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一.宾语从句的定义

置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：

连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if

代词：who, whose, what ,which

副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情况中that不能省略

当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.（for the first time这个是插入语，可以省略，但它在句子中存在，因此that不能省略）

当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.（这是一个双宾语从句，him为间接宾语，而that从句引导的句子为直接宾语，因此that不可省略）

注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（it在此作为形式宾语，代替that引导的从句，necessary则作为it的宾语补足语。原句为：I find that we should do the homework on time is necessary ，如果不采用上述结构，句子就出现头重脚轻了，I find 是主谓，但后面的宾语从句太长了）

（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句

在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.

在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of（介词）whether we should go to see the film.

在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.

（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

三.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：

I don’t know what they are looking for.

Could you tell me when the train will leave?

Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

四.宾语从句的时态

主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

五.宾语从句的特点

宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。

whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。

如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

　　①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

　　I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

　　我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.

　　I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.

　　我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.

　　I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

　　我每天写日记成了习惯.

　　We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.

　　我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.

　　②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）

　　这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.

　　I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.

　　我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

　　He will have it that our plan is really practical.

　　他会认为我们的计划确实可行.

　　We take it that you will agree with us.

　　我们认为你会同意我们的.

　　When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.

　　开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.

　　③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替

　　We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

　　我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

　　We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.

我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.

1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter.

A. either B. that C. weather D. whether

解析：本题考查的是由谓语ask引导，因为从句使用陈述句语气，使用whether引导，正解为 D

2. We don't know ______ they did it .

A. how B. who C. what D. which

解析：考查的是连接副词（状语）的运用，how/who/what都是连接副词，句子翻译成他们是如何做到的，因此正解为 A

3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time .

A. that B. if C. when D. what time

解析：本题考查的是if引导词的作用，由于后接的是条件从句，选项C/D 与句子没有关系，正解为 B

4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

解析：由于条件从句后接 or not,因此只能用whether引导，正解为 C

5. Could you tell me how much ________to fly to Hainan ?

A.do it cost B.does it cost

C.it cost D.it costs

解析：宾语从句中how much引导了另一个宾语从句，宾语从句必须使用陈述句语气，正解为 D

6. The small children don't know ______.

A.what is their stockings in

B.what is in their stockings

C.where is their stockings in

D.what in their stockings

解析：把选项翻译后可知，他们不知道什么东西在他们的长筒袜中，这是一个陈述句而非一个倒装句，由此可知正解为 B

7. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______ .

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

解析：由于来的人无法确定性别，使用it作为代词，宾语see是谓语，后接宾语，因此宾语从句应该使用陈述句语气，正解为 C

8. Could you tell me how long __________ ?

A. you have bought the watch

B. you have kept this science book

C. have you been away from China

D. have you been a member of Greener China

解析：由于引导词为 how long，所以引导的是一段持续性时间，因此排除A，同时后面由how long 引导的宾语从句，要使用陈述句语气，正解为 B

9. He says that if it _______ tomorrow , he _______ fishing .

A. will rain , won't go B. rained , wasn't go

C. rains , won't go D. rain , will go

解析：第一空是由if引导的条件状语从句，根据主将从现原则，主句将来时，那么从句使用现在时，那么第二空就使用一般将来时，正解为 C