英语语法术语中英对照
语法 grammar
句法syntax
词法morphology
结构structure
层次 rank
句子
sentence
从句clause
词组phrase
词类 part of
speech
单词
word
实词
notional word
虚词
structural word
介词 preposition
连词conjunction
感叹词exclamation
形容词 adjective
名词 noun
专有名词 proper noun
普通名词common
noun
可数名词 countable noun
不可数名词uncountable
noun
抽象名词abstract
noun
具体名词 concrete
noun
物质名词 material
noun
集体名词collective
noun
个体名词individual
noun
动词verb
主动词 main
verb
及物动词transitive
verb
不及物动词 intransitive verb
系动词
link
verb
助动词auxiliary
verb
情态动词modal verb
规则动词 regular
verb
不规则动词irregular
verb
短语动词phrasal verb
限定动词 finite
verb
非限定动词
infinite
verb
使役动词causative
verb
感官动词 verb of
senses
动态动词event
verb
静态动词 state
verb
副词 adverb
方式副词 adverb of
manner
程度副词adverb of
degree
时间副词 adverb of time
地点副词adverb of
place
修饰性副词 adjunct
连接性副词conjunct
疑问副词 interrogative
adverb
关系副词relative
adverb
代词 pronoun
人称代词 personal
pronoun
物主代词possessive
pronoun
反身代词 reflexive
pronoun
相互代词reciprocal
pronoun
指示代词demonstrative pronoun
疑问代词 interrogative
pronoun
关系代词relative pronoun
不定代词 indefinite
pronoun
物主代词possessive pronoun
名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun
形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun
冠词 article
定冠词definite
article
不定冠词 indefinite
article
数词 numeral
基数词 cardinal
numeral
序数词
ordinal
numeral
分数词fractional
numeral
形式 form
原形 base
form
单数形式singular
form
复数形式
plural form
限定动词 finite verb
form
非限定动词non-finite verb form
从句 clause
从属句 subordinate
clause
并列句coordinate clause
名词从句nominal clause
定语从句 attributive clause
状语从句
adverbial
clause
宾语从句object
clause
主语从句 subject
clause
同位语从句appositive
clause
时间状语从句adverbial clause
of
time
地点状语从句adverbial clause
of place
方式状语从句adverbial clause
of manner
让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession
原因状语从句adverbial clause
of
cause
结果状语从句adverbial clause
of result
目的状语从句adverbial clause
of
purpose
条件状语从句adverbial clause
of condition
真实条件状语从句adverbial clause
of real condition
非真实条件状语从句adverbial
clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句adverbial clause of
implied condition
错综条件句adverbial clause of
mixed condition
句子 sentence
简单句 simple
sentence
并列句
compound sentence
复合句 complex
sentence
并列复合句compound complex
sentence
陈述句 declarative
sentence
疑问句 interrogative
sentence
一般疑问句 general
question
特殊疑问句 special
question
选择疑问句 alternative
question
反义疑问句 disjunctive
question
附加疑问句 tag
question
感叹疑问句 exclamatory
question
修辞疑问句 rhetorical
question
基本句型
basic sentence
pattern
存在句 existential
sentence
肯定句positive
sentence
否定句 negative
sentence祈使句
imperative
sentence
省略句elliptical
sentence
感叹句exclamatory
sentence
句子成分 members of
sentences
主语 subject
谓语predicate
宾语 object
双宾语dual
object
直接宾语 direct
object
间接宾语indirect object
复合宾语
complex object
同源宾语 cognate
object
补语complement
主补 subject
complement
宾补 object
complement
表语predicative
定语attribute
同位语 appositive
状语adverbial
句法关系 syntactic
relationship
并列coordinate
从属
subordination
修饰modification
前置修饰 pre-modification
后置修饰post-modification
限制restriction
双重限制 double-restriction
非限制non-restriction
数 number
单数形式singular
form
复数形式 plural
form
规则形式 regular
form
不规则形式irregular
form
格 case
普通格common
case
所有格possessive case
主格nominative
case
宾格objective
case
性 gender
阳性 masculine
阴性feminine
通性common
中性neuter
人称 person
第一人称 first
person
第二人称
second
person
第三人称third
person
时态 tense
过去将来时 past future
tense
过去将来进行时past future
continuous tense
过去将来完成时past future
perfect
tense
一般现在时present simple
tense
一般过去时 past simple
tense
一般将来时future simple
tense
现在完成时 past perfect
tense
过去完成时present perfect
tense
将来完成时 future perfect
tense
现在进行时present continuous
tense
过去进行时 past continuous
tense
将来进行时future continuous
tense
过去将来进行时 past future
continuous tense
现在完成进行时present perfect
continuous tense
过去完成进行时past perfect
continuous tense
语态 voice
主动语态active
voice
被动语态passive voice
语气 mood
陈述语气 indicative
mood
祈使语气imperative
mood
虚拟语气 subjunctive
mood
否定negation
否定范围
scope of
negation
全部否定
full
negation
局部否定 partial
negation
转移否定
shift of
negation
语序 order
自然语序 natural
order
倒装语序
inversion
全部倒装 full
inversion
部分倒装partial
inversion
直接引语 direct
speech 间接引语indirect speech
自由直接引语 free direct
speech
自由间接引语 free indirect
speech
一致 agreement /
concord
主谓一致subject-predicate
agreement/concord
语法一致grammatical
agreement/concord
概念一致 notional
agreement/concord
就近原则principle of
proximity
语音 pronunciation
语调 tone
升调rising
tone
降调 falling
tone
降升调falling-rising
tone
文体 style
正式文体 formal
非正式文体informal
口语 spoken/oral
English套语
formulistic
expression
英国英语
British
English
美国英语
American English
感情色彩 emotional
coloring
褒义 commendatory
贬义derogatory
幽默 humorous
讽刺
sarcastic
挖苦
ironic
用法 usage
强调 emphasis
重复repetition
修辞手法 figures of
speech / rhetorical device
明喻simile
隐喻metaphor
提喻synecdoche
拟人personification
夸张hyperbole
叠言rhetorical repetition
借代metonymy
委婉语euphemism 拟声onomatopoeia
头韵法alliteration
拟人personification
通感synesthesia
反语irony
双关语pun
矛盾修辞法oxymoron
轭式搭配zeugma
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