasp. For this reason, some people propose that a certain percentage of such positions should be assigned to women.
From some people’s point of view, the practice may sound reasonable based on the following reasons. First of all, it is beneficial for the women to bring their talents in certain fields into full play. It is widely accepted that women are generally more careful, patient and gifted in certain field like arts compared with their male counterparts and preserving some governmental positions related to such fields for them seems to be a decent idea. Moreover, the move could be regarded as a sign of equality between men and women, which indicates the women’s value has been realized.
While the above reasons seem sounding, the negative side of the practice should never be overlooked. Firstly, the packed-schedule of a governmental top position is likely to make women become so busy with their job that their family lives are always neglected. The fact that the majority of female top employees in the US government are either single or divorced serves as a convincing example. More importantly, the practice also harms certain capable male candidates’ interests and it is likely to make women to be more dependent on such preferential policies.
To sum up, it does bring benefits to the government if more women participate in certain fields of governmental positions. Such benefits, nevertheless, are based on the sacrifice of the women’s family lives and the interests of their male counterparts. So I think it is acceptable for the government to encourage women to commit themselves to some high level jobs, but on no account should we reserve them for women purposely. (306 words)
37.
Some people believe that women should play an equal role as men in
a country’s police force or military force, such as the army, while
others think women are not suitable for these kinds of jobs.
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (11.02.19 = 03.09.20,
04.01.10)一些人认为女人应该和男人一样加入到一国的警察或军事力量中去，而另一些人认为女人不适合这些工作。讨论双方观点并给出你自己的看法。
解析：传统观点认为女人不适合此类工作的理由：1、此类工作一般对体力要求高、强度较大。男性一般比女性更健壮、精力充沛且好胜，因此更适合这些工作。2、女人要承担生育重任，由于其性格上一般比较耐心、细心更适合照顾家庭和孩子。
认为女人可以参军理由：1、现代军队性质发生了很大改变，不像过去参军主要是上前线，现代军事力量更注重科技运用，女人只要具备相应素质完全可以胜任工作。2很多女性由于受到家庭熏陶对军事很感兴趣，鼓励其参军可以最大承担地发挥其潜能，让其实现自己的志愿并贡献自己的力量。3一些特警队、军队医务人员大量选用女性并且效果显著的事实可以说明女性完全可以通过自己的能力和智慧为国家的安全做出自己的贡献。
【相关范文】本文讲述的参军似乎只限定在战火纷飞的前线，实际上现代意义上的从军已经不只是上前线、还有可能是现代防御武装的演练、技术指挥等对智力和科技的需求胜过体能的要求的工种。本文采用一边倒的论证思路，观点非常明显。
In many countries women are not able to join the army. But some people think women should be a member of the army, navy and air force. Do you agree or disagree?
In ancient times, women were thought to bring bad luck to the military and were not allowed anywhere near the army. Nowadays a small number of women work in organizations affiliated to the armed forces, but mainly involved in the logistics or other civilian work. As far as I am concerned, the army or the navy is not suited for the fair sex.
A life in the army is physically demanding for a woman. Indeed, many men can hardly cope with the vigorous training and drilling. It is true that we have female athletes who undergo intensive training daily, but what is required in the army goes against women’s nature. Being a soldier, you must learn how to kill other people. Most women would readily learn how to defend themselves but would balk when it comes to killing. Many are disturbed by the sight of blood and unable to handle a gun or dagger. Only under extreme circumstances would they find the nerve to pull the trigger. Only very few women can make good soldiers.
The psychological effects of a military career could be devastating. Combating experience is traumatic for most people. Many veterans suffer from post-war syndrome. The bloodlines and cruelty of war often haunts them for the rest of their lives despite their efforts to put the past behind. Even in times of peace, soldiers are trained for war. Daily exposure to the violence and harshness, which is routine in the army, may cause damage to their mental health.
War and fighting may be mankind’s unavoidable folly. By and large, men are its executioners and victims. It is sad enough that men are being exposed to the worst in mankind: cruelty, violence, wickedness and so on. Let’s spare our fair sex, as much as possible, the evil of the world. We must not all become desensitized and dehumanized. Some of us need to remain caring and gentle. The female is a balancing factor toward the good. Our children need to have at least one parent who is loving and considerate.
Source: 新东方《剑桥雅思写作高分范文》，刘巍巍，方林编著，群言出版社
38.
In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily
increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects
on the society? (11.10.08 = 06.02.11) 在很多国家里，老年人的比例正在稳步增长。这一趋势对社会是利大于弊吗？
解析：此题具体范文可见Amy之前写的一篇名为《人口老龄化问题Ongoing attention to the aging of population》的博文
39.
It becomes more popular to find out the history of one's family.
What are the reasons for people to do this and do you think it is a
positive or negative development? (11.12.17)
人们逐渐开始寻找自己家族的历史。原因分析及评价这一现象是否进步还是负面的。
解析：原因分析：1出于好奇。加之现代技术如因特网的发展和交通的发达，使得人们寻找自己家族历史更具可能性。2 由于战争的原因，很多人早年离家亲人失散，因此会主动去联系久远的亲戚探寻家族历史。举例说明：中国台湾海峡有很多早年从大陆移民过去的人们现在由于政策鼓励，加之邮政航空等开放，纷纷回大陆探亲访友，祭拜祖先。
进步一面：1有利于传统文化的传承。很多人在找到自己家族历史之后，都愿意继承或接受老祖宗的传统技艺或习俗。比如，一些民间艺人的后代就愿意从祖辈那学习民间手艺如剪纸、并将它们发扬光大。2
对子孙后代也有教育意义。那些寻访家族历史的人们往往会受到祖辈们艰苦奋斗的事迹和精神的鼓舞，更有可能成为对社会负责任、有用的公民。
参考范文：
There are a growing number of people who are interested in tracing the history of their families, which has aroused the interest of sociologists. A few reasons may account for this phenomenon.
Most people do research on the history of their families out of curiosity, as they keep finding out interesting information about their ancestors and the evolution of their families. Modern technology makes this job much easier and more convenient than before. Fast means of transport enables people to travel to various places to do field investigation, and Internet provides more access to information. Another reason concerns the human history in the past century, which witnessed two world wars and large-scale migration, causing millions of people to lose contact with their relatives. They attempt to find the lost relatives and get reunited with their family members through the research on their family history.
In the modern world when more and more traditions are dying out, tracing the family history helps to preserve traditional culture. For instance, some migrant people have no idea about the folk customs in their mother countries, but they start to practice these customs after they explore their origin. Family history can also be good education for young people, who are so obsessed with fashion. They learn the hardships their ancestors experienced and the virtues they upheld. Those who have high respect for families are more likely to be social and responsible citizens.
Despite these positive elements, the trend of finding out family history may pose some problems. Family trees, in some cases, are used as a means of developing social connections for people’s personal interest. Also, when we advocate the equality of people, family history may give people a sense of superiority of inferiority, which goes against the principle of our society.
In conclusion, whether or not to find out one’s family history is just a personal choice and I think its benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
36.
解析：本题属于社会类话题，妇女与男女平等话题分支。题型为Argumentation。
从2003年至今，雅思作文一共考了6次男女平等话题。这类话题需要考生对女权主义、男女平等这类社会话题有一定的了解。
【结构与思路】
本文可以写成双边结构，正文前半部分讲男女平等的必要性，很多工作的确女性的比例太少，是一种性别歧视。正文后半部分讲这种做法的缺点，如有些体力劳动较多的工作可能更适合男性，而有些工作反而更适合女性，没必要刻意去进行平衡。
I.
1.
2.
3．观点：我的观点是，每家公司应该根据工作的性质nature of work来决定所录用男女的比例。
II. Body 1：男女员工数量相同的优点
传统的社会观念social convention认为女性要比男性低一等women are inferior to their male counterparts，因此女孩从小就不被鼓励做一些诸如政治、商务等工作and therefore most girls are not encouraged to pursue political office, business success and professional prestige. 但是，男性掌握这些工作未必意味着他们就擅长这些工作。However, the fact that men hold these jobs does not necessarily mean that they are good at what they do. 如果公司雇佣同等数量的男女员工，那么女性将拥有平等的工作权，以及和男性竞争的机会Women can enjoy the equal right to work, and the right to compete with men.
III. Body 2：男女员工数量相同的缺点
1。 论点：而如果公司盲目地追求性别平等pursue gender equality blindly，那么男性和女性可能不能发挥自己的专长bring their talents in certain fields into full play.
论据：由于男女的基因构成上的差异Due to the disparity in genetic makeup，男女适合的工作不同。男性由于更加活跃active, 精力充沛energetic和好胜aggressive，所以有些体力劳动manual labor更加适合男性，比如矿工miners，水手sailors，消防员fire fighters，铁匠ironsmith，甚至屠夫butchers。而女性由于更加仔细careful, 耐心patient, 没有野心less ambitious, 因此一些家政类的domestic, 护理类的caring, 秘书类的secretarial工作更加适合女性来完成。
2． 论点：这种做法不但不会解决性别歧视sexism/，可能反而aggravate gender discrimination。Moreover, the problem of sexism would be worsened instead of being overcome.
论据：如果男女被迫去做自己不擅长的工作，很难去和异性竞争they will have great difficulty competing with the opposite sex. 他们在工作上会落后They will fall behind甚至被看不起be looked down upon.
IV. Conclusion
1. 重申观点： 聘用相同数量的男女员工，虽然似乎尊重了女性的工作权right to work，但是有可能反而导致不公平inequality和性别歧视sex discrimination.
2. 提出建议： 公司不应当过度强调男女员工在数量上的平等，而是根据工作的不同性质来决定男女员工的比例。
场景词汇
male chauvinism/masculinism
breadwinner 养家糊口的人
genetic makeup 基因构成
feminism 女权主义
sex/gender discrimination/bias 性别歧视，性别偏见
sexism 性别歧视
occupational sexism/ sexist in the workplace/ employment sexism 职业性别歧视
employment discrimination 就业歧视
social convention 社会习俗（通常指拘泥、刻板的）
gender role 性别角色
gender equality 男女平等
egalitarianism 平均主义
disparity/ discrepancy 差异，悬殊
be superior/ inferior to 比…优越/ 比…低等
stereotype 陈规，老套
【相关范文】（来源：互联网）
Most high level jobs in the government are done by men. Some people believe that the government should encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Today, while more and more women are playing increasingly essential roles in modern society, it has to be noted that most high-level governmental jobs are still within men’s grasp. For this reason, some people propose that a certain percentage of such positions should be assigned to women.
From some people’s point of view, the practice may sound reasonable based on the following reasons. First of all, it is beneficial for the women to bring their talents in certain fields into full play. It is widely accepted that women are generally more careful, patient and gifted in certain field like arts compared with their male counterparts and preserving some governmental positions related to such fields for them seems to be a decent idea. Moreover, the move could be regarded as a sign of equality between men and women, which indicates the women’s value has been realized.
While the above reasons seem sounding, the negative side of the practice should never be overlooked. Firstly, the packed-schedule of a governmental top position is likely to make women become so busy with their job that their family lives are always neglected. The fact that the majority of female top employees in the US government are either single or divorced serves as a convincing example. More importantly, the practice also harms certain capable male candidates’ interests and it is likely to make women to be more dependent on such preferential policies.
To sum up, it does bring benefits to the government if more women participate in certain fields of governmental positions. Such benefits, nevertheless, are based on the sacrifice of the women’s family lives and the interests of their male counterparts. So I think it is acceptable for the government to encourage women to commit themselves to some high level jobs, but on no account should we reserve them for women purposely. (306 words)
37.
解析：传统观点认为女人不适合此类工作的理由：1、此类工作一般对体力要求高、强度较大。男性一般比女性更健壮、精力充沛且好胜，因此更适合这些工作。2、女人要承担生育重任，由于其性格上一般比较耐心、细心更适合照顾家庭和孩子。
认为女人可以参军理由：1、现代军队性质发生了很大改变，不像过去参军主要是上前线，现代军事力量更注重科技运用，女人只要具备相应素质完全可以胜任工作。2很多女性由于受到家庭熏陶对军事很感兴趣，鼓励其参军可以最大承担地发挥其潜能，让其实现自己的志愿并贡献自己的力量。3一些特警队、军队医务人员大量选用女性并且效果显著的事实可以说明女性完全可以通过自己的能力和智慧为国家的安全做出自己的贡献。
【相关范文】本文讲述的参军似乎只限定在战火纷飞的前线，实际上现代意义上的从军已经不只是上前线、还有可能是现代防御武装的演练、技术指挥等对智力和科技的需求胜过体能的要求的工种。本文采用一边倒的论证思路，观点非常明显。
In many countries women are not able to join the army. But some people think women should be a member of the army, navy and air force. Do you agree or disagree?
In ancient times, women were thought to bring bad luck to the military and were not allowed anywhere near the army. Nowadays a small number of women work in organizations affiliated to the armed forces, but mainly involved in the logistics or other civilian work. As far as I am concerned, the army or the navy is not suited for the fair sex.
A life in the army is physically demanding for a woman. Indeed, many men can hardly cope with the vigorous training and drilling. It is true that we have female athletes who undergo intensive training daily, but what is required in the army goes against women’s nature. Being a soldier, you must learn how to kill other people. Most women would readily learn how to defend themselves but would balk when it comes to killing. Many are disturbed by the sight of blood and unable to handle a gun or dagger. Only under extreme circumstances would they find the nerve to pull the trigger. Only very few women can make good soldiers.
The psychological effects of a military career could be devastating. Combating experience is traumatic for most people. Many veterans suffer from post-war syndrome. The bloodlines and cruelty of war often haunts them for the rest of their lives despite their efforts to put the past behind. Even in times of peace, soldiers are trained for war. Daily exposure to the violence and harshness, which is routine in the army, may cause damage to their mental health.
War and fighting may be mankind’s unavoidable folly. By and large, men are its executioners and victims. It is sad enough that men are being exposed to the worst in mankind: cruelty, violence, wickedness and so on. Let’s spare our fair sex, as much as possible, the evil of the world. We must not all become desensitized and dehumanized. Some of us need to remain caring and gentle. The female is a balancing factor toward the good. Our children need to have at least one parent who is loving and considerate.
Source: 新东方《剑桥雅思写作高分范文》，刘巍巍，方林编著，群言出版社
38.
解析：此题具体范文可见Amy之前写的一篇名为《人口老龄化问题Ongoing attention to the aging of population》的博文
39.
解析：原因分析：1出于好奇。加之现代技术如因特网的发展和交通的发达，使得人们寻找自己家族历史更具可能性。2 由于战争的原因，很多人早年离家亲人失散，因此会主动去联系久远的亲戚探寻家族历史。举例说明：中国台湾海峡有很多早年从大陆移民过去的人们现在由于政策鼓励，加之邮政航空等开放，纷纷回大陆探亲访友，祭拜祖先。
参考范文：
There are a growing number of people who are interested in tracing the history of their families, which has aroused the interest of sociologists. A few reasons may account for this phenomenon.
Most people do research on the history of their families out of curiosity, as they keep finding out interesting information about their ancestors and the evolution of their families. Modern technology makes this job much easier and more convenient than before. Fast means of transport enables people to travel to various places to do field investigation, and Internet provides more access to information. Another reason concerns the human history in the past century, which witnessed two world wars and large-scale migration, causing millions of people to lose contact with their relatives. They attempt to find the lost relatives and get reunited with their family members through the research on their family history.
In the modern world when more and more traditions are dying out, tracing the family history helps to preserve traditional culture. For instance, some migrant people have no idea about the folk customs in their mother countries, but they start to practice these customs after they explore their origin. Family history can also be good education for young people, who are so obsessed with fashion. They learn the hardships their ancestors experienced and the virtues they upheld. Those who have high respect for families are more likely to be social and responsible citizens.
Despite these positive elements, the trend of finding out family history may pose some problems. Family trees, in some cases, are used as a means of developing social connections for people’s personal interest. Also, when we advocate the equality of people, family history may give people a sense of superiority of inferiority, which goes against the principle of our society.
In conclusion, whether or not to find out one’s family history is just a personal choice and I think its benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
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