自然拼音法发音规律汇总
(注:如果你的电脑上没有安装YB字体的话,音标看着是不正确的。建议你安装一个音标字体再看音标)。
第一部分:26个字母的发音:
通过学唱一首歌曲《The alphabet
song》,轻松掌握26个字母的发音,26个字母的发音要点如下:
1、五个元音字母Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu有两种发音:
A says
[ei] &
[æ] ;
E says [i:] &
[е];
I says [ai] &
[i];
O says
[əu]
&
[ɔ];
U
says
[ju:] & [Λ]
总结归纳:五个元音字母有两种发音,第一种是长音:即字母本身的读音;第二种是短音,通过下列口诀记忆:
五个元音字母发短音的记忆口诀:
Aa for apple [æ]
[æ]
[æ];
Ee for egg
[е]
[е]
[е];
Ii for
is
[i]
[i]
[i];
Oo for orange
[ɔ]
[ɔ]
[ɔ];
Uu for
up
[Λ]
[Λ] [Λ].
2、21个辅音字母的读音中有大部分跟汉语拼音的读音相似,通过歌曲学唱记忆。21个辅音字母的音标如下:
B
---[b]
C---[k]
D----[d]
F---[f] G---[g]
H---[h]
J----[dʒ]
K---[k]
L----[l]
M---[m ]
N--[n]
P---[p]
Q---[kw]
R---[r]
S---[s]
T---[t]
V---[v] W---[W]
X---[ks] Y---[j]
Z---[z]
3、自然拼音法的拼读方法:和汉语拼音的拼读方法类似,用元音前面的辅音和元音相拼而形成的读音,就是一个音节的读音,再把其他的音加进去。比如:name的音标是[neim],就把[n]和[ei]相拼得到的读音,再加上后面的辅音[m],就得到了这个单词的读音。
4、五个元音字母的发音规律:
以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母+e”结尾的词叫做开音节单词,简称为:以“元辅e”结尾的单词。
以“一个元音字母+一个或两个辅音字母”结尾的单词叫做闭音节单词,简称为“以元辅或元辅辅”结尾的单词。
五个元音字母在开音节单词中读第一种读音:即字母本身的读音;
五个元音字母在闭音节的单词中读第二种读音:即口诀里面的读音。
1)、A
在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[ei],例词如下:
cake
bake
make
take
lake
wake
snake
ate
date
gate
hate
late
plate
face
race
place
fade
made
grade
cafe
safe
name
same
game
tape
plane
2)E在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[i:],
例词如下:
theme
these
3)、I在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[ai],例词如下:
bike like
Nike
nice
rice
ice
mice
price
bite
kite life wife
five
dive
line
fine
mine
nine
wine
pine
hide
ride side
wide
mile
pile
smile
time
pipe
4)O在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[əu],例词如下:
nose
home
bone
rose
note
hole
pole
rope
vote
rode
zone
slope
smoke
globe
5)
U在开音节单词中读字母本身的音:[ju:],例词如下:
use
cute
mute
excuse
6)
A在闭音节单词中读短音:[æ],例词如下:
bag
cat
cap
dad
bad
fat
flat
has
gas
hat
map
mad
lamp
rat
sat
sad
glad
land
and man
hand
ant
can
flag
back
7)
E在闭音节单词中读短音:[е],例词如下:
bed
pen
get
leg
let
net
tell
neck
desk
hen
egg
wet
met
pet
red
next
beg
bend
send
help
rest
well
sell
left
yes
8)
I在闭音节单词中读短音:[i],例词如下:
it
is
in
if
his
sit
hill
film
did
swim
fish
milk
pig
big
ill
9)
O在开音节单词中读短音:[ɔ],例词如下:
dog box fox hot not boss fond lot pot lost got job soft frog cock clock cross fog from god
golf
on
off
pond
10)
U在闭音节单词中读短音:[Λ]
,例词如下:
bus
but
cut
bug
hut
mug
duck
cup
run
nut
mum
gun
fun
sun
hug
rub
luck
suck
must
jump
plus
dust
just
总结归纳:五个元音字母在开音节单词中读长音,即字母本身的读音;五个元音字母在闭音节单词中读短音,即口诀里面的读音。简称为:“开长闭短”。
第二部分:辅音字母组合的读音:
在英语中,有一些辅音字母有时候两两组合时,发一些固定的音,这个就叫做辅音字母组合音。熟记下列辅音字母组合的读音:
1、th
mouth
[θ]
thank
think
three
tooth
thin
thick
2、th
clothes
[ð]
this
that
these
those
with then
than
the
3、ch
Hh
[t∫] chick
lunch
much
French
4、tch
Hh
[t∫]
catch
match
fetch
5、sh
fish
[∫] fish
ship
shot
shake
shut shall
fresh
6、wh
what
[W]
what when
which
white
while
7、wh
who
[h]
who
whom
whole
whose
8、ph
Ff
[f]
phone
photo
phrase
graph
9、ck
Kk
[k]
duck
clock
chick
pick
truck
quick
quack
rock
sock
10、qu______________
[kw]
quick
quack
11、ng
song
[ŋ]
song
sing
long
hang
thing
bring
12、tr
tree
[tr]
tree
truck
trip
track
trust
13、dr
drink
[dr]
drink
dress
drop
drive
drum
drug
14、ts
what’s
[ts] cats
hats
gets
nuts
cuts
15、ds
hands
[dz] beds
birds
hands
sends
lands
16、ful
__________[ful] useful
beautiful
helpful
17、
ing -----------[i ŋ]
sing swing playing going swimming
18、tion
______________[∫ə
n]
nation
fiction
dictionary
下面几个辅音字母组合在一起时只发其中一个字母的音:
19、kn
_______[n]
knife
knock
knit
knight
20、wr
_______[r] write
wrong
21、mb
________[m ] climb bomb
numb
lamb
22、ge
orange
[dʒ]
orange
bridge
fridge
当[s]碰到清辅音时要浊化:
23、st__________[sd]
star
stand
strong
story
stop
stone
24、sp________[sb]
sport
spoon
speak
space
spell
25、sk___________[sg]
skirt
school
skate
ski
26、str__________[sdr]
street
strong
27、spr__________[sbr]
spring
28、scr___________[sgr]
screen
第三部分:元音字母组合的发音:
英语中,有一些元音字母组合或者元音字母与辅音字母的固定字母组合常常发一个固定读音,熟记下列字母组合的发音:
1、ou
ow
out
[au]
mouth
mouse
house
cloud
cow
now
town
brown
2、oi
oy
boy
[ɔi]
boy
toy
coin
cil
boil
noise
point
voice
3、au
aw
augh
ough
all
[ɔ:]
Agust
Paul
autumn
saw
crawl
taught
caught
naughty
bought
thought
4、al
all
all
[ɔ:]
talk
walk
bald
salt
chalk
tall
wall
fall
ball
small
5、oo
_________________[u:]
too
zoo
pool
fool
moon
noon
soon
cool
room
food roof
tool
goose
school
spoon
boot
tooth
loose
shoot
troop
choose smooth
6、oo_________________ [u]
good
foot
stood
wood
book
cook
look
took
hook
oo字母组合发短音记忆口诀:好脚站在木头上,碰见老K发短音。
7、下列三个字母组合都发作元音字母Aa的读音:[ei]。
ai---------
[ei]
rain gain
pain
tail
wait
bait
train
aim
snail
maid
fail
lain
e-mail
ay------------[ei] day say way lay gay pay play may
today
stay
eigh----------[ei]
eight
neighbor
8、下列四个字母组合都发作元音字母Ee的读音:[i:]
ee------------[i:] bee
see
meet
tree
three
week
feet
sweet
street
green
queen
betwe
screen
sleep
asleep
deep
keep
jeep
sheep
deed
feed
need
greet
speed
succeed
ea--------------[i:] tea
sea
meat
bean
peach
each
lean
clean
maen
reach
beach
easy
cheap
lead
leaf
team
read
leave
deal
meal
real
dream
teach
ideal
steal
eat
beat
teacher
heat
seat
weak
east
please
speak
least jeans
ey------------[i:]
key
money
donkey
honey
monkey
ie-------------[i:]
thief
field
piece
chief
9、下列四个字母组合都发作字母Ii的读音:[ai]
ie--------------[ai]
die
tie
lie
pie
备注:ie在词中读[i:];ie在词尾读[ai]。
igh-------------[ai] high might light night knight
ild-------------[ai] wild mild
ind-------------[ai] kind find
behind
blind
10、下列四个字母组合都发作Oo的读音:[əu]
oa --------------[əu]
coat
soap
boat
goat
road
coal
load
ow---------------[əu]
know
row
low
grow
flow
yellow
window
snow
show
borrow
old--------------[əu]
old
gold
cold
sold
ost--------------[əu]
post
host
most
ghost
11、下列两个字母组合都发作Uu的读音:[j
u:]
ui-----------[j u:]
suit
ew-----------[j u:]
new
chew
stew
few
第四部分:R音节的发音:
什么叫R音节?R音节就是五个元音字母a、e、i、o、u和字母r组合在一起时的读音。
ar------------[ɑ:]
car
bar
far
barn
star
bark
mark
park
sars
large
March
er------------[ ə]
father
mother
sister
brother
teacher
ir/ur---------[ə:]
bird
girl
shirt
skirt
first
thirteen
turn
burn
curt
nurse
hurt
purse
or------------[ɔ:]
for
horse
sport
nor
north
force
oral
morning
glory
born
corn
order
ore------------[ɔ:]
more
bore
score
before
第五部分:特殊规律的发音:
1、
ea字母组合读作:[e],熟记下列单词:
head
bread
sweater
weather
pleasant
health
already
2、
u、ue、ui在j、r、l、后面时读作[u:],熟记下列单词:
ruler
true
pollution
juice
fruit blue
glue
clue
2、
字母c的两种读音:
C在胖元音a、o、u前面读作[k]:cat
cap
cost
cup
cut
C在瘦元音e、i、y前面读作[s]:city
cell
nice
rice
3、
字母g的两种读音:
g在胖元音a、o、u前面读作[g]:
gas
got
goat
gum
g在瘦元音e、i、y前面读作[dʒ]:
gym orange
cage
age page
digital
bridge
judge
charge change edge fridge rige geography
4、
字母s的两种读音:
S大部分时候读作[s]:
sand
sister
sun
S夹在两个元音之间时读作[z]:
nose use
excuse
please
5、
字母y的三种读音:
y作辅音字母时,一般位于词首,读作[j]:
yes
yo-yo
yellow
y作元音字母时,有两种读音:
在长单词末尾读作[i]:
daddy
mummmy
sunny
bunny
funny
baby
story
glory
dictionary
strawberry
在短单词末尾读作[ai]:
why
shy
fly
cry
try
dry
sky
spy
第六部分:五个元音字母的弱读:
前面讲的那些发音规律一般是指重读时候的发音规律,五个元音字母有的时候会弱读为[ə]或[i],而且大部分时候是弱读为[ə],少部分时候弱读为[i]。
1)a在单词中弱读为[ə]:
sofa
oral
panda
about
around
address
afford
alarm
America
another
banana
January
salad
breakfast
dictionary
festival
2)e在单词中弱读为[ə]:
broken
chicken
comedy
listen
parent
strawberry
student
3)i在单词中弱读为[ə]:
April
cousin
4)o在单词中弱读为[ə]:
broccoli
carrot
collect
favorite
history
o’clock
of
bottom
chocolate
5)u在单词中弱读为[ə]:
August difficult
success
focus
6)五个元音字母在少数时候弱读为[i]:
chocolate
chicken
favorite
第七部分:单词的拼读方法和步骤:
第一步:找元音,找出单词中的元音字母或元音字母组合。
第二步:找元音前面的辅音或辅音字母组合。
第三步:两音相拼。
第四步:把其他的音加进去。
第五步:对于双音节单词和多音节单词,注意重读和弱读。
例如:bag
pen
his
not
cup
father
mother
sister
brother
第八部分:双音节词和多音节词的音节划分方法:
一般的原则是:元音和元音前面的辅音构成一个音节。如果两个元音之间夹有一个辅音或一个辅音字母组合,则该辅音归后;如果两个元音之间夹有两个辅音,则利用就近原则,各属其一。
例如:辅音归后:river away about alarm
along
become
bedroom
before
begin
behind
beside
between
birthday
body
busy
butter
cartoon
chocolate
cinema clever corner
cover
December
farmer
festival
finish
在两个音节中,如果有两个一样的辅音字母时,只读一个辅音。
例如:bottom
cotton
correct
crossing
funny
granny
hobby hurry
Lesson
letter
little
matter
middle
merry
message mirror
office
rabbit
really
sunny supper
summer
tennis
terrible
winner
worry
例如:辅音各属其一,即前面的那个辅音属于前面的音节,后面的那个辅音属于后面的那个音节。
basket
bathroom
biscuit
blackboard
breakfast broadcast
winterfootball husband
hospita history London Monday
monkey
number outside
textbook
painting
panda
picnic
public
Sydney
Thursday
welcome
western
window
windy
yesterday
第九部分:认识48个音标:
通过上面的学习,实际上相当于已经很轻松地学完了48个音标,而且不需要通过音标也能轻松地读出大部分单词,做到“见词能读,听音能写”。为了配合目前中小学教材里面需要掌握音标的要求,在这里再把48个音标总结出来,快速认读。
48个英语音标表
(20个元音+28个辅音)
|
单元音
(12个)
|
短元音
|
[i] [ə]
[ɒ]
[u] [Λ]
[æ]
[e]
|
长元音
|
[i:] [ə:]
[ɔ:]
[u:] [ɑ:]
|
双元音(8个)
|
[ai] [ei] [ɔi]
[au]
[əu]
[iə]
[ εə]
[uə]
|
清浊成对
的辅音
(10对)
|
清辅音
|
[р][t]
[k] [f]
[ϑ] [s]
[tr]
[ts] [∫]
[t∫]
|
浊辅音
|
[b] [d] [g] [v]
[ð] [z] [dr]
[dz]
[ʒ]
[dʒ]
|
其他辅音(8个)
|
[h] [m ] [n]
[ŋ]
[l] [r] [w ]
[j]
|
第十部分:利用短小精悍的英文故事、儿歌以及口诀熟练记忆上面的发音规律,达到“见词能读、听音能写”,轻松突破英语学习第一关---单词关。
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