★ already
常用于肯定句、个别疑问句
yet 常用于否定句、疑问句
* The train has already gone.
* They haven’t come back yet.
★ such
修饰名词 so 修饰形容词、副词
*I have never seen such an interesting film.
*This box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
alone(单独、独自)作表语=by oneself
lonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语
* He lived
alone, but he didn’t feel lonely.
* It’s a lonely
village.
★ hard(努力地)
hardly(几乎不)否定副词
* She works
very hard, and he hardly has a rest on
Sundays.
形容词和副词
比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
1) 一般情况加 – er 或 – est
fast – faster – fastest
high – higher – highest
clever – cleverer – cleverest
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
2) 以字母 e 结尾加 –r 或
–st
fine – finer – finest
late – later – latest
nice – nicer – nicest
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
3) 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音
字母时双写加 –er 或
–est
fat – fatter – fattest
big – bigger – biggest
thin
– thinner – thinnest
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y
为 i 加 –er 或
–est
early – earlier – earliest
easy – easier – easiest
lucky – luckier – luckiest
规则变化
部分双音节和多音节词
在词前加 more 或
most
slowly - more
slowly - most slowly
easily - more
easily - most easily
carefully -
more carefully - most carefully
不规则变化
good/well – better – best
many/much – more – most
little – less – least
far – farther – farthest
( far – further – furthest )
bad/badly/ill – worse – worst
形容词和副词
比较级和最高级的用法
1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词 than
引导，表示“较······”或“更······一些”的意思
*This cake is more delicious than that one.
*Li Lei jumped farther than Jim (did).
2)
表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围
*Shanghai is
the biggest city in China.
*Lucy sings
(the) best of all.
*He is the
most careful among us.
3) 在表示 “和······一样······” 和 “不及······” 这类概念时，可以用
“as+原级+as” 和 “not as（so）+原级+as”的句型
*Our teacher
is as busy as before.
*He does not
run so (as) fast as I.
4) 可用much, still, a little, even, far,three
years等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级
*She is much taller than
Mrs.Liu.
*He is three years older than
I.
*This problem is a little
more difficult than the other
one.
5)几种比较级的使用句型
1.“ 比较级 + and
+ 比较级 ”
表示“ 越来越······ ”
*Your English
is getting better and better.
你的英语越来越好了。
*These days
more and more people are learning English.
现在学英语的人越来越多了。
2. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”
表示“ 越······就越······ ”
*The more, the better.
越多越好。
*The busier
he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙越高兴。
3.“ more (less) than ”表示
“不止，不到”
*She is more
than thirty.
她三十多岁了。
*The lightest weighs less than 50
kilograms.
最轻的不到五十公斤。
4.“more or less”表示“差不多，或多或少”
*The problem
is more or less solved.
这个问题差不多已经解决了。
*Is it
straight? – More or less.
它直吗？ –
差不多吧。
6)注意点
形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略
在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词
*This pen is
shorter than that one.
*The weather
here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级
*Who is
taller, Mary or Jane?
*Which is
biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
7)掌握几种同义句转换
1. He is
taller than any other student in his class.
= He is taller than the other students in his class.
= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
= He is the tallest (student)in his class.
3. I prefer maths to English.
=I like maths better than English.
4. The box
is too heavy for him to carry.
= The box is so heavy that he can’t carry it.
= The box is not light enough for him to carry.
练习
选择
( )1 Who gets
home usually ____ in your family?
A. the
latest
B. later
C.
early
D. as late
( )2 The more
we looked at the picture, ____.
A. we like it less B. the less we liked
it
C. better we liked it D. it looked better
( )3 What a
pity. Lucy ran ____ than Lily.
A. a few more slowly B. a little more
slowly
C. much more slowly D. little slowlier
( )4 Don’t
worry. Your baby is looked after
____ here,
the nurse are very ____.
A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful
C. care,
careless
D. careless, care
( )5 The idea
became ____ . He wanted to try ____.
A. strangly, it out B. strangly, out
it
C. strange, it out D. strange, out it
( )6 Beijing
is ____ biggest cities in China.
A. the first B. one of C. the
second D. second
用词的适当形式填空
1 He works very __________. He __________ has a
rest on Sunday. (hard)
2 __________, he didn’t fail in the exam.(luck)
3 He was so __________ that he couldn’t believe
this __________ news. (surprise)
4 He won’t do it. I won’t do it,
__________. (too)
5 Mr. Green is feeling __________ enough to go to
work. (good)
6 The old man looks very _______________ than you
think. (friend)
7 This box is not so ______ as that
one. (heavy)
8 Lucy jumped __________ of the four. (high)
Pronouns
代 词
代词的分类
人称代词
Personal Pronouns
物主代词
Possessive Pronouns
反身代词
Self Pronouns
不定代词
Indefinite Pronouns
指示代词
Demonstrative Pronouns
疑问代词
Interrogative Pronouns
人称代词 Personal
Pronouns
数
单数
复数
人称 一
二
三
一 二 三
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you they
宾格 me
you him
her it us
your them
1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格
* They all like him very much.
他们都很喜欢他。
* She gave the books to you and me.
这些书是她送给你和我的。
2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格
* Who’s knocking at the door?
–It’s me.
谁敲门？-是我。
3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为
“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”
* You, she and I all enjoy the
music.
你我她都喜欢音乐。
4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等
* We love our motherland, we hope she’ll be stronger and
bigger.
我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。
* The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston.
轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。
5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等
* What’ the
weather like today?
– It’s windy.
今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。
* It’s about five minutes’ walk from home to school.
从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。
6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳
* It’s hard to reach the apples.
很难够到苹果。
* It’s good for you taking a walk after supper.
对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。
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