写作口诀之三

“主谓+双宾”很常用，间接是“人”直接“物”，

“主谓宾+宾补”也常用，“补充说明”不可无。

一、       什么是“主谓+双宾”结构

“主谓+双宾”结构是：主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语。

什么是直接宾语和间接宾语呢？

在“双宾语”结构中，间接宾语一般由指代“人”的名词或代词充当，直接宾语由指代“物”的名词或代词充当。

这种结构为：“及物动词+sb+sth”。例如：

（1）My uncle gave us a surprise yesterday.

（2）My parents often write me a letter.

这种结构可以转换为：及物动词+sth+for/to sb。例如：

（1）My uncle gave a surprise to us yesterday.

（2）My parents often write a letter to me.

注意：英语的多数动词后面接to，但buy，find，sing，get，make，fetch等动词后常接介词for。例如：

（1）We buy him a gift every year.=We buy a gift for him every year.

（2）Could you sing us another song?=Could you sing another song for us?

二、什么是“主谓宾+宾补”结构

所谓“主谓宾+宾补”结构就是：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语。

什么是宾语补足语呢？

英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的身份、意义、特征、状态灯，这种成分就称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、分词和介词短语等，它们常谓语宾语之后。

例如：

（1）I found the boy very clever.
     我觉得这男孩很聪明。

说明：句中及物动词found的宾语是the boy，形容词短语very clever就是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语the boy的特点，如果没有very clever作宾语补足语，这句话的意思就不完整。

（2）We called him Grandpa.
    我们称他为爷爷。

说明：句中及物动词called的宾语是him，而名词Grandpa就是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语him的身份。

（3）She always keeps everything in good order.
    她总是把一切摆放的井井有条。

说明：句中及物动词keep的宾语是everything，而介词短语in good order就是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语everything的状态。

（4）I heard Jim singing this morning.
    我今天早晨听见吉姆在唱歌。

说明：句中及物动词heard的宾语是Jim，而动词的-ing形式singing是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语Jim的动作特征。

（5）She wanted me to give her some money.
    她想要我给她一些钱。

说明：句中及物动词wanted的宾语是me，而不定式to give her some money就是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语me的意愿。

三、错误分析

（1）I gave she a doll as a birthday gift.
    我给她一个娃娃作为生日礼物。

说明：动词gave的直接宾语是a doll，间接宾语是her，应该用宾格，而不是主格she。

正确句子：I gave her a doll as a birthday gift.

（2）The friends bought a new bike to her as a birthday gift.
    朋友们给她买了一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。

说明：介词使用错误。动词buy后常跟介词for。正确句子：The friends bought a new bike for her as a birthday gift. 或是The friends bought her a new bike as a birthday gift.

（3）The teacher told us do more reading.
    老师告诉我们多作阅读。

说明：动词told后面只能接带to的动词不定式而不能接动词原形作宾语补足语。正确句子：The teacher told us to do more reading.像这样常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有：ask，want, teach, wish等。

（4）In the country, we can hear birds to sing.
    在乡村，我们能够听到鸟儿鸣叫。

说明：动词hear后面只能接不带to的动词不定式或分次作宾语补足语。正确句子：In the country, we can hear birds singing.像这样常接不带to的动词不定式或分次作宾语补足语的动词还有：see, watch, find, notice等。

（5）He has spent too much time to play the games.
    他花费了太多的时间玩游戏。

说明：不定式使用错误。Spend后接动词的-ing形式。正确句子：He has spent too much time playing the games.

段落练笔

学校有一个大的图书馆，同学们应该怎样爱护它呢？

错误表达

There has a big library in our school. The students like read there. They keep tidy. They help the librarian cleaning it.

段落练笔

外籍教师Richard想了解一下你所在班级学生的到校方式。假如你是李华，请以The Way I Go to School为题，写一篇60~80词的短文向Richard介绍自己到校的方式。（开头已给出）

提示：

（1）How do you go to school?

（2）Why do you prefer to go in that way?

要求：

（1）     短文须包括所有提示内容，并围绕你所选的某种交通方式，写出二至三个理由，可适当发挥。

（2）     文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。    

错误表达

The Way I Go to School

I’m Li Hua. I go to school by foot. I have some reasons for that.

First, my home is 2 kilometers to school. It takes me about 20 minutes get there Second, walk to school is a kind of exercise. It’s good for my health. Third, it’s the safest way go to school because there is a lot of traffic on the road at this time of day. So, I prefer walk to school. It’s really a good choice.

一.   指出下列句子中的间接宾语和直接宾语

1.     Can you bring me your photos here tomorrow?

2.     I will buy Tom a birthday gift.

3.     Will you show me your passport?

4.     Kate has taught Linda an English lesson.

5.     I gave him some help.

二.   指出下列句子中的宾语补足语.

1.     The teacher told the students not to be late for school again.

2.     My mother wants me to help her with the housework.

3.     I found the film interesting.

4.     The police asked the children not to swim in the river.

5.     Now, we can hear the birds singing.

6.     She found herself in the hospital when she woke up.