《新概念英语》第二册第45课A clear conscience   问心无愧
【课文】
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did Sam get his money back?

Whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!' Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!' In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!'

【课文翻译】
整个村子很快知道, 有一大笔钱丢失了. 当地的屠户萨姆.本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了. 萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了, 可是却不见有人来送还给他. 3个月过去了, 后来在一天早晨, 萨姆在自己的大门外发现了他的钱包. 钱包是用报纸包着的, 里面有他丢失的钱的一半, 而且还附着一张纸条, 上面写着 : “一个小偷, 是的, 但只是一个50%的小偷!” 又过了两个月, 又有一些钱送还给了萨姆, 又附了一张字条 : “这回只是25%的小偷了!” 很快, 萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来. 最后的那张字条上写道 : “我现在是一个100%的诚实人了!”
【生词和短语】
clear          adj. 无罪的，不亏心的
conscience n. 良心，道德心
wallet n. 皮夹，钱夹
savings n. 存款
villager n. 村民
percent 百分之……

【知识点讲解】
1. A clear conscience   问心无愧
a clear conscience      问心无愧
例句：I have a clear conscience.    我问心无愧
 
a guilty/bad conscience      问心有愧 (guilty adj.犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虚的)
I have a guilty conscience.      我问心有愧

2. The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.

A、learn   v. 得知，获悉
I’ve just learnt that she was ill. 我得知她生病了。
the whole world learnt…    全世界都知道……

B、a large sum of…  “   一大笔…”   修饰不可数名词，谓语动词只能用第三人称单数
常用修饰不可数名词的修饰语：(a) little、much、a great deal of 、 a large amount of 等等
例句： A great deal of money is spent on research.
这项研究花费了巨额资金。

3. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.

句子分析：“the local butcher”作为插入语，修饰前文Sam Benton，解释说明sam 的身份。
 
While doing 是一个省略形式
这个情况应具备两个条件

1、这个动作的主语跟主句主语一致

2、这句话一定要是进行时态
这句话完整的应为：Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while he was taking his savings to the post office.

while 有转折之意 类似于但是 同时while也可以连接两个进行时的句子
例如：He is listening to music while she is cleaning the windows.这里的while就相当于and,表示两个动作同时发生。
when, while这三个词都有"当……时候"之意，但用法有所不同，使用时要特别注意。

①when意为"在……时刻或时期"，它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段"，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词。如：

When I got home, he was having supper.
我到家时，他正在吃饭。

②while只指"时间段"，不指"时间点"，从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如：

While I slept, a thief broke in.
在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。

辨析
①when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while互换。如：
When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.
每当他做完工作后，总要稍稍休息一下。(when = after)

When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。(when=before)

②when从句动词为终止性动词时，不能由while替换。如：
When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.
昨天他来时，我们正在打篮球。

③当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时，when, while才有可能互相替代。如：
While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.
正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师进来了。

④当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用，而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑，有"正当这时"的含义。如：
He came just as (or when) I reached the door.
我刚到门那儿，他就来了。

⑤从句的谓语动词如表示状态时，通常用while。如：
We must strike while the iron is hot.
我们应该趁热打铁。

⑥while和when都可以用作并列连词。
Mike is tall while his brother is short.
迈克的个子很高，然而他弟弟很矮。

Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.
玛丽正走在回家的路上，这时两个大个子男孩拦住她。

4. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him.

A、must have done 表示对过去肯定的推测；
  must have been done 表示对过去被动的推测  “ 肯定被…… ”

B、return sth.to sb.=return sb. sth      将某物还给某人
  Have you returned the novel to the library?  那本小说你还给图书馆了吗?

5. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door.

三种表示一段时间以后,另外一件事情发生的方式：
① …passed, and then
② some time later
③ some time passed before…

6. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!'

A、wrap up    v 包裹
e.g.  It had been wrapped up in newspaper by somebody. (用报纸包用in，不能用by)

B、together with… = with…      随它一起的还有……（介词短语作状语）
e.g.  Their meal arrived together with a bottle of read wine

C、a note said…     纸条上说……
the picture said…     图片上说……
newspaper said…     报纸上说……

7. Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!'
some more money     又有一些钱 (more  又, 再)

8. In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way.

in time
文中用法：(1) Within an indefinite time; eventually:最后，终于：在不定的时间内；最终
In time they came to accept the harsh facts.
他们最终承认了严酷的事实

(2) Before a time limit expires.及时：在时限到来之前

on time(1) According to schedule; punctual or punctually.
按时，准时：按时间表的；准时的（地）
   
Pay back
① 偿还
Eg. Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.
② 报答；向……报复（pay sb. back）
Eg. You’ve been very kind to me. How can I pay you back?你对我这么好，我应该如何报答你？
I’ll pay you back for what you did to me.      你对我这样，我一定会报仇的。

【上期作业回顾】
翻译以下三个句子。
1  我因为追赶公共汽车，弄得上气不接下气。
I am out of breath for running after  the bus
2  这位老人一直在与病魔斗争。
This old man has been in a struggle against disease .
3  我对目前的生活心满意的。
I am quite content with the current life.

【课后作业】
翻译以下三个句子。
1. 全世界都知道我爱你。
2. 我年轻时喜欢跳舞。
3. 他发誓说不久就会还钱。