同位语从句the Appositive clause

(1) 同位语从句的定义

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。

它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。

e.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.（什么样的愿望？就是that he may recover，这部分就是对hope的解释说明）

The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.（什么样的问题，就是whether we should continue to do the experiment这部分对the problem进行了解释说明，我们是否该继续试验）

I have no idea when he will come back.

同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：

The story goes that William Tell killed

The king with an arrow.

Word came that their team had won.

⑵ 同位语从句的表现形式:

① 由that引导

The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.

The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.

The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.

The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.

The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.

② 由whether引导

The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.

3其它引导词引导的同位语从句

　　连接代词what , who , whom , whose，引导同位语从句

　　1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）

2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）

4. 连接副词引导同位语从句

　　连接副词when , where , how , why

　 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

⑶ 有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面

He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.

There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.

Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.

⑷ 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:

① 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;

定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。

We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.

(同位语从句)

Those who want to go please sign their names here.

(定语从句)

② 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；

定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等

The news that they won the match is true.

(同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系)

The news that you told us yesterday is true.

(定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)

③ 同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导;

定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。

Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.

Do you know the place where he was born?

④ 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;

引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。

The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.

The news (that) he told me is exciting.

⑤ 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。

He heard the news that their team had won.

此句可以变为一个表语从句:

The news was that their team had won.

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

　　1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

　　I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午可能不能来看你了。

　　2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

同位语从句

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

二、同位语从句前名词的形式

　　同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外）加以修饰。

　　Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？

三、同位语从句的语气

　　在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。

　　Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

四、同位语从句的先行词

　　同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea,situation thought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等。

　　How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?

　　代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。

　　I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。

　　有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。

You must see to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it,and It is that the children don't catch cold.）你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。

习题

1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. ( 2004春季上海 )
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether

解析：这是个同位语从句，从句是对promise的补充说明，同时从句不缺少任何成分，因此正解为 B

2. Danby left word with my secretary _________ he would call again in the afternoon. （05浙江卷）

A．who B．that

C．as D．which

解析：这是个分隔同位语从句，从句是对word的解释说明，因此正解为 B

3. Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (06年上海 春招）

A. which B. that

C. when D. Why

解析：这是个同位语从句，她是个善于合作的人也是个善于从他人身上学习的人与the fact 这个事实没有关系，因此正解为 B

4. Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom? （05辽宁卷）

A．that B．what

C．as D．which

解析：从句XX is actually going on in the classroom 缺少主语，由于这个句子是个同位语从句，连接代词不能用that（没有任何词义），正解为 B

5. There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever. ( 2002年上海)

A. that B. which

C. of which D. What

解析：这是个典型的同位语从句，从句we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever不缺少任何成分，用that引导，因此正解为 A

6. Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.( 2001年上海)

A. while B. that C. when D. As

解析：与第五题相同，正解为 B

7. A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when B. where C. what D. That

解析：故事是这么说的，英女皇伊丽莎白一世最喜欢的事莫过于被一群聪明优秀的贵族所围绕着。从句不缺成分正解为 D

8. _____ is no possibility _____ Bob can win the first prize in the match. (2001上海春）

A. There…that B. It…that C. There…whether D. It…whether

解析：由于possibility是名词形式，如果使用it做形式主语，翻译上不通，因此使用there be句型，而后面的从句不缺少成分，因此用that 引导，正解为 A

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