Definition of the profession of landscape architect

风景园林师的职业定义

By IFLA

Landscape architects conduct research and advise on planning, design and stewardship of the outdoor environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment, and its conservation and sustainability of development. For the profession of landscape architect, a degree in landscape architecture is required. Tasks include:

风景园林学是一门研究规划、设计、管理室外环境和空间以及环境保护和可持续发展的学科。它所涉及的领域既包括人工环境也包括自然环境。对于风景园林行业而言，一定的研究程度是必须的。它所包含的任务有：

1)        Developing new or improved theories, policy and methods for landscape planning, design and management at local, regional, national and multinational levels;

在地区、区域、全国乃至跨国的层面上为风景园林规划、设计和管理制定出一种新的或更好的理论、政策和方法。

2)        Developing policy, plans, and implementing and monitoring proposals as well as developing new or improved theories and methods for national parks and other conservation and recreation areas.

制定政策和规划，执行并予以监控；为国家公园和其他保护区和游憩区制定出一种新的或更好的理论和方法。

3)        Developing new or improved theories and methods to promote environmental awareness, and undertaking planning , design, restoration, management and maintenance of cultural and \or historic landscapes, parks, sites and gardens.

制定出一种新的或更好的理论和方法以促进环保意识；规划、设计、修复、管理和维护文化或历史景观、公园、遗址和花园

4)        Planning ,design, management, maintenance and monitoring functional and aesthetic layouts of built environment in urban, suburban, and rural areas including private and public open space, parks, gardens, streetscapes, plazas, housing developments, burial grounds, memorials; tourist, commercial, industrial and educational complexes; sports grounds, zoos, botanic gardens, recreation areas and farms.

在功能和美学这两个层面上对城市、城郊和农村地区的人工环境进行规划、设计、管理、修复和监控。其涉及的领域包括：私人或公共开放空间、公园、花园、街景、广场、房地产发展、墓园、纪念性景观、旅游、商业、工业与教育的综合区域、运动场、动物园、植物园、游憩区和农场庄园。

5)        Contributing to the planning , aesthetic and functional design, location, management and maintenance of infrastructure such as roads, dams, energy and major development projects.

为规划、美学与功能兼顾的设计、定位、管理和维护基础设施例如道路、大坝、能源和其他重要的发展项目等贡献力量。

6)        Undertaking landscape assessments including environmental and visual impact assessments with view to developing policy or undertaking projects.

为了制定政策或开展项目，应对环境和视觉影响进行评估。

7)        Inspecting sites, analyzing factors such as climate, soil, flora, fauna, surface and subsurface water and drainage; and consulting with clients and making recommendations regarding methods of work and sequences of operations for projects related to the landscape and built environment.

调查现场，分析气候、土壤、植物、动物、地表和地下水以及排水等相关条件，咨询委托方的意见，对与项目中景观和人工环境相关部分的工作方式和步骤提出建议。

8)        Identifying and developing appropriate solutions regarding the quality and use of the built environment in urban, suburban and rural areas and making designs, plans and working drawings, specifications of work, cost estimates and time schedules.

为城市、城郊以及农村地区的相关人工环境的品质和使用制定出适合的解决方式；进行设计、规划，绘制施工图、写设计说明、进行成本估算、制定时间表。

9)        Monitoring the realization and supervising the construction of proposals to ensure compliance with plan, specifications of work, cost estimates and time schedules.

监测和监控建设实施过程，确保一切按照规划、设计说明、成本估算和时间表进行。

10)     Conducting research, preparing scientific papers and technical reports, developing policy, teaching, and advising on aspects regarding landscape architecture such as the application of geographic information systems, remote sensing, law, landscape communication, interpretation and landscape ecology.

在与风景园林相关的，比如地理信息系统、遥感技术、法律、景观交流、景观阐释和景观生态学的应用等各个方面上，进行实验、准备科学论文和技术报告、制定政策、参与教学和提出建议。

11)     Managing landscape planning and design projects.

管理风景园林规划和设计项目。

12)     Performing related tasks.

履行相关项目。

13)     Supervising other workers.

监督其他工人。