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走   进   温   带   雨   林

(2014-03-23 08:44:47)
标签：

小镇附近的雨林

与热带雨林不同

地球之肾

脆弱生态

摄影杂谈

 分类： 夏至新西兰
    12月26号傍晚到达福克斯冰川小镇后，吃过晚饭已经是7点多，但天还大亮。
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     国内领队武先生说：各位跟我去温带雨林看看，这可是行程上没有安排的，算你们偏得。我心想雨林在哪呀，咋不去坐车？结果跟在他屁股后面没走500米，从小镇的路边拐下去就到了，实在让人有点儿惊奇。
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     说实话在国内倒是见过几处原始森林，像大兴安岭、长白山、天山呀，也见过海南和云南西双版纳的热带雨林，但脑子里真没有温带雨林的概念，更别说是亲眼看看了。
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    虽说没去过南美洲，喜欢旅游的人都知道，世界上最有名的雨林是亚马逊热带雨林，但知道温带雨林的人可能真不多。这次咱是身临其境长一回见识。
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     温带雨林生长在地球高纬度45——55度之间的沿海山区，需要年2000毫米以上的降雨量，我们眼前的这片雨林正处于新西兰南岛西海岸的南阿尔卑斯山南麓，无论是纬度、地形，还是气候、降水等，应该说都具备温带雨林的典型条件。新西兰是没有毒蛇猛兽的国家，温带雨林又不像热带雨林那样有令人恐怖和生厌的毒蛇和蚂蝗，你可以恣意漫游但不要迷路。
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     温带雨林与热带雨林有相似之处，都有高大的乔木、茂盛的灌木和众多的附生植物。在这片雨林中到处都是伞狀的银蕨，这是地球上最古老的植物之一，也是新西兰的国花。当地人认为，银蕨能体现新西兰的民族精神，寓意“新的生命”或“生命永恒”。所以，这种植物就成为新西兰的独特标志，佩戴在人们的胸前，附在各种产品上，就连该国航空公司飞机的尾部都喷上这种图案。我也买了一件用当地的榉木雕成的银蕨摆在家里，作为新西兰之行的纪念。
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    生态专家说，在地球的多种自然生态系统中，雨林是环境艺术中的珍品和杰作。他们把南美洲的亚马逊雨林比作地球的肺，为我们人类制造了大量的氧气，可令人遗憾的是，热带雨林正以每年12、95万平方公里的速度锐减！全世界的温带雨林还不如热带雨林分布广泛，也同样十分脆弱，好在拥有温带雨林的国家现在还很珍惜，但愿我们的子孙后代能永远看到地球上的这一景观。
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