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one,ones,that,those在比较结构中的用法辨析

(2016-11-09 15:20:58)
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教育

例句:
(1) These books are rather difficult for me. Please get me some easier ones.
这些书对我来说太难了,请给我一些容易的(书)。
(2) You needn’t give books to those/the ones who have got it.
你不必把书给那些已拿的人。
(3) Weather here is much hotter than that in Beijing.
这儿的天气比北京的(天气)热多了。
(4) This TV set is much more expensive than that/the one in the window。
这台电视机比橱窗里的那台(电视机)贵多了。
解析:
在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one,ones,that和those。
I.替代词one和ones的用法:
1.one只能替代单数名词,必须带有一个限定或修饰词,指同类不同个(另一个同类物品)。如this one,that one,the one, a green one, either one,the same one,等。
My child doesn't like this book.Show her a more interesting one
2.one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。它也必须带有一个限定或修饰词,如these ones, those ones, the ones, some interesting ones,指另一些同类的物品,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例如:
I don't like these books.I'd like some more interesting ones.
3.当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:
Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before.
4.当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which和序数词等之后,可以省略。one作代词,代替前面提到的人或物,以避免重复。此时one只能代替可数名词,其复数形式为ones。 one或ones用于this,that,these, those,either,neither或形容词最高级后面时,常常可以省略。
The new designs are much better than the old ones.这些新设计比那些旧的好得多。
I think my dog is the fastest(one).我想我的狗是跑得最快的一条。
This book is much better than that(one).
5.替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之后。
但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:
My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one.
 6.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:
Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.
7.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例如:
A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one =a cake)
one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如:
Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=some of them)?
 
II.替代词that和those的用法:
1.that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于that=the one和 those=the ones。例如:
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.
 2.that也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能。例如:
The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.
以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。
3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。“那些。。。的人”,“那些。。。的物”。例如:
The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.
Moral values in America are like those  in any culture.
A one B ones C those D that
该句中的the one不能换成that。
 In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden.
在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。
 中学英语中还有一些由one构成的常用短语和固定结构。下面仅列举几个常用的重点短语和固定结构:one by one(一个一个地),one or two(一两个;很少的),one after the other /one after another(一个接一个),for one thing...for another(首先……再者;一方面……另一方面)。
1.There are still one or two problems to be settled.仍然有一两个问题需要解决。
2.I can't travel this summer.For one thing,I'm short of money;for another,I have not much spare time.今年夏天我不能旅游了。首先,我缺钱;再者,我也没有太多的空余时间。
one作人称代词可以笼统地指任何人、某一伙人中的一个人或说话人。当one笼统地指任何人时,其用法相当于you指代任何人。在书面语中,one比you更常见。
1.One can't succeed without working hard.一个人不努力工作是不会成功的。
2.He is the one who never troubles about personal interests.他是一个从不计较个人利益的人。
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_____ I will always treasure.(NMET2002) A.that B.one C.it D.what

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